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Helmut Müller-Enbergs
Helmut Müller-Enbergs (born Haltern/North Rhine-Westphalia, NRW 1960) is a German political scientist who has written extensively on the Stasi and related aspects of the German Democratic Republic's history. Life Müller-Enbergs studied Political sciences between 1986 and 1989, initially at the University of Münster, "Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität“ in Münster and subsequently at the Otto-Suhr-Institut, Otto Suhr Institute (part of the Free University of Berlin). From 1986 till 1989 he was a research student, later becoming a research assistant at the Free University of Berlin, Free University's Central Research Institute. Meanwhile, he turned up as a press spokesperson for the Alliance 90, "Bündnis 90" (moderate) political grouping in the Landtag of Brandenburg, Brandenburg regional parliament, where he also provided technical support to the Manfred Stolpe, Stolpe :de:Untersuchungsausschuss, committee of enquiry. Since 1992 he has been a research officer with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haltern
Haltern am See (''Haltern at the lake'', before December 2001 only Haltern) is a medium-sized town in the northern part of the district of Recklinghausen in the ''Regierungsbezirk'' Münster in North Rhine-Westphalia. The town is located in the northern Ruhr area, directly bordering the Münsterland region. In terms of natural geography, it belongs to the Westmünsterland. The town is about north of Düsseldorf. Haltern is surrounded by the and forest areas and is sparsely industrialized. The and the Haard, Borkenberge, and Hohe Mark forest areas are popular local recreation areas. Geography and Nature Haltern am See is a picturesque city in western Germany with an abundance of natural beauty in its surroundings. The city is situated on the shores of the Halterner Stausee, which is a popular destination for swimming, boating, and hiking. The area around the lake is characterized by lush green forests, rolling hills, and sprawling meadows. The town is surrounded by several n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Ann Arbor is a city in Washtenaw County, Michigan, United States, and its county seat. The 2020 United States census, 2020 census recorded its population to be 123,851, making it the List of municipalities in Michigan, fifth-most populous city in Michigan. Located on the Huron River, Ann Arbor is the principal city of its Metropolitan statistical area, metropolitan area, which encompasses all of Washtenaw County and had 372,258 residents in 2020. Ann Arbor is included in the Metro Detroit, Detroit–Warren–Ann Arbor combined statistical area and the Great Lakes megalopolis. Ann Arbor was founded in 1824 by John Allen (pioneer), John Allen and Elisha Rumsey. It was named after the wives of the village's founders, both named Ann, and the stands of Quercus macrocarpa, bur oak trees they found at the site of the town. The University of Michigan was established in Ann Arbor in 1837, and the city's population grew at a rapid rate in the early to mid-20th century. A college town, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Michigan
The University of Michigan (U-M, U of M, or Michigan) is a public university, public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. Founded in 1817, it is the oldest institution of higher education in the state. The University of Michigan is one of the earliest American research universities and is a founding member of the Association of American Universities. In the fall of 2023, the university employed 8,189 faculty members and enrolled 52,065 students in its programs. The university is Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". It consists of nineteen colleges and offers 250 degree programs at the undergraduate and graduate levels. The university is Higher education accreditation in the United States, accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. In 2021, it ranked third among American universities in List of countries by research and development spending, research expe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemnitz
Chemnitz (; from 1953 to 1990: Karl-Marx-Stadt (); ; ) is the third-largest city in the Germany, German States of Germany, state of Saxony after Leipzig and Dresden, and the fourth-largest city in the area of former East Germany after (East Berlin, East) Berlin, Leipzig, and Dresden. The city lies in the middle of a string of cities sitting in the densely populated northern Ore Mountain Foreland, foreland of the Elster Mountains, Elster and Ore Mountains, stretching from Plauen in the southwest via Zwickau, Chemnitz and Freiberg to Dresden in the northeast, and is part of the Central German Metropolitan Region. Located in the Ore Mountain Basin, the city is surrounded by the Ore Mountains to the south and the Central Saxon Hills, Central Saxon Hill Country to the north. The city stands on the Chemnitz River, which is formed through the confluence of the rivers Zwönitz (river), Zwönitz and Würschnitz in the borough of Altchemnitz. The name of the city as well as the names o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemnitz University Of Technology
Chemnitz University of Technology () is a public university in Chemnitz, Germany. With around 8,300 students, it is the third largest university in Saxony. It was founded in 1836 as ''Königliche Gewerbschule'' (Royal Mercantile College) and was elevated to a ''Technische Hochschule'', a university of technology, in 1963. With approximately 2,400 employees in science, engineering and management, Chemnitz University of Technology is among the most important employers in the region. History Foundation The tradition of science in this region goes back to the 16th century when Georg Agricola (1494–1555), a famous German scholar of minerals, served as the city's mayor. Historically, the university emerged from the ''Gewerbschule'' (trade school) founded in 1836. One year later, a ''Baugewerkenschule'' (school for the building trades) became affiliated with the ''Königliche Gewerbschule'' (Royal Trade School), which was followed by a ''Königliche Werkmeisterschule'' (Royal Sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Terrorism
