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Grylloblattidae
Grylloblattidae, commonly known as the icebugs, or ice crawlers, is a family of extremophile (psychrophile) and wingless insects that live in the cold on top of mountains and the edges of glaciers. They belong, along with Mantophasmatidae (rock crawlers), to the order Notoptera. Grylloblattids are wingless insects mostly less than 3 cm long, with a head resembling that of a cockroach, with long antennae and having elongated cerci arising from the tip of their abdomen. They cannot tolerate warmth (most species will die at 10 °C) and many species have small distribution ranges. Overview Grylloblattids, ice crawlers or icebugs puzzled the scientists who discovered them in 1914, E.M. Walker and T.B. Kurata; the first species named was '' Grylloblatta campodeiformis'', which means "cricket-cockroach shaped like a '' Campodea''" (a kind of two-pronged bristletail). Most are nocturnal and appear to feed on detritus. They have long antennae (23–45 segments) and long cerci (5 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grylloblatta Campodeiformis
''Grylloblatta campodeiformis'', also known as the northern rock crawler, is an omnivorous species of insect in family Grylloblattidae. Like other species in the genus '' Grylloblatta'', it is endemic to North America. Taxonomy This species was the first grylloblatid discovered and formally described in the scientific literature by Edmund Walker in 1914. It was originally placed in the order Orthoptera but has since been placed in the order Notoptera. There are currently four subspecies: * ''Grylloblatta campodeiformis athapaska'' Kamp, 1979, recorded in British Columbia, Alberta, and Montana * ''Grylloblatta campodeiformis campodeiformis'' Walker, 1914, recorded in British Columbia * ''Grylloblatta campodeiformis nahanni'' Kamp, 1979, recorded in British Columbia * ''Grylloblatta campodeiformis occidentalis'' Silvestri, 1931, recorded in Washington state, US Description Adults are typically long, excluding ovipositors and cerci, and are fairly elongate, wingless insects. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grylloblatta
''Grylloblatta'' is a genus of insects in the family Grylloblattidae. It contains 15 species, including '' Grylloblatta chirurgica'', almost exclusively from high-altitude and high-latitude regions of the United States, living in ice caves and glaciers. The genus was first described by Edmund Walker in 1914, based on a single species, ''Grylloblatta campodeiformis''. Species These 15 species belong to the genus ''Grylloblatta'': * ''Grylloblatta barberi'' Caudell, 1924 * '' Grylloblatta bifratrilecta'' Gurney, 1953 * ''Grylloblatta campodeiformis'' E. M. Walker, 1914 (northern rock crawler) * '' Grylloblatta chandleri'' Kamp, 1963 * '' Grylloblatta chintimini'' Marshall & Lytle, 2015 * '' Grylloblatta chirurgica'' Gurney, 1961 (Mount St Helens' grylloblattid) * '' Grylloblatta gurneyi'' Kamp, 1963 * '' Grylloblatta marmoreus'' Schoville, 2012 * '' Grylloblatta newberryensis'' Marshall and Lytle, 2015 * '' Grylloblatta oregonensis'' Schoville, 2012 * '' Grylloblatta rothi'' Gurn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Namkungia
''Namkungia'' is a genus of cave-dwelling insects in the family Grylloblattidae found in Korea. It contains 2 species, both of which are found in caves in Jeongseon County, Gangwon Province, South Korea. Species These species belong to the genus ''Namkungia'': *'' Namkungia biryongensis'' (Namkung 1974) – type locality: Biryong Cave, Jeongseon County, Gangwon Province, South Korea *'' Namkungia magna'' (Namkung 1986) – type locality: Balgudeok Cave, Jeongseon County, Gangwon Province, South Korea Gangwon Province is a province of South Korea, with its capital at Chuncheon. It is bound on the east by the Sea of Japan, and borders Gyeonggi Province to its west, North Gyeongsang Province and North Chungcheong Province to its south, and t ... References Grylloblattidae Insects of Korea Cave insects {{Notoptera-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grylloblatta Barberi
''Grylloblatta barberi'' is a North American species of wingless insect in the genus '' Grylloblatta''. It is a rock crawler that lives at high altitudes in crevices under snow or glaciers. It was first described by Andrew Nelson Caudell in 1924. Range Specimens have been collected in the North Fork Feather River The North Fork Feather River is a watercourse of the northern Sierra Nevada in the U.S. state of California. It flows generally southwards from its headwaters near Lassen Peak to Lake Oroville, a reservoir formed by Oroville Dam in the foothills ... area of California. References {{Taxonbar, from=Q13582696 Insects described in 1924 Grylloblattidae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Notoptera
The wingless insect order Notoptera, a group first proposed in 1915, had been largely unrecognized since its original conception, until resurrected in 2004. As now defined, the order comprises five families, three of them known only from fossils, two known from both fossil and living representatives, and fewer than 60 known species in total. History of research The name was originally coined in 1915 for a group of fossil orthopteroids, and largely forgotten until it was resurrected and redefined ("Notoptera Crampton ''sensu novum''") by Engel and Grimaldi in 2004 (after the discovery of living Mantophasmatidae), who recommended to give a single order that includes both the living and fossil representatives of the lineage. Terry and Whiting in 2005 independently proposed a new name, "Xenonomia", for the same lineage of insects (including the Grylloblattodea and Mantophasmatodea). In 2006, Cameron, Barker, and Whiting studied the mitochondrial genomics of the Mantophasmatodea, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galloisiana Nipponensis
