HP-27S
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HP-27S
The HP-27S was a pocket calculator produced by Hewlett-Packard, introduced in 1988, and discontinued between 1990 and 1993 (sources vary). It was the first HP scientific calculator to use algebraic entry instead of RPN, and though it was labelled ''scientific'', it also included features associated with specialized business calculators. The device featured standard scientific functions, including statistics and probability. Equations could be stored in memory, and solved and integrated for specified variables. Binary, octal, and hexadecimal number bases could be used. Business features included a real-time clock and calendar with up to ten appointments (each with a 22 character message string), as well as functions such as time value of money calculations. The 27S was not programmable in the conventional way, but it included an advanced formula-storage system with programming features. Within stored formulas, sub-formulas could be defined and later referred to by name. Loops ...
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HP Calculators
HP calculators are various calculators manufactured by the Hewlett-Packard company over the years. Their desktop models included the HP 9800 series, while their handheld models started with the HP-35. Their focus has been on high-end scientific, engineering and complex financial uses. History In the 1960s, Hewlett-Packard was becoming a diversified electronics company with product lines in electronic Measuring instrument, test equipment, scientific instrumentation, and medical electronics, and was just beginning its entry into computers. The corporation recognized two opportunities: it might be possible to automate the instrumentation that HP was producing, and HP's customer base were likely to buy a product that could replace the slide rules and adding machines that were being used for computation. With this in mind, HP built the Hewlett-Packard 9100A, HP 9100 desktop scientific calculator. This was a full-featured calculator that included not only standard "adding machi ...
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HP Saturn
The Saturn family of 4-bit computing, 4-bit (datapath) microprocessors was developed by Hewlett-Packard in the 1980s first for the HP-71B handheld computer, released in 1984, and later for various HP calculators (starting with the HP-18C). It succeeded the ''HP Nut, Nut'' family of processors used in earlier calculators. The HP48SX and HP48S were the last models to use HP manufactured Saturn processors, later models used processors manufactured by NEC. The HP 49 series initially used the Saturn CPU until the NEC fab could no longer manufacture the processor for technical reasons in 2003. Starting with the HP 49g+ model in 2003, the calculators switched to a Samsung Samsung S3C2410, S3C2410 processor with an ARM920T core (part of the ARMv4T architecture) which ran an emulator of the Saturn hardware in software. In 2000, the HP 39G and HP 40G were the last calculators introduced based on the actual NEC fabricated Saturn hardware. The last calculators introduced to use the Saturn e ...
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HP Lewis
The Saturn family of 4-bit ( datapath) microprocessors was developed by Hewlett-Packard in the 1980s first for the HP-71B handheld computer, released in 1984, and later for various HP calculators (starting with the HP-18C). It succeeded the '' Nut'' family of processors used in earlier calculators. The HP48SX and HP48S were the last models to use HP manufactured Saturn processors, later models used processors manufactured by NEC. The HP 49 series initially used the Saturn CPU until the NEC fab could no longer manufacture the processor for technical reasons in 2003. Starting with the HP 49g+ model in 2003, the calculators switched to a Samsung S3C2410 processor with an ARM920T core (part of the ARMv4T architecture) which ran an emulator of the Saturn hardware in software. In 2000, the HP 39G and HP 40G were the last calculators introduced based on the actual NEC fabricated Saturn hardware. The last calculators introduced to use the Saturn emulator were the HP 39gs, H ...
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HP-17B
HP-17B is an algebraic entry financial and business calculator manufactured by Hewlett-Packard, introduced on 4 January 1988 along with the HP-19B, HP-27S and the HP-28S. It was a simplified business model, like the 19B. There were two versions, the US one working in English only, and the international one with a choice of six languages (English, German, Spanish, French, Italian, and Portuguese). HP-17B HP-17B code name was ''Trader'' and it belonged to the Pioneer series of Hewlett-Packard calculators. It had a 131×16 LCD dot matrix, 22×2 characters, menu-driven display, used a Saturn processor and had a memory of 8000 bytes, of which 6750 bytes were available to the user for variable and equation storage. The HP-17B had a clock with alarm that allowed for basic agenda capabilities, as well an infrared port for printing to some Hewlett-Packard infrared printers. HP 17BII The 17B was replaced by the HP 17BII (F1638A) (code name ''Trader II'') in January 1990, which ad ...
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Integral
In mathematics, an integral is the continuous analog of a Summation, sum, which is used to calculate area, areas, volume, volumes, and their generalizations. Integration, the process of computing an integral, is one of the two fundamental operations of calculus,Integral calculus is a very well established mathematical discipline for which there are many sources. See and , for example. the other being Derivative, differentiation. Integration was initially used to solve problems in mathematics and physics, such as finding the area under a curve, or determining displacement from velocity. Usage of integration expanded to a wide variety of scientific fields thereafter. A definite integral computes the signed area of the region in the plane that is bounded by the Graph of a function, graph of a given Function (mathematics), function between two points in the real line. Conventionally, areas above the horizontal Coordinate axis, axis of the plane are positive while areas below are n ...
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Pocket Calculators
An electronic calculator is typically a portable electronic device used to perform calculations, ranging from basic arithmetic to complex mathematics. The first solid-state electronic calculator was created in the early 1960s. Pocket-sized devices became available in the 1970s, especially after the Intel 4004, the first microprocessor, was developed by Intel for the Japanese calculator company Busicom. Modern electronic calculators vary from cheap, give-away, credit-card-sized models to sturdy desktop models with built-in printers. They became popular in the mid-1970s as the incorporation of integrated circuits reduced their size and cost. By the end of that decade, prices had dropped to the point where a basic calculator was affordable to most and they became common in schools. In addition to general-purpose calculators, there are those designed for specific markets. For example, there are scientific calculators, which include trigonometric and statistical calculations. S ...
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