|
HIF-2α
Endothelial PAS domain-containing protein 1 (EPAS1, also known as hypoxia-inducible factor-2alpha (HIF-2α)) is a protein that is encoded by the ''EPAS1'' gene in mammals. It is a type of hypoxia-inducible factors, hypoxia-inducible factor, a group of transcription factors involved in the physiological response to oxygen concentration. The gene is active under Hypoxia (environmental), hypoxic conditions. It is also important in the development of the heart, and for maintaining the catecholamine balance required for protection of the heart. Mutation often leads to Neuroendocrine tumor, neuroendocrine tumors. However, several characterized allele, alleles of ''EPAS1'' contribute to high-altitude adaptation in humans. One such allele, which has been inherited from Denisovan archaic humans, archaic hominins, is known to confer increased athletic performance in some people, and has therefore been referred to as the "super athlete gene". Function The EPAS1 gene encodes one subunit o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hypoxia-inducible Factors
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors that respond to decreases in available oxygen in the cellular environment, or hypoxia. They also respond to instances of pseudohypoxia, such as thiamine deficiency. Both hypoxia and pseudohypoxia leads to impairment of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production by the mitochondria. Discovery The HIF transcriptional complex was discovered in 1995 by Gregg L. Semenza and postdoctoral fellow Guang Wang. In 2016, William Kaelin Jr., Peter J. Ratcliffe and Gregg L. Semenza were presented the Lasker Award for their work in elucidating the role of HIF-1 in oxygen sensing and its role in surviving low oxygen conditions. In 2019, the same three individuals were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in elucidating how HIF senses and adapts cellular response to oxygen availability. Structure Oxygen-breathing species express the highly conserved transcriptional complex HIF-1, which is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
