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History Of Mentalities
The history of mentalities, from the French term ''histoire des mentalités'' (), is an approach to cultural history which aims to describe and analyze the ways in which historical people thought about, interacted with, and classified the world around them, as opposed to the history of particular events or of economic trends. The history of mentalities has been used as a historical tool by several historians and scholars from various schools of history. Notably, the historians of the ''Annales'' School helped to develop the history of mentalities and construct a methodology from which to operate. In establishing this methodology, they sought to limit their analysis to a particular place and a particular time. This approach lends itself to the intensive study that characterizes microhistory, another field which adopted the history of mentalities as a tool of historical analysis. History ''Annales'' The origin of the concept of a history of mentalities lies in the writings of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cultural History
Cultural history records and interprets past events involving human beings through the social, cultural, and political milieu of or relating to the arts and manners that a group favors. Jacob Burckhardt (1818–1897) helped found cultural history as a discipline. Cultural history studies and interprets the record of human societies by denoting the various distinctive ways of living built up by a group of people under consideration. Cultural history involves the aggregate of past cultural activity, such as ceremony, class in practices, and the interaction with locales. It combines the approaches of anthropology and history to examine popular cultural traditions and cultural interpretations of historical experience. Description Many current cultural historians claim it to be a new approach, but cultural history was already referred to by nineteenth-century historians, notably the Swiss scholar of Renaissance history Jacob Burckhardt. Cultural history overlaps in its approaches w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carlo Ginzburg
Carlo Ginzburg (; born 15 April 1939) is an Italian historian and a proponent of the field of microhistory. He is best known for ''Il formaggio e i vermi'' (1976, English title: '' The Cheese and the Worms''), which examined the beliefs of an Italian heretic, Menocchio, from Montereale Valcellina. In 1966, he published '' The Night Battles'', an examination of the '' benandanti'' visionary folk tradition found in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Friuli in northeastern Italy. He returned to looking at the visionary traditions of early modern Europe for his 1989 book '' Ecstasies: Deciphering the Witches' Sabbath''. Life The son of Natalia Ginzburg, a novelist, and Leone Ginzburg, a philologist, historian, and literary critic, Carlo Ginzburg was born in 1939 in Turin, Italy. His interest for history was influenced by the works of historians Delio Cantimori and Marc Bloch. He received a PhD from the University of Pisa in 1961. He subsequently held teaching positions at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historiography
Historiography is the study of the methods used by historians in developing history as an academic discipline. By extension, the term ":wikt:historiography, historiography" is any body of historical work on a particular subject. The historiography of a specific topic covers how historians have studied that topic by using particular sources, techniques of research, and theoretical approaches to the interpretation of documentary sources. Scholars discuss historiography by topic—such as the historiography of the United Kingdom, of historiography of World War II, WWII, of the Pre-Columbian era, pre-Columbian Americas, of early historiography of early Islam, Islam, and of Chinese historiography, China—and different approaches to the work and the genres of history, such as political history and social history. Beginning in the nineteenth century, the development of academic history produced a great corpus of historiographic literature. The extent to which historians are influence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historical Anthropology
Historical anthropology is a historiographical movement which applies methodologies and objectives from social and cultural anthropology to the study of historical societies. Like most such movements, it is understood in different ways by different scholars, and to some may be synonymous with the history of mentalities, cultural history, ethnohistory, microhistory, history from below or ''Alltagsgeschichte''. Anthropologists whose work has been particularly inspirational to historical anthropology include Emile Durkheim, Heinrich Schurtz, Arnold van Gennep, Lucien Lévy-Bruhl, Marcel Mauss, Clifford Geertz, Jack Goody, and Victor Turner.Elizabeth A. Ten Dyke, 'Anthropology, Historical' in Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing, ed. by Kelly Boyd (Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn, 1999), pp. 37--40 (p. 38). Peter Burke has contrasted historical anthropology with social history, finding that historical anthropology tends to focus on qualitative rather than quantitative data ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cultural History
Cultural history records and interprets past events involving human beings through the social, cultural, and political milieu of or relating to the arts and manners that a group favors. Jacob Burckhardt (1818–1897) helped found cultural history as a discipline. Cultural history studies and interprets the record of human societies by denoting the various distinctive ways of living built up by a group of people under consideration. Cultural history involves the aggregate of past cultural activity, such as ceremony, class in practices, and the interaction with locales. It combines the approaches of anthropology and history to examine popular cultural traditions and cultural interpretations of historical experience. Description Many current cultural historians claim it to be a new approach, but cultural history was already referred to by nineteenth-century historians, notably the Swiss scholar of Renaissance history Jacob Burckhardt. Cultural history overlaps in its approaches w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alltagsgeschichte
