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Haplogroup D (mtDNA)
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup D is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. It is a descendant haplogroup of haplogroup M, thought to have arisen somewhere in East Asia, between roughly 60,000 and 35,000 years ago (in the Late Pleistocene, before the Last Glacial Maximum and the settlement of the Americas). estimated at ( 95% CI) in: In contemporary populations, it is found especially in Central and Northeast Asia. Haplogroup D (more specifically, subclade D4) is one of five main haplogroups found in the indigenous peoples of the Americas, the others being A, B, C, and X. Among the Nepalese population, haplogroup D is the most dominant maternal lineage in Tamang (26.1%) and Magar (24.3%). Subclades There are two principal branches, D4 and D5'6. D1, D2 and D3 are subclades of D4. D4 D1 is a basal branch of D4 that is widespread and diverse in the Americas. Subclades D4b1, D4e1, and D4h are found both in Asia and in the Americas and are thus of s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Haplogroup
In human genetics, a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by differences in human mitochondrial DNA. Haplogroups are used to represent the major branch points on the mitochondrial phylogenetic tree. Understanding the evolutionary path of the female lineage has helped population geneticists trace the matrilineal inheritance of modern humans back to human origins in Africa and the subsequent spread around the globe. The letter names of the haplogroups (not just mitochondrial DNA haplogroups) run from A to Z. As haplogroups were named in the order of their discovery, the alphabetical ordering does not have any meaning in terms of actual genetic relationships. The hypothetical woman at the root of all these groups (meaning just the mitochondrial DNA haplogroups) is the matrilineal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) for all currently living humans. She is commonly called Mitochondrial Eve. The rate at which mitochondrial DNA mutates is known as the mitochond ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
East Asia
East Asia is a geocultural region of Asia. It includes China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan, plus two special administrative regions of China, Hong Kong and Macau. The economies of Economy of China, China, Economy of Japan, Japan, Economy of South Korea, South Korea, and Economy of Taiwan, Taiwan are among the world's largest and most prosperous. East Asia borders North Asia to the north, Southeast Asia to the south, South Asia to the southwest, and Central Asia to the west. To its east is the Pacific Ocean. East Asia, especially History of China, Chinese civilization, is regarded as one of the earliest Cradle of civilization#China, cradles of civilization. Other ancient civilizations in East Asia that still exist as independent countries in the present day include the History of Japan, Japanese, History of Korea, Korean, and History of Mongolia, Mongolian civilizations. Various other civilizations existed as independent polities in East Asia in the past ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Koreans
Koreans are an East Asian ethnic group native to the Korean Peninsula. The majority of Koreans live in the two Korean sovereign states of North and South Korea, which are collectively referred to as Korea. As of 2021, an estimated 7.3 million ethnic Korean diaspora, Koreans resided outside of Korea. Koreans are also an officially recognised ethnic minority in other several Continental and East Asian countries, including Koreans in China, China, Koreans in Japan, Japan, Koryo-saram, Kazakhstan, Koryo-saram, Russia, and Koryo-saram, Uzbekistan. Outside of Continental and East Asia, sizeable Korean communities have formed in Koreans in Germany, Germany, the British Koreans, United Kingdom, Koreans in France, France, the Korean Americans, United States, Korean Canadians, Canada, Korean Australians, Australia, and Korean New Zealanders, New Zealand. Etymology South Koreans refer to themselves as ''Hanguk-in'' or ''Hanguk-saram'', both of which mean "people of the Han". The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sakhalin
Sakhalin ( rus, Сахали́н, p=səxɐˈlʲin) is an island in Northeast Asia. Its north coast lies off the southeastern coast of Khabarovsk Krai in Russia, while its southern tip lies north of the Japanese island of Hokkaido. An island of the West Pacific, Sakhalin divides the Sea of Okhotsk to its east from the Sea of Japan to its southwest. It is administered as part of Sakhalin Oblast and is the largest island of Russia, with an area of . The island has a population of roughly 500,000, the majority of whom are Russians. The indigenous peoples of the island are the Ainu, Oroks, and Nivkhs, who are now present in very small numbers. The island's name is derived from the Manchu word ''Sahaliyan'' (), which was the name of the Qing dynasty city of Aigun. The Ainu people of Sakhalin paid tribute to the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties and accepted official appointments from them. Sometimes the relationship was forced but control from dynasties in China was loose ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orok People
Oroks (''Ороки'' in Russian; self-designation: ''Ulta, Ulcha''), sometimes called Uilta, are a people in the Sakhalin Oblast (mainly the eastern part of the island) in Russia. The Orok language belongs to the Southern group of the Tungusic language family. According to the 2002 Russian census, there were 346 Oroks living in Northern Sakhalin by the Okhotsk Sea and Southern Sakhalin in the district by the city of Poronaysk. According to the 2010 census there were 295 Oroks in Russia. Etymology The name Orok is believed to derive from the exonym ''Oro'' given by a Tungusic group meaning "a domestic reindeer". The Orok self-designation endonym is ''Ul'ta'', probably from the root ''Ula'' (meaning "domestic reindeer" in Orok). Another self-designation is ''Nani''. Occasionally, the Oroks, as well as the Orochs and Udege, are erroneously called Orochons. The Uilta Association in Japan claims that the term Orok has a derogatory connotation. Population and settlement The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oroqen Autonomous Banner
