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History Of Belém
The History of Belém refers to the history of this Brazilian municipality in the North Region, Brazil, Northern Region of the country, the capital of the state of Pará, which had its origins in the 17th century in the indigenous region of Mairi, located 160 km from the equator. Overview Until the beginning of the sixteenth century, Portuguese Empire, Portugal showed no interest in the lands located at the mouth of the Amazon River; a fact possibly linked to the policies adopted by the royal courts of the first expansionist phase, more concerned with expanding their domains along the African coast and the East. However, the succession crisis that led to the Iberian Union, union of the courts of Portugal and Spain, coupled with the threat of Piracy, pirates and smugglers in the region near the equator, implied a change of attitude beyond the Treaty of Tordesillas. This accelerated a response in military terms materialized in expeditions for the expulsion of the invaders and t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Region, Brazil
The North Region of Brazil ( ) is the largest region of Brazil, accounting for 45.27% of the national territory. It has the second-lowest population of any region in the country, and accounts for a minor percentage of the national GDP. The region is slightly larger than India and slightly smaller than the whole European Union. It comprises the states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima, and Tocantins. It has the lowest population density out of all the regions of Brazil, with only 4.5 inhabitants per km2. Most of the population is centered in urban areas. Belém International Airport and Manaus International Airport connect the North Region with many Brazilian cities and also operate some international flights. The region is home to the Federal University of Amazonas and the Federal University of Pará, among others. History The first inhabitants of the North Region, as in the rest of Brazil, were the Native Brazilians, who shared a diverse number of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philip III Of Spain
Philip III (; 14 April 1578 – 31 March 1621) was King of Spain and King of Portugal, Portugal (where he is known as Philip II of Portugal) during the Iberian Union. His reign lasted from 1598 until his death in 1621. He held dominion over the Spanish Netherlands, Naples, Sicily, Sardinia, and the Duchy of Milan during the same period. A member of the House of Habsburg, Philip III was born in Madrid to King Philip II of Spain and his fourth wife, Anna of Austria (1549–1580), Anna of Austria. The family was heavily Inbreeding, inbred; Philip II and Anna were related both as uncle and niece, as well as cousins. Philip III married his cousin Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain, Margaret of Austria, the sister of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor. Although known in Spain as Philip the Pious, his political reputation internationally has generally been negative. Historians C. V. Wedgwood, R. Stradling and J. H. Elliott have described him, respectively, as an "undistinguished and insi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Land Reclamation
Land reclamation, often known as reclamation, and also known as land fill (not to be confused with a waste landfill), is the process of creating new Terrestrial ecoregion, land from oceans, list of seas, seas, Stream bed, riverbeds or lake beds. The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground, reclaimed land, or land fill. History In ancient Egypt, the rulers of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt, Twelfth Dynasty (c. 2000–1800 BC) undertook a far-sighted land reclamation scheme to increase agricultural output. They constructed levees and canals to connect the Faiyum Oasis, Faiyum with the Bahr Yussef waterway, diverting water that would have flowed into Lake Moeris and causing gradual evaporation around the lake's edges, creating new farmland from the reclaimed land. A similar land reclamation system using dams and drainage canals was used in the Greek Lake Copais, Copaic Basin during the Middle Helladic period, Middle Helladic Period (c. 1900–1600 BC). Another early large-s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Our Lady Of Grace Cathedral, Belém
The Our Lady of Grace Cathedral () also called Catedral Nossa Senhora de Belém. It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Belém do Pará and is located in the old quarter of the city in Belém in Brazil. The cathedral is dedicated to Our Lady of Grace, and dates to the earliest settlement of the Portuguese in Belém. The first chapel dedicated to Our Lady of Grace was a temporary structure inside the Presépio Fort; it was moved to a large square in front of the fort. The current structure, the third, was built in the Baroque style, but was later modified with numerous Neoclassical architecture elements by the architect João Landi (Giuseppe Antonio Landi). The cathedral was listed as a historic structure by the National Historic and Artistic Heritage Institute in 1940. History The first chapel was built in Belém in the Presépio Fort (''Forte do Presépio'') in 1616. It was a temporary structure and was dedicated to Our Lady of Grace. A few years later it was tra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Forte Do Presépio
Forte do Presépio (formally Forte do Castelo do Senhor Santo Cristo do Presépio de Belém) is a fort located in Belém, Pará, Brazil. It was built in 1616 by Francisco Caldeira Castelo Branco at Maúri Point, a promontory on the right bank of the mouth of the Guamá River and Guajará Bay. The first chapel in Belém was located in the fort. It was a temporary structure and was dedicated to Our Lady of Grace Our Lady of Grace is a Titles of Mary, Title of Mary. The feast day associated with this title is February 7. The title of Our Lady of Grace is venerated in many countries throughout the world under various aspects. Many parishes, churches, and sc ..., and was moved a few years later to the current Largo da Sé, and became the Cathedral of Our Lady of Grace in the 18th century. The fort was listed as a historic structure by the National Historic and Artistic Heritage Institute in 1961. See also * Military history of Brazil * Tupinambás Uprising References External ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marajoara Culture