''Alltagsgeschichte'' ( German; and sometimes translated as 'history of everyday life') is a form of social history that emerged among West German historians in the 1980s. It was founded by Alf Lüdtke (1943–2019) and Hans Medick (born 1939). ''Alltagsgeschichte'' can be considered part of the wider Marxian historical school of ' history from below'. It challenged the well-known framework of ' ('history of structures'), within the German historical field and advocated for a new model of social history. It is related to microhistory. ''Alltagsgeschichte'' ''Alltagsgeschichte'' developed from the social and political upheavals of the 1960s when new social movements began to mobilize with political and academic voices. Its intention was to show the links between the ordinary "everyday" experiences of ordinary people in a society, and the broad social and political changes which occur in that society. ''Alltagsgeschichte'' becomes a form of microhistory because this massively ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Great Cat Massacre
''The Great Cat Massacre and Other Episodes in French Cultural History'' is an influential collection of essays on the cultural history of early modern France by the American historian Robert Darnton, first published in 1984. The book's title is derived from its most famous chapter which describes and interprets an unusual source detailing the "massacre" of cats by apprentice printers living and working on Rue Saint-Séverin in Paris during the late 1730s. Other chapters look at fairy tales, the writing of the ''Encyclopédie'' and other aspects of French early modern history. Methodology Darnton, influenced by Clifford Geertz who was a colleague of Darnton's and had pioneered the approach of " thick description" in cultural anthropology, aimed to gain greater insight into the period and social groups involved by studying what he perceived to be something which appeared alien to the late modern mind – the fact that killing cats might be funny. ''The Great Cat Massacre an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Darnton
Robert Choate Darnton (born May 10, 1939) is an American cultural historian and academic librarian who specializes in 18th-century France. He was director of the Harvard University Library from 2007 to 2016. Life Darnton was born in New York City. He graduated from Phillips Academy in 1957 and Harvard University in 1960, attended Oxford University on a Rhodes scholarship, and earned a PhD (DPhil) in history from Oxford in 1964, where he studied with Richard Cobb, among others. The title of his thesis was ''Trends in radical propaganda on the eve of the French Revolution (1782–1788)''. He worked as reporter at ''The New York Times'' from 1964 to 1965. He was a Junior Fellow in the Harvard Society of Fellows from 1965 to 1968. Joining the Princeton University faculty in 1968, he was appointed Shelby Cullom Davis Professor of European History and was awarded a MacArthur Fellowship in 1982. He was president of the International Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies from 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Menocchio
Menocchio (''Domenico Scandella'', 1532–1599) was a miller from Montereale Valcellina, Italy, who was tried for heresy by the Roman Inquisition for his unorthodox religious views and then was burnt at the stake in 1599. The 16th-century life and medieval religious beliefs of Menocchio are known from the records of the Inquisition, and are the subject of ''The Cheese and the Worms'' (1976) by Carlo Ginzburg, as well as of the stageplay ''Menocchio'' (2002) by Lillian Garrett-Groag and the film ''Menocchio'' (''Menocchio the Heretic'') (2018) by Alberto Fasulo. Biography His parents were Zuane and Menega. He lived most of his life in Montereale, except for two years when he was banished from the town for brawling. He had learned to read and read a number of contemporary works on religion and history. From these, he developed his religious views that departed substantially from Catholic orthodoxy of the time. He was first tried for heresy in 1583, and abjured his statements in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Cheese And The Worms
''The Cheese and the Worms'' () is a scholarly work by the Italian historian Carlo Ginzburg, published in 1976. The book is a notable example of the history of mentalities, microhistory, and cultural history. It has been called "probably the most popular and widely read work of microhistory". The study examines the unique religious beliefs and cosmogony of Menocchio (1532–1599), also known as Domenico Scandella, who was an Italian miller from the village of Montereale Valcellina, Montereale, 25 kilometers north of Pordenone in modern northern Italy. He was from the peasant class, and not a learned aristocrat or man of letters; Ginzburg places him in the tradition of popular culture and pre-Christian naturalistic peasant religions. Due to his outspoken beliefs, he was declared a heresiarch (heretic) and burned at the stake during the Roman Inquisition. Background Carlo Ginzburg first encountered documents related to Menocchio, Domenico Scandella, known as Menocchio, in 1963 wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Marshal, 1st Earl Of Pembroke
William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke (1146 or 1147 – 14 May 1219), also called William the Marshal (Anglo-Norman language, Norman French: ', French language, French: '), was an Anglo-Normans, Anglo-Norman soldier and statesman during High Medieval England who served five English kings: Henry II of England, Henry II and his son and co-ruler Young Henry, Richard I, John, King of England, John, and finally Henry III of England, Henry III. Knighted in 1166, William Marshal spent his younger years as a knight errant and a successful tournament (medieval), tournament competitor; Stephen Langton eulogised him as the "best knight that ever lived." In 1189, he became the ''de facto'' earl of Pembroke through his marriage to Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke, Isabel de Clare, whose parents were Aoife MacMurrough and Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke, Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. The title of earl was not officially granted until 1199, and is considered to be the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Economic History
Economic history is the study of history using methodological tools from economics or with a special attention to economic phenomena. Research is conducted using a combination of historical methods, statistical methods and the Applied economics, application of economic theory to historical situations and institutions. The field can encompass a wide variety of topics, including equality, finance, technology, labour, and business. It emphasizes historicizing the economy itself, analyzing it as a dynamic entity and attempting to provide insights into the way it is structured and conceived. Using both quantitative data and Qualitative data, qualitative sources, economic historians emphasize understanding the historical context in which major economic events take place. They often focus on the institutional dynamics of systems of Production (economics), production, Wage labour, labor, and Capital (economics), capital, as well as the economy's impact on society, culture, and language. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
