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Heinrich Stühmer
Heinrich Stühmer (14 January 1863 – October 1945) was a German people, German trade unionist. Born in Bünzen, near Aukrug, Stühmer was orphaned at an early age. He excelled at school and hoped to become a teacher, but could not fund the training. He eventually found a paid apprenticeship as a tailor, and in 1887 joined the Travel Support Association of German Tailors. At the time, the Anti-Socialist Laws made trade unions illegal, but the Travel Support Association fulfilled some of the same role. Stühmer was drawn to the potential of trade unions to improve pay and working conditions, and in 1888 he moved to Hamburg, then the centre of the German labour movement. In 1888, the German Union of Tailors was formed, and Stühmer was appointed as its secretary, then soon moved to become its Hamburg branch representative. In 1891, he began editing the union's newspaper, becoming the first employee of the union. He championed the formation of the International Clothing Wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German People
Germans (, ) are the natives or inhabitants of Germany, or sometimes more broadly any people who are of German descent or native speakers of the German language. The Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, constitution of Germany, implemented in 1949 following the end of World War II, defines a German as a German nationality law, German citizen. During the 19th and much of the 20th century, discussions on German identity were dominated by concepts of a common language, culture, descent, and history.. "German identity developed through a long historical process that led, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, to the definition of the German nation as both a community of descent (Volksgemeinschaft) and shared culture and experience. Today, the German language is the primary though not exclusive criterion of German identity." Today, the German language is widely seen as the primary, though not exclusive, criterion of German identity. Estimates on the total number of Germ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trade Unionist
A trade union (British English) or labor union (American English), often simply referred to as a union, is an organization of workers whose purpose is to maintain or improve the conditions of their employment, such as attaining better wages and Employee benefits, benefits, improving Work (human activity), working conditions, improving safety standards, establishing complaint procedures, developing rules governing status of employees (rules governing promotions, just-cause conditions for termination) and protecting and increasing the bargaining power of workers. Trade unions typically fund their head office and legal team functions through regularly imposed fees called ''union dues''. The union representatives in the workforce are usually made up of workplace volunteers who are often appointed by members through internal democratic elections. The trade union, through an elected leadership and bargaining committee, bargains with the employer on behalf of its members, known as t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aukrug
Aukrug is a municipality in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately 13 km west of Neumünster, and 35 km southwest of Kiel. Geography Aukrug is the seat of the '' Amt'' (collective municipality) of Aukrug. Aukrug is south of the municipality of Mörel or Gnutz, east of Hohenwestedt Hohenwestedt (Low Saxon: Wiste') is a municipality in the district of Rendsburg-Eckernförde, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated approximately 23 km south of Rendsburg, 25 km west of Neumünster and 40 km southwest of Ki ... and west of Wasbek and Ehndorf. History Innien, the oldest part of the municipality, appears in a surviving record from as far back as 1128. The name Aukrug comes from ‘in de Aukrögen’, using the Plattdeutsch (''low German'') of the region, and means something along the lines of ‘in the folds of the flood plain’. The Municipiality of Aukrug was formed on the 1st of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anti-Socialist Laws
The Anti-Socialist Laws or Socialist Laws (; officially , approximately "Law against the public danger of Social Democratic endeavours") were a series of acts of the parliament of the German Empire, the first of which was passed on 19 October 1878 by the Reichstag lasting until 31 March 1881 and extended four times (May 1880, May 1884, April 1886 and February 1888). The legislation gained support after two failed attempts to assassinate Kaiser Wilhelm I of Germany by the radicals Max Hödel and Karl Nobiling. The laws were designed by Chancellor Otto von Bismarck with the goal of reversing the growing strength of the Social Democratic Party (SPD, named SAPD at the time) which was blamed for inspiring the assassins. However, the laws caused the socialist movement to strengthen at times. This resulted in Bismarck dropping the laws and changing his coalition, eventually becoming an ally of his former enemies the Catholic Centre Party which appealed to Catholic workers who oppose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamburg
Hamburg (, ; ), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg,. is the List of cities in Germany by population, second-largest city in Germany after Berlin and List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, 7th-largest in the European Union with a population of over 1.9 million. The Hamburg Metropolitan Region has a population of over 5.1 million and is the List of EU metropolitan areas by GDP, eighth-largest metropolitan region by GDP in the European Union. At the southern tip of the Jutland Peninsula, Hamburg stands on the branching River Elbe at the head of a estuary to the North Sea, on the mouth of the Alster and Bille (Elbe), Bille. Hamburg is one of Germany's three city-states alongside Berlin and Bremen (state), Bremen, and is surrounded by Schleswig-Holstein to the north and Lower Saxony to the south. The Port of Hamburg is Germany's largest and Europe's List of busiest ports in Europe, third-largest, after Port of Rotterdam, Rotterda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Union Of Tailors