Oroqen Autonomous Banner ( Oroqen: ɔrɔtʃeenŋi buwaan; Mongolian: ; zh, s=鄂伦春自治旗) is an autonomous banner that lies east of the urban district of Hailar in the prefecture-level city of Hulunbuir. It covers an area Area is the measure of a region's size on a surface. The area of a plane region or ''plane area'' refers to the area of a shape or planar lamina, while '' surface area'' refers to the area of an open surface or the boundary of a three-di ... of . , there were 223,752 inhabitants with a population density of 4.84 inhabitants per km2. Administrative divisions Oroqen Autonomous Banner is made up of 8 towns and 2 townships. The banner's seat of government is located in Alihe (Ali Gol). In addition, Oroqen Autonomous Banner claims jurisdiction over Jagdaqi and Songling District; technically however, the two districts are ''de facto'' under the jurisdiction of Daxing'anling Prefecture, Heilongjiang Province. The government of Hulunbuir ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oroqen People
The Oroqen or Orochen people ( Oroqen:; ; Mongolian: ) are an ethnic group in northern China. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. The Oroqen people are largely concentrated in the northern Chinese provinces of Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia, which are home to 45.54% and 41.94% of the 8,259 Oroqen people living in China. The Oroqen Autonomous Banner is also located in Inner Mongolia. The Oroqens are mainly hunters, and customarily use animal fur and skins for clothing. Many of them have given up hunting and adhered to laws that aimed to protect wildlife in the People's Republic of China. The government has provided modern dwellings for those who have left behind the traditional way of life. The Oroqen are represented in the People's Congress by their own delegate and are a recognized ethnic minority. In the Russian Empire, various peoples in various places were called Orochen (; orthography before Soviet reform), in sev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Barag Left Banner
New Barag Left Banner (Mongolian: ; zh, s=新巴尔虎左旗) is a banner of Inner Mongolia, China, bordering Mongolia to the south. It is under the administration of Hulunbuir City. Administrative divisions New Barag Left Banner is made up of 2 towns A town is a type of a human settlement, generally larger than a village but smaller than a city. The criteria for distinguishing a town vary globally, often depending on factors such as population size, economic character, administrative stat ... and 5 ethnic sums. Climate References www.xzqh.org Banners of Inner Mongolia Hulunbuir Long stubs with short prose {{InnerMongolia-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evenks
The Evenki, also known as the Evenks and formerly as the Tungus, are a Tungusic peoples, Tungusic people of North Asia. In Russia, the Evenki are recognised as one of the Indigenous peoples of the Russian North, indigenous peoples of the Russian North, with a population of 38,396 (Russian Census (2010), 2010 census). In China, the Evenki form one of the List of Chinese ethnic groups, 56 ethnic groups officially recognised by the People's Republic of China, with a population of 30,875 (Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China, 2010 census). There are 537 Evenki in Mongolia (2015 census), called ''Khamnigan'' in the Mongolian language. Origin The Evenki or Ewenki are sometimes conjectured to be connected to the Shiwei people who inhabited the Greater Khingan Range in the 5th to 9th centuries, although the native land of the majority of Evenki people is in the vast regions of Siberia between Lake Baikal and the Amur River. The Evenki language forms the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mongols In China
Mongols in China, also known as Mongolian Chinese or Chinese Mongols, are ethnic Mongols who live in China. They are one of the List of ethnic groups in China#Ethnic groups recognized by the People's Republic of China, 56 ethnic groups recognized by the Chinese government. As of 2020, there are 6,290,204 Mongols in China, a 0.45% increase from the 2010 national census. Most of them live in Inner Mongolia, Northeast China, Xinjiang and Qinghai. The Mongol population in China is nearly twice as much as that of the sovereign state of Mongolia. Distribution The Mongols in China are divided between autonomous regions and provinces as follows: * 68.72%: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region * 11.52%: Liaoning Province * 2.96%: Jilin Province * 2.92%: Hebei Province * 2.58%: Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region * 2.43%: Heilongjiang Province * 1.48%: Qinghai Province * 1.41%: Henan Province * 5.98%: Rest of PRC Besides the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, there are other Mongol autonomo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barga Mongols
The Barga (Mongol: Барга; ) are a subgroup of the Buryats which gave its name to the Baikal region – "Bargujin-Tukum" (Bargujin Tökhöm) – "the land's end", according to the conception of Mongol peoples in the 13th and 14th centuries. History In the 7–8th centuries, ancestors of Bargas, the Bayirku, a Turkic tribe appeared as tribes near Lake Baikal, named Bargujin. The ''Old Book of Tang'' recorded various names, including "拔野古", "拔野固", and "拔曳固". Genghis Khan's ancestor Alan Gua was of Barga ancestry. In the Mongol Empire, they served the Great Khans' armies. One of them named Ambaghai commanded the artillery. Manlaibaatar Damdinsüren and Khorloogiin Choibalsan were famous military commanders from Barga in the early 20th century. Xianbei period The Barga supported the Xianbei invasion of China and provided 8,000 horse cavalry. Second Turkic khaganate period The Barga (Bayegu) had revolted in 707. These revolts continued until 716 and Qa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hulunbuir
Hulunbuir or Hulun Buir, ''Hūlúnbèi'ěr''; , ''Khulunbuir'' is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China. Its administrative center is located at Hailar District, its largest urban area. Major scenic features are the high steppes of the Hulun Buir grasslands, the Hulun and Buir lakes (the latter partially in Mongolia), and the Khingan range. Hulun Buir borders Russia to the north and west, Mongolia to the south and west, Heilongjiang province to the east and Hinggan League to the direct south. Hulunbuir is a linguistically diverse area: next to Mandarin Chinese, Mongolian dialects such as Khorchin and Buryat, the Mongolic language Daur, and some Tungusic languages, including Oroqen and Solon, are spoken there. History During the Qing dynasty (1644–1912), Hulunbuir was part of Heilongjiang province. The 1858 Treaty of Aigun established today's approximate Sino-Russian border, at a great loss to Heilongjiang's territory. In 1901, the Chinese E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