Terrorism, in its broadest sense, is the use of violence against non-combatants to achieve political or ideological aims. The term is used in this regard primarily to refer to intentional violence during peacetime or in the context of war against non-combatants. There are various different definitions of terrorism, with no universal agreement about it. Different definitions of terrorism emphasize its randomness, its aim to instill fear, and its broader impact beyond its immediate victims. Modern terrorism, evolving from earlier iterations, employs various tactics to pursue political goals, often leveraging fear as a strategic tool to influence decision makers. By targeting densely populated public areas such as transportation hubs, airports, shopping centers, tourist attractions, and nightlife venues, terrorists aim to instill widespread insecurity, prompting Public policy, policy changes through Manipulation (psychology), psychological manipulation and undermining confidence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Extremism
Extremism is "the quality or state of being extreme" or "the advocacy of extreme measures or views". The term is primarily used in a political or religious sense to refer to an ideology that is considered (by the speaker or by some implied shared social consensus) to be far outside the mainstream attitudes of society. It can also be used in an economic context. The term may be used pejoratively by opposing groups, but is also used in academic and journalistic circles in a purely descriptive and non-condemning sense. Extremists' views are typically contrasted with those of moderates. In Western countries, for example, in contemporary discourse on Islam or on Islamic political movements, the distinction between extremist and moderate Muslims is commonly stressed. Political agendas perceived as extremist often include those from the far-left politics or far-right politics, as well as radicalism, reactionism, chauvinism, fundamentalism, and fanaticism. Definitions P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eckhard Jesse
Eckhard Jesse (born 16 July 1948) is a German political scientist. Born in Wurzen, Saxony, he held the chair for "political systems and political institutions" at the Technical University of Chemnitz from 1993 to 2014. Jesse is one of the best known German political scholars in the field of extremism and terrorism studies. He has also specialized in the study of German political parties and the German political system. Together with Uwe Backes, director of the Hannah Arendt Institute for the Research on Totalitarianism, he has edited the ''Yearbook Extremism & Democracy'' since 1989; it has become a classic for terrorism scholars. He is one of the founders of the Veldensteiner group on extremism and democracy research. Jesse writes extensively about extremism and political parties in several German newspapers. " ''Munzin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Espionage
Espionage, spying, or intelligence gathering, as a subfield of the intelligence field, is the act of obtaining secret or confidential information ( intelligence). A person who commits espionage on a mission-specific contract is called an ''espionage agent'' or ''spy''. A person who commits espionage as a fully employed officer of a government is called an intelligence officer. Any individual or spy ring (a cooperating group of spies), in the service of a government, company, criminal organization, or independent operation, can commit espionage. The practice is clandestine, as it is by definition unwelcome. In some circumstances, it may be a legal tool of law enforcement and in others, it may be illegal and punishable by law. Espionage is often part of an institutional effort by a government or commercial concern. However, the term tends to be associated with state spying on potential or actual enemies for military purposes. Spying involving corporations is known as c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Germany
East Germany, officially known as the German Democratic Republic (GDR), was a country in Central Europe from Foundation of East Germany, its formation on 7 October 1949 until German reunification, its reunification with West Germany (FRG) on 3 October 1990. Until 1989, it was generally viewed as a communist state and described itself as a Socialist state, socialist "workers' and peasants' state". The Economy of East Germany, economy of the country was Central planning, centrally planned and government-owned corporation, state-owned. Although the GDR had to pay substantial war reparations to the Soviets, its economy became the most successful in the Eastern Bloc. Before its establishment, the country's territory was administered and occupied by Soviet forces following the Berlin Declaration (1945), Berlin Declaration abolishing German sovereignty in World War II. The Potsdam Agreement established the Soviet occupation zone in Germany, Soviet-occupied zone, bounded on the east b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hauptverwaltung Aufklärung
The Main Directorate for Reconnaissance (; , ) was the foreign intelligence service of the Ministry of State Security (''Stasi''), the main security agency of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), from 1955 to 1990. The HVA was an integral part of the Stasi, responsible for operations outside of East Germany such as espionage, active measures, foreign intelligence gathering, and counterintelligence against NATO-aligned countries and their intelligence agencies. The Stasi was disbanded in January 1990 and the HVA's mode of operation was revealed to the public, including its internal structure, methods, and employees. The HVA became the subject of broad interest and intensive research under the responsibilities of the Federal Commissioner for the Stasi Records. The HVA is regarded by some as the most effective foreign intelligence service during the Cold War and the second largest after Soviet Union's intelligence forces. It provided up to 80 percent of all informatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