''Galloisiana nipponensis'' is a species of insect in the family Grylloblattidae that is endemic to Japan. Its Type locality (biology), type locality is Lake Chūzenji, Japan. Range and habitat It is found in montane habitats in central Honshu, including in the Taishaku Mountains (:ja:帝釈山脈, 帝釈山脈) (near the Echigo Mountains). Life cycle Individuals live for at least five years. References Grylloblattidae Insects of Japan Endemic fauna of Japan {{notoptera-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grylloblattina
''Grylloblattina'' is a genus of insects in the family Grylloblattidae. It is a monotypic genus consisting of the species ''Grylloblattina djakonovi''. Range and habitat ''Grylloblattina djakonovi'' is endemic to far eastern Russia, where it is found along stream banks in mature forests. Specimens have been collected on Petrov Island in Kievka Bay, Primorsky Krai Primorsky Krai (russian: Приморский край, r=Primorsky kray, p=prʲɪˈmorskʲɪj kraj), informally known as Primorye (, ), is a federal subject (a krai) of Russia, located in the Far East region of the country and is a part of t ..., Russia. References Grylloblattidae Monotypic insect genera Fauna of Russia {{Notoptera-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Galloisiana
''Galloisiana'' is a genus of insects in the family Grylloblattidae found in East Asia. It contains 12 species. Species These species belong to the genus ''Galloisiana'': *''Galloisiana chujoi'' Gurney 1961 – type locality: Oninoiwaya Cave, southern Japan *'' Galloisiana kiyosawai'' Asahina 1959 – type locality: Hirayu-Onsen, Honshu, Japan *'' Galloisiana kosuensis'' Namkung 1974 – type locality: Gosu Cave, South Korea *''Galloisiana nipponensis'' Caudell & King 1924 – type locality: Lake Chūzenji, Honshu, Japan *''Galloisiana notabilis'' Silvestri 1927 – type locality: Nagasaki Prefecture, southern Japan *''Galloisiana odaesanensis'' Kim & Lee 2007 – type locality: Mount Odae, South Korea *'' Galloisiana olgae'' Vrsansky & Storozhenko 2001 – type locality: Mount Olga, Russia *'' Galloisiana sinensis'' Wang 1987 – type locality: Paektu Mountain, PR China *''Galloisiana sofiae'' Szeptycki 1987 – type locality: Mount Myoyang, South Korea *'' Galloisiana ussuri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grylloblattella
''Grylloblattella'' is a genus of insects in the family Grylloblattidae found in the Altai-Sayan region of Central Asia. It contains 3 species restricted to montane environments in southern Siberia (Russia), China, and Kazakhstan. Species These species belong to the genus ''Grylloblattella'': *'' Grylloblattella cheni'' Bai, Wang & Yang 2010 – type locality: Ake Kule Lake, Xinjiang, China *'' Grylloblattella pravdini'' Storozhenko & Oliger 1984 – type locality: Teletskoye Lake, Russia *'' Grylloblattella sayanensis'' Storozhenko 1996 – type locality: Sambyl Pass, Russia Habitat They are found in rocky streams and talus fields, including low-elevation microhabitat In ecology, the term habitat summarises the array of resources, physical and biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species habitat can be seen as the physical ...s that are cold and humid. Unlike some other grylloblattid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grylloblatta Oregonensis
''Grylloblatta oregonensis'' is a species of insect in the family Grylloblattidae. Its type locality is in Oregon Caves National Monument Oregon Caves National Monument and Preserve is a protected area in the northern Siskiyou Mountains of southwestern Oregon in the United States. The 4,554-acre (1,843 ha) park, including the marble cave, is 20 miles (32 km) east of C ... in the United States. References Grylloblattidae Insects of the United States Insects described in 2012 {{Notoptera-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Psychrophile
Psychrophiles or cryophiles (adj. ''psychrophilic'' or ''cryophilic'') are extremophilic organisms that are capable of growth and reproduction in low temperatures, ranging from to . They have an optimal growth temperature at . They are found in places that are permanently cold, such as the polar regions and the deep sea. They can be contrasted with thermophiles, which are organisms that thrive at unusually high temperatures, and mesophiles at intermediate temperatures. Psychrophile is Greek for 'cold-loving', . Many such organisms are bacteria or archaea, but some eukaryotes such as lichens, snow algae, phytoplankton, fungi, and wingless midges, are also classified as psychrophiles. Biology Habitat The cold environments that psychrophiles inhabit are ubiquitous on Earth, as a large fraction of the planetary surface experiences temperatures lower than 10 °C. They are present in permafrost, polar ice, glaciers, snowfields and deep ocean waters. These organisms can also be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mantophasmatidae
Mantophasmatidae is a family (biology), family of carnivorous wingless insects within the order Notoptera, which was discovered in Africa in 2001.K.-D. Klass, O. Zompro, N.P. Kristensen, J. Adis. Mantophasmatodea: a new insect order with extant members in the afrotropics Science, 296 (2002), pp. 1456–1459Adis, J., O. Zompro, E. Moombolah-Goagoses, and E. Marais. 2002. Gladiators: A new order of insect. ''Scientific American'' 287:60-65. Originally, the group was regarded as an order in its own right, and named Mantophasmatodea, but, using recent evidence indicating a sister group relationship with Grylloblattidae (formerly classified in the order Grylloblattodea),Terry, M.D., and M.F. Whiting. 2005. Mantophasmatodea and phylogeny of the lower neopterous insects. ''Cladistics'' 21(3): 240–257. Arillo and Engel have combined the two groups into a single order, Notoptera. Overview The most common vernacular name for this order is gladiators, although they also are called rock cr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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