The Marajoara or Marajó culture was an ancient Pre-Cabraline history of Brazil, pre-Cabraline era culture that flourished on Marajó, Marajó island at the mouth of the Amazon River in northern Brazil. In a survey, Charles C. Mann suggests the culture appeared to flourish between 800 AD and 1400 AD, based on archeological studies. Researchers have documented that there was human activity at these sites as early as 1000 BC. The culture seems to have persisted into the colonial era. Background Archeologists have found sophisticated pottery in their excavations on the island. These pieces are large, and elaborately painted and incised with representations of plants and animals. These provided the first evidence that a complex society had existed on Marajó. Evidence of mound building further suggests that well-populated, complex and sophisticated settlements developed on this island, as only such settlements were believed capable of such extended projects as major earthworks. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Captaincies Of Brazil
The Captaincies of Brazil () were captaincies of the Portuguese Empire, administrative divisions and Fief, hereditary fiefs of Portugal in the colony of ''Ilha de Vera Cruz, Terra de Santa Cruz'', later called Colonial Brazil, Brazil, on the Atlantic coast of northeastern South America. Each was granted to a single donee, a Portugal, Portuguese nobleman who was given the title captain General. Beginning in the early 16th century, the List of Portuguese monarchs, Portuguese monarchy used proprietorships or captaincies—land grants with extensive governing privileges—as a tool to colonize new lands. Prior to the grants in Brazil, the captaincy system had been successfully used in territories claimed by Portugal—-notably including Madeira, the Azores, and other Atlantic islands. In contrast to the generally successful Atlantic captaincies, of all the captaincies of Brazil, only two, the captaincies of Captaincy of Pernambuco, Pernambuco and Captaincy of São Vicente, São Vice ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manuel I Of Portugal
Manuel I (; 31 May 146913 December 1521), known as the Fortunate (), was King of Portugal from 1495 to 1521. A member of the House of Aviz, Manuel was Duke of Beja and Viseu prior to succeeding his cousin, John II of Portugal, as monarch. Manuel ruled over a period of intensive expansion of the Portuguese Empire owing to the numerous Portuguese discoveries made during his reign. His sponsorship of Vasco da Gama led to the Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India in 1498, resulting in the creation of the Portuguese India Armadas, which guaranteed Portugal's monopoly on the spice trade. Manuel began the Portuguese colonization of the Americas and Portuguese India, and oversaw the establishment of a vast trade empire across Africa and Asia. Manuel established the Casa da Índia, a royal institution that managed Portugal's monopolies and its imperial expansion. He financed numerous famed Portuguese navigators, including Pedro Álvares Cabral (who discovered Brazil), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippine Dynasty
The Philippine dynasty (), also known as the House of Habsburg in Portugal, was the third royal house of Portugal. It was named after the three Habsburg Spanish kings, all named Philip (; , ), who ruled Portugal between 1581 and 1640 under the Iberian Union, a dynastic union of the crowns of Spain and Portugal. The dynasty's kings were Philip I, Philip II and Philip III. The history of Portugal from the 1580 succession crisis to the House of Braganza monarchs was a period of transition. At its beginning, under the House of Aviz, the Portuguese Empire spice trade was near its height. It continued to enjoy widespread influence after Vasco da Gama reached the East Indies by sailing around Africa in 1497–1498. Vasco da Gama's achievement completed the exploratory efforts inaugurated by Henry the Navigator, and opened an oceanic route for the profitable spice trade into Europe that bypassed the Middle East. Throughout the 17th century, the increasing predations and bele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cacique
A cacique, sometimes spelled as cazique (; ; feminine form: ), was a tribal chieftain of the Taíno people, who were the Indigenous inhabitants of the Bahamas, the Greater Antilles, and the northern Lesser Antilles at the time of European contact with those places. The term is a Spanish transliteration of the Taíno word . Cacique was initially translated as "king" or "prince" for the Spanish. In the colonial era, the conquistadors and the administrators who followed them used the word generically to refer to any leader of practically any indigenous group they encountered in the Western Hemisphere. In Hispanic and Lusophone countries, the term has also come to mean a political boss, similar to a ''caudillo,'' exercising power in a system of caciquism. Spanish colonial-era caciques The Taíno word descends from the Taíno word , which means "to keep house". In 1555 the word first entered the English language, defined as "prince". In Taíno culture, the rank was heredita ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tupinambá People
The Tupinambá ( Tupinambás) are one of the various Tupi ethnic groups that inhabit present-day Brazil, and who had been living there long before the conquest of the region by Portuguese colonial settlers. The name Tupinambá was also applied to other Tupi-speaking groups, such as the Tupiniquim, Potiguara, Tupinambá, Temiminó, Caeté, Tabajara, Tamoio, and Tupinaé, among others. Before and during their first contact with the Portuguese, the Tupinambás had been living along the entire Eastern Atlantic coast of Brazil. In a sense, the name can be applied exclusively to the Tupinambás who once-inhabited the right shore of the São Francisco River (in the Recôncavo Baiano, Bahia), and from the Cabo de São Tomé (in Rio de Janeiro) to the town of São Sebastião (in São Paulo). Their language survives today in the form of Nheengatu. In the 21st century, the Tupinambá people live in Pará, and the southern region of Bahia, around Olivença, Alagoas. The Tupinamb� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conquest Of Pará
Conquest involves the annexation or control of another entity's territory through war or coercion. Historically, conquests occurred frequently in the international system, and there were limited normative or legal prohibitions against conquest. The onset and diffusion of nationalism (the belief that nation and state should be congruent), especially in the 19th century, made the idea of conquest increasingly unacceptable to popular opinion. Prohibitions against conquest were codified with the establishment of the League of Nations following World War I and of the United Nations at the end of World War II. Scholars have debated the strength of a norm against conquest since 1945. Conquest of large swaths of territory has been rare since the end of World War II. However, states have continued to pursue annexation of small territories. History Military history provides many examples of conquest: the Roman conquest of Britain, the Mauryan conquest of Afghanistan and of vast areas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