The German Clothing Workers' Union (, DBAV) was a trade union representing people involved in making clothing in Germany. The union was founded in 1888 as the German Union of Tailors. It changed its name frequently until 1894, when it became the Union of Tailors, Dressmakers and Kindred Trades. In 1907, the Union of Lingerie and Tie Workers in Germany merged in, and it renamed itself as the Union of Tailors and Dressmakers in Germany. After World War I, the union was a founding constituent of the General German Trade Union Confederation. In 1924, it was joined by the German Furriers' Union, and by 1928, it had 77,884 members. In 1933, it was banned by the Nazi government. After World War II, the Textile and Clothing Union was formed to represent clothing workers. Presidents :1888: Karl Neißler :1890: Friedrich Holzhäußer :1903: Heinrich Stühmer Heinrich Stühmer (14 January 1863 – October 1945) was a German people, German trade unionist. Born in Bünzen, near A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Clothing Workers' Federation
The International Clothing Workers' Federation (IGWF) was a global union federation representing workers involved in making and repairing clothes. History The federation was established in 1893 at a conference in Zürich. The following year, it established headquarters in Berlin, moving to Amsterdam in 1920. It held conferences in different European locations every three to four years. In 1925, the International Furriers' Secretariat merged into the organisation, giving the organisation 29 affiliates with a total of 315,000 members. The federation ceased to operate during World War II, but was re-established in 1946, based in London. In 1949, it was refounded as the International Garment Workers' Federation, which in 1960 merged with the International Federation of Textile Workers' Associations to form the International Textile and Garment Workers' Federation. Affiliates In 1954, the following unions were affiliated to the federation: Leadership General Secretaries :1894: C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War I
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Clothing Workers' Union
The German Clothing Workers' Union (, DBAV) was a trade union representing people involved in making clothing in Germany. The union was founded in 1888 as the German Union of Tailors. It changed its name frequently until 1894, when it became the Union of Tailors, Dressmakers and Kindred Trades. In 1907, the Union of Lingerie and Tie Workers in Germany merged in, and it renamed itself as the Union of Tailors and Dressmakers in Germany. After World War I, the union was a founding constituent of the General German Trade Union Confederation. In 1924, it was joined by the German Furriers' Union, and by 1928, it had 77,884 members. In 1933, it was banned by the Nazi government. After World War II, the Textile and Clothing Union was formed to represent clothing workers. Presidents :1888: Karl Neißler :1890: Friedrich Holzhäußer :1903: Heinrich Stühmer Heinrich Stühmer (14 January 1863 – October 1945) was a German people, German trade unionist. Born in Bünzen, near Au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the world's countries participated, with many nations mobilising all resources in pursuit of total war. Tanks in World War II, Tanks and Air warfare of World War II, aircraft played major roles, enabling the strategic bombing of cities and delivery of the Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, first and only nuclear weapons ever used in war. World War II is the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflict in history, causing World War II casualties, the death of 70 to 85 million people, more than half of whom were civilians. Millions died in genocides, including the Holocaust, and by massacres, starvation, and disease. After the Allied victory, Allied-occupied Germany, Germany, Allied-occupied Austria, Austria, Occupation of Japan, Japan, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clara Zetkin
Clara Zetkin (; ; ''née'' Eißner ; 5 July 1857 – 20 June 1933) was a German Marxist theorist, communist activist, and advocate for women's rights. Until 1917, she was active in the Social Democratic Party of Germany. She then joined the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) and its far-left wing, the Spartacist League, which later became the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). She represented that party in the Reichstag during the Weimar Republic from 1920 to 1933. Biography Background and education In July 1857, Clara Josephine Eißner (Eissner) was born the eldest of three children in , a peasant village in Saxony that is now part of the municipality of Königshain-Wiederau. Her father, Gottfried Eissner, was a schoolmaster, church organist and a devout Protestant. Her mother, Josephine Vitale, who had French roots, came from a middle-class family from Leipzig and was highly educated. In 1872, her family moved to Leipzig, where she was educated at the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tonnis Van Der Heeg
Tonnis van der Heeg (29 March 1886 – 15 August 1958) was a Dutch trade unionist, politician, and resistance activist. Born in Groningen, van der Heeg became a tailor. He joined the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP), inspired by his colleague, Evert Kupers, and also Progress through Brotherhood, a tailors' trade union. In 1908, he became the full-time leader of the Amsterdam district of the Union of the Clothing Industry, and he led a major, successful, strike, in 1913. In 1915, he became the union's general secretary, and then in 1918, its president. As leader of the union, van der Heeg led a series of strikes which achieved a national wage scheme resulting in increased pay, reduced hours, and sick and holiday pay. He relocated to Hilversum in 1921, winning a seat on the city council in 1926, and becoming the local party chair in 1931. Although he was a founder of the Independent Socialist Party split, he returned to the SDAP within weeks. Although he was oppos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
