|
Hackescher Markt
("Hacke's Market") is a square in the central Mitte locality of Berlin, Germany, situated at the eastern end of Oranienburger Strasse. It is an important transport hub and a starting point for the city's nightlife. Overview Originally a marsh north of the city fortifications on the road to Spandau, the Prussian king Frederick the Great about 1750 had a market square laid out under the surveillance of Townmajor Hans Christoph Friedrich Graf von Hacke in the course of a northern town expansion. It was officially named after Hacke on 23 July 1840. In 1882 the area received access to the railway line at Berlin Hackescher Markt station, then called after the nearby stock exchange. The station was renamed during the GDR era. The railway tracks of the S-Bahn along the eastern and northern sections of between the stations and are built where the ramparts, walls, moats and glacis of the Berlin Fortress, a 17th century bastion fort around the historic city limits, had been. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berlin Hackescher Markt Station
Berlin Hackescher Markt is a railway station in the Mitte district of Berlin, Germany. It is named after the adjacent ''Hackescher Markt'' square. Overview The station is located on the elevated Berlin Stadtbahn line, which crosses central Berlin from east to west. The Stadtbahn carries local Berlin S-Bahn, S-Bahn services on one pair of tracks, and longer distance services on another pair. Hackescher Markt station is served by S-Bahn lines , , and . Longer distance services pass the station without stopping. The station opened in 1882 and was originally named ''Börse'' (stock exchange) and then ''Marx-Engels-Platz'' during the East Germany, GDR era. In 1992 it received the name ''Hackescher Markt'' from the adjacent square. Following the demolition of the Berlin Hauptbahnhof#Lehrter Stadtbahnhof from 1882 to 2002, Lehrter Stadtbahnhof (architecturally similar and previously Listed building, listed), with Berlin Bellevue railway station, Bellevue it is now one of only two Stadt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berlin S-Bahn
The Berlin S-Bahn () is a rapid transit railway system that services the reigon in and around Berlin, the capital city of Germany. It has been in operation under the name since December 1930, having been previously called the special tariff area ('Berlin city, orbital, and suburban railways'). It complements the Berlin U-Bahn and is the link to many outer-Berlin areas, such as Berlin Brandenburg Airport. As such, the Berlin S-Bahn blends elements of a commuter rail service and a rapid transit system. In its first decades of operation, the trains were steam-drawn; even after the railway electrification system, electrification of large parts of the network, some lines remained under steam. Today, the term ''S-Bahn'' is used in Berlin only for those lines and trains with Third rail, third-rail electrical power transmission and the special Berlin S-Bahn loading gauge. The third unique technical feature of the Berlin S-Bahn, the automated mechanical train control (works very similar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berliner Börse
Berliner is most often used to designate a citizen of Berlin, Germany Berliner may also refer to: People * Berliner (surname) Places * Berliner Lake, a lake in Minnesota, United States * Berliner Philharmonie, concert hall in Berlin, Germany * Berliner See, a lake in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany * Berliner Straße (other), multiple streets in Germany with the name Arts, entertainment, media * Berliner (format), a paper size in newspapers * '' Berliner Abendblatt'', the leading weekly newspaper in Berlin * Berliner Ensemble, a German theatre company * ''Berliner Kurier'', a regional daily tabloid * '' Berliner Messe'', or ''Berlin Mass'', a mass by Arvo Pärt * ''Berliner Morgenpost'', 2nd most read newspaper in Berlin * Berliner Symphoniker, symphony orchestra in Berlin * '' Berliner Verkehrsblätter'', a journal on public transport in Berlin * '' Berliner Woche'', advertising weekly in Berlin * ''Berliner Zeitung'', daily newspaper in Berlin * ''The Berliner'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Night Bus Service
Night service, sometimes also known as owl service, is a mode of public transport service operated during the night hours. As an intermediate approach – between providing full service around the clock and stopping services altogether – it provides more limited service during times of lower passenger volume, saving resources and allowing for maintenance on primary transportation systems. They typically offer fewer routes and less frequent service. Night-based services may be differently branded compared to daytime services. Examples are London and Chicago, where overnight buses are prefixed with an "N" for "night". Another common way to distinguish night services from their daytime counterparts is dark-colored line numbers. Some cities apply a different fare structure for night services from their daytime services. Characteristics 24-hour, continuous rapid transit operation is practiced in some cities, most notably the subway in New York City, which essentially renders n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berlin Tram
The Berlin tramway () is the main tram system in Berlin, Germany. It is one of the oldest tram networks in the world, dating back to 1865 and is operated by (BVG), which was founded in 1929. It is notable for being the third-largest tram system in the world, after Melbourne and St. Petersburg. Berlin's tram system is made up of 22 lines that operate across a standard gauge network, with almost 800 stops and measuring almost in route length and in line length. Nine of the lines, called Metrotram, operate 24 hours a day and are identified with the letter "M" before their number; the other thirteen lines are regular city tram lines and are identified by just a line number. Most of the current network is within the confines of the former East Berlin, as tram lines within West Berlin were replaced by buses during the division of Berlin. However, the first extension into West Berlin opened in 1994 on today's M13. In the eastern vicinity of the city there are also th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hackesche Höfe
