Heinrich G. F. Schröder

	Heinrich G. F. Schröder Heinrich Georg Friedrich Schröder (28 September 1810 – 12 May 1885) was a German natural scientist (physicist, chemist), mathematician and educator.Alexander KipnisSchröder, Georg Friedrich Heinrich In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Band 23, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2007, , p. 564 Together with Theodor von Dusch, he was credited with the development of a method of air sterilization by filtration through cotton, used for food preservation (1853). In 1858, he published a sketch"Ueber eine optische Inversion bei Betrachtung verkehrter, durch optische Vorrichtung entworfener, physischer Bilder." In: ''Annalen der Physik und Chemie'', Band 181, Joh. Ambr. Barth, Leipzig, 1858, p. 298 about an optical illusion In visual perception, an optical illusion (also called a visual illusion) is an illusion caused by the visual system and characterized by a visual perception, percept that arguably appears to differ from reality. Illusions come in a wide varie ... which now bears his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Natural Scientist Natural science or empirical science is one of the branches of science concerned with the description, understanding and prediction of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation. Mechanisms such as peer review and reproducibility of findings are used to try to ensure the validity of scientific advances. Natural science can be divided into two main branches: life science and physical science. Life science is alternatively known as biology. Physical science is subdivided into branches: physics, astronomy, Earth science and chemistry. These branches of natural science may be further divided into more specialized branches (also known as fields). As empirical sciences, natural sciences use tools from the formal sciences, such as mathematics and logic, converting information about nature into measurements that can be explained as clear statements of the " laws of nature". Modern natural science succeeded more classical approaches to natural ph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Theodor Von Dusch Theodor von Dusch (17 September 1824 – 13 January 1890) was a German physician who was a native of Karlsruhe. He was the son of Baden statesman Alexander von Dusch (1789-1876). He studied medicine at the University of Heidelberg, where he had as instructors Jacob Henle (1809-1895), Karl von Pfeufer (1806-1869) and Maximilian Joseph von Chelius (1794-1876). He earned his doctorate in 1847, and was habilitated for medicine in 1854. In 1870 he became professor and director of the policlinic at Heidelberg. In the 1850s, with Heinrich G. F. Schröder (1810-1885), he demonstrated that a filter made of cotton-wool was effective in removing microbes such as bacteria from air. Dusch was the author of influential works involving thrombosis of cerebral sinuses ("On thrombosis of the cerebral sinuses"; translated into English in 1861), heart disease ("''Lehrbuch der Herzkrankheiten''") and diseases of the endocardium and myocardium Cardiac muscle (also called heart muscle or myocardi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Food Preservation Food preservation includes processes that make food more resistant to microorganism growth and slow the redox, oxidation of fats. This slows down the decomposition and rancidification process. Food preservation may also include processes that inhibit visual deterioration, such as the enzymatic browning reaction in apples after they are cut during food preparation. By preserving food, food waste can be reduced, which is an important way to decrease production costs and increase the efficiency of food systems, improve food security and nutrition and contribute towards environmental sustainability. For instance, it can reduce the Environmental impact of agriculture, environmental impact of food production. Many processes designed to preserve food involve more than one food preservation method. Preserving fruit by turning it into jam, for example, involves boiling (to reduce the fruit's moisture content and to kill bacteria, etc.), sugaring (to prevent their re-growth) and sealing wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Annalen Der Physik Und Chemie ''Annalen der Physik'' (English: ''Annals of Physics'') is one of the oldest scientific journals on physics; it has been published since 1799. The journal publishes original, peer-reviewed papers on experimental, theoretical, applied, and mathematical physics and related areas. The editor-in-chief is Stefan Hildebrandt. Prior to 2008, its ISO 4 abbreviation was ''Ann. Phys. (Leipzig)'', after 2008 it became ''Ann. Phys. (Berl.)''