The Hackesche Höfe () is a notable courtyard complex situated adjacent to the Hackescher Markt in the centre of Berlin. The complex consists of eight interconnected courtyards, accessed through a main arched entrance at number 40 Rosenthaler Straße. The complex was designed in the Jugendstil (or Art Nouveau) style by August Endell August Endell (April 12, 1871 – April 13, 1925) was a designer, writer, teacher, and German architect. He was one of the founders of the Jugendstil movement, the German counterpart of Art Nouveau. His first marriage was with Baroness Elsa, Els ..., and the first courtyard is adorned with a magnificent facade of polychrome glazed brick. The construction of this project, launched in 1906, follows a pattern of clear separation between residential areas, crafts, trade and culture, which distinguishes it from the courtyards of the 19th century. In 1909 Kurt Hiller and Jakob van Hoddis established '' Der Neue Club'' here which hosted such events ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Reunification
German reunification () was the process of re-establishing Germany as a single sovereign state, which began on 9 November 1989 and culminated on 3 October 1990 with the dissolution of the East Germany, German Democratic Republic and the integration of its re-established constituent federated states into the West Germany, Federal Republic of Germany to form Germany, present-day Germany. This date was chosen as the customary German Unity Day, and has thereafter been celebrated each year as a national day, national holiday. On the same date, East Berlin, East and West Berlin, West Berlin were also reunified into a single city, which eventually Decision on the Capital of Germany, became the capital of Germany. The East German government, controlled by the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED), started to falter on 2 May 1989, when the removal of Hungary's border fence with Austria opened a hole in the Iron Curtain. The border was still closely guarded, but the Pan-European Picn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bastion Fort
A bastion fort or ''trace italienne'' (a phrase derived from non-standard French, meaning 'Italian outline') is a fortification in a style developed during the early modern period in response to the ascendancy of gunpowder weapons such as cannon, which rendered earlier medieval approaches to fortification obsolete. It appeared in the mid-fifteenth century in Italy. Some types, especially when combined with ravelins and other outworks, resembled the related star fort of the same era. The design of the fort is normally a polygon with bastions at the corners of the walls. These outcroppings eliminated protected blind spots, called "dead zones", and allowed fire along the curtain wall from positions protected from direct fire. Many bastion forts also feature cavaliers, which are raised secondary structures based entirely inside the primary structure. Origins Their predecessors, medieval fortresses, were usually placed on high hills. From there, arrows were shot at the ene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berlin Fortress
The Berlin Fortress (German "Festung Berlin") was the fortification of the historic city of Berlin. Construction started in 1650. The ramparts, walls, moats and glacis of the 17th-century bastion fort ran around the historic city limits. The demolition of its ramparts began in 1740. History Berlin was an important market place on the main east-west route (today Bundesstraße 1). However, it had no real fortifications, unlike Spandau in the west (Spandau Citadel) and Köpenick in the east ( Köpenick Palace). Although Berlin was not the site of any battles during the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) it suffered heavily from the Swedish occupation; by the end of the war in 1631, a third of the buildings had been demolished and half the population had fled or died. Frederick William I, Elector of Brandenburg ordered the engineer architect Johann Gregor Memhardt to make plans for a fortification for the town. These began in 1650 following the contemporary fortification model of b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glacis
A glacis (, ) in military engineering is an artificial slope as part of a medieval castle or in early modern fortresses. They may be constructed of earth as a temporary structure or of stone in more permanent structure. More generally, a glacis is any slope, natural or artificial, which fulfils the above requirements. The etymology of this French word suggests a slope made dangerous with ice, hence the relationship with ''glacier''. A ''glacis plate'' is the sloped front-most section of the hull of a tank or other armoured fighting vehicle. Ancient fortifications A glacis could also appear in ancient fortresses, such as the one the ancient Egyptians built at Semna in Nubia. Here it was used by them to prevent enemy siege engines from weakening defensive walls. Hillforts in Britain started to incorporate glacis around 350 BC. Those at Maiden Castle, Dorset were high. Medieval fortifications Glacises, also called taluses, were incorporated into medieval fortifications ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rampart (fortification)
In fortification architecture, a rampart is a length of Embankment (earthworks), embankment or wall forming part of the defensive boundary of a castle, hillfort, Human settlement, settlement or other fortified site. It is usually broad-topped and made of excavated earth and/or masonry.Friar, Stephen (2003). ''The Sutton Companion to Castles'', Sutton Publishing, Stroud, 2003, p. 241. Darvill, Timothy (2008). ''Oxford Concise Dictionary of Archaeology'', 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York, p. 376. . Types The composition and design of ramparts varied from the simple mounds of earth and stone, known as dump ramparts, to more complex earth and timber defences (box ramparts and timberlaced ramparts), as well as ramparts with stone revetments. One particular type, common in Central Europe, used earth, stone and timber posts to form a ''Pfostenschlitzmauer'' or "post-slot wall". Vitrified ramparts were composed of stone that was subsequently fired, possibly to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Berlin Jannowitzbrücke Station
Berlin Jannowitzbrücke is a station in the Mitte district of Berlin. It is served by the Berlin S-Bahn, S-Bahn lines , , , and and the Berlin U-Bahn, U-Bahn line . It is located next to the Jannowitz Bridge (Jannowitzbrücke) and is a public transport interchange. South of the station is Brückenstraße (“bridge street”) and north of it are Holzmarkstrasse and Alexanderstraße. The station also serves as a stop for various private excursion and sightseeing boats, among others, those of the ''Stern und Kreisschiffahrt'' and ''Reederei Riedel'' companies. S-Bahn station When the Jannowitz Bridge was rebuilt (1881–1883), the suburban station of the same name was opened on the Berlin Stadtbahn (“city railway”) viaduct next to the Spree (river), Spree river. The opening date is officially stated to be 7 February 1882. Since the station was just an open platform with a canopy, passengers were exposed to the weather and the smoke of the locomotives. In 1885, the station was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