. The journal is the successor to , published from 1790 until 1794, and ', published from 1795 until 1797. The journal has been published under a variety of names (', ', ', ''Wiedemann's Annalen der Physik und Chemie'') during its history. History Originally, was published in German, then a leading scientific language. From the 1950s to the 1980s, the journal published in both German and English. Initially, only foreign authors contributed articles in English but from the 1970s German-speaking authors increasingly wrote in English in order to reach an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Optical Illusion In visual perception, an optical illusion (also called a visual illusion) is an illusion caused by the visual system and characterized by a visual perception, percept that arguably appears to differ from reality. Illusions come in a wide variety; their categorization is difficult because the underlying cause is often not clear but a classification proposed by Richard Gregory is useful as an orientation. According to that, there are three main classes: physical, physiological, and cognitive illusions, and in each class there are four kinds: Ambiguities, distortions, paradoxes, and fictions. A classical example for a physical distortion would be the apparent bending of a stick half immersed in water; an example for a physiological paradox is the motion aftereffect (where, despite movement, position remains unchanged). An example for a physiological fiction is an afterimage. Three typical cognitive distortions are the Ponzo illusion, Ponzo, Poggendorff illusion, Poggendorff, and M� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Schroeder Stairs Schroeder stairs (Schröder's stairs) is an optical illusion which is a two-dimensional drawing which may be perceived either as a drawing of a staircase leading from left to right downwards or the same staircase only turned upside down, a classical example of perspective reversal in psychology of perception. It is named after the German natural scientist Heinrich G. F. Schröder, who published it in 1858.Alwyn Scott, ''Stairway to the Mind: The Controversial New Science of Consciousness''p. 95/ref> It is sometimes called "Schouten steps", in reference to a small sheet-metal staircase given to M. C. Escher by Prof. Schouten and which was an inspiration for Escher's '' Convex and Concave''. This illusion is also seen in another Escher's work, '' Relativity''. Barile, Margherita. Schroeder Stairs', from Eric W. Weisstein's MathWorld This drawing may be variously described as an "ambiguous figure", "reversible figure Ambiguous images or reversible figures are visual forms th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	1810 Births Events January–March * January 1 – Major-General Lachlan Macquarie officially becomes Governor of New South Wales. * January 4 – Australian Seal hunting, seal hunter Frederick Hasselborough discovers Campbell Island, New Zealand, Campbell Island, in the Subantarctic. * January 12 – The marriage of Napoleon and Joséphine de Beauharnais, Joséphine is annulled. * February 13 – After seizing Jaén, Spain, Jaén, Córdoba, Spain, Córdoba, Seville and Granada, Napoleonic troops enter Málaga under the command of General Horace Sebastiani. * February 17 – Napoleon, Napoleon Bonaparte decrees that Rome would become the second capital of the First French Empire, French Empire. * February 20 – County of Tyrol, Tyrolean rebel leader Andreas Hofer is executed. * March 11 – Napoleon marries Marie-Louise of Austria by proxy in Vienna. April–June * April 2 – Napoleon Bonaparte marries Marie Louise of Austria, Duchess of Parma, in person, in Paris. * April 19 � ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	1885 Deaths Events January * January 3– 4 – Sino-French War – Battle of Núi Bop: French troops under General Oscar de Négrier defeat a numerically superior Qing Chinese force, in northern Vietnam. * January 17 – Mahdist War in Sudan – Battle of Abu Klea: British troops defeat Mahdist forces. * January 20 – American inventor LaMarcus Adna Thompson patents a roller coaster. * January 24 – Irish rebels damage Westminster Hall and the Tower of London with dynamite. * January 26 – Mahdist War in Sudan: Troops loyal to Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad conquer Khartoum; British commander Charles George Gordon is killed. February * February 5 – King Leopold II of Belgium establishes the Congo Free State, as a personal possession. * February 9 – The first Japanese arrive in Hawaii. * February 16 – Charles Dow publishes the first edition of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The index stands at a level of 62.76, and represents the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	19th-century German Physicists The 19th century began on 1 January 1801 (represented by the Roman numerals MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 (MCM). It was the 9th century of the 2nd millennium. It was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was abolished in much of Europe and the Americas. The First Industrial Revolution, though it began in the late 18th century, expanded beyond its British homeland for the first time during the 19th century, particularly remaking the economies and societies of the Low Countries, France, the Rhineland, Northern Italy, and the Northeastern United States. A few decades later, the Second Industrial Revolution led to ever more massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit, and prosperity, a pattern that continued into the 20th century. The Catholic Church, in response to the growing influence and power of modernism, secularism and materialism, formed the First Vatican Council in the late 19th century to deal with such problems and confirm ce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]