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Gothic War (535–554)
The Gothic War between the Eastern Roman Empire during the reign of Emperor Justinian I and the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy took place from 535 to 554 in the Italian Peninsula, Dalmatia, Sardinia, Sicily and Corsica. It was one of the last of the many Gothic Wars against the Roman Empire. The war had its roots in the ambition of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Emperor Justinian I to recover the provinces of the former Western Roman Empire, which the Romans had lost to invading barbarian tribes in the previous century, during the Migration Period. The war followed the Eastern Roman reconquest of the province of Africa from the Vandals. Historians commonly divide the war into two phases: * From 535 to 540: ending with the fall of the Ostrogothic capital Ravenna and the apparent reconquest of Italy by the Byzantines. * From 540/541 to 553: a Gothic revival under Totila, suppressed only after a long struggle by the Byzantine general Narses, who also repelled an invasion in 55 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gothic War (535–554)
The Gothic War between the Eastern Roman Empire during the reign of Emperor Justinian I and the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy took place from 535 to 554 in the Italian Peninsula, Dalmatia, Sardinia, Sicily and Corsica. It was one of the last of the many Gothic Wars against the Roman Empire. The war had its roots in the ambition of the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Emperor Justinian I to recover the provinces of the former Western Roman Empire, which the Romans had lost to invading barbarian tribes in the previous century, during the Migration Period. The war followed the Eastern Roman reconquest of the province of Africa from the Vandals. Historians commonly divide the war into two phases: * From 535 to 540: ending with the fall of the Ostrogothic capital Ravenna and the apparent reconquest of Italy by the Byzantines. * From 540/541 to 553: a Gothic revival under Totila, suppressed only after a long struggle by the Byzantine general Narses, who also repelled an invasion in 55 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Justinian I
Justinian I (; la, Iustinianus, ; grc-gre, Ἰουστινιανός ; 48214 November 565), also known as Justinian the Great, was the Byzantine emperor from 527 to 565. His reign is marked by the ambitious but only partly realized ''renovatio imperii'', or "restoration of the Empire". This ambition was expressed by the partial recovery of the territories of the defunct Western Roman Empire. His general, Belisarius, swiftly conquered the Vandal Kingdom in North Africa. Subsequently, Belisarius, Narses, and other generals conquered the Ostrogothic kingdom, restoring Dalmatia, Sicily, Italy, and Rome to the empire after more than half a century of rule by the Ostrogoths. The praetorian prefect Liberius reclaimed the south of the Iberian peninsula, establishing the province of Spania. These campaigns re-established Roman control over the western Mediterranean, increasing the Empire's annual revenue by over a million ''solidi''. During his reign, Justinian also subdued the ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calonymus
Calonymus of Alexandria ( grc-x-medieval, Καλώνυμος 'Αλεξανδρεύς) was a Byzantine naval commander, known for leading the fleet in the Vandalic War (533–534). The main source about him is Procopius.Martindale, Jones & Morris (1992), p. 267 Biography Calonymus was a native of Alexandria, capital of the Diocese of Egypt. In 533, he was assigned as the sole commander of the Byzantine navy during the Vandalic War. Its mission was to transport the troops of Belisarius to the Vandal Kingdom of North Africa. Procopius reports in detail the naval force assembled: "And for the whole force five hundred ships were required, no one of which was able to carry more than fifty thousand medimni, nor any one less than three thousand. And in all the vessels together there were thirty thousand sailors, Egyptians and Ionians for the most part, and Cilicians, and one commander was appointed over all the ships, Calonymus of Alexandria. And they had also ships of war prepared ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chalazar
Chalazar (died June 548) was a Hun military commander in the Byzantine Empire. Biography He served under Belisarius. Chalazar was the commander of the Byzantine garrison of Rossano together with the Thracian Gudilas. He struck a deal with Totila, who was besieging the fortress, whereby, if they were not relieved, he would surrender on a certain day, in exchange of the garrison being allowed to depart safely. They were in desperate need, but expecting help from Belisarius. The latter and John John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Secon ... tried in vain to directly help them, and as they were insuccessfull in this, they attempted to divert Totila's attention to other places. However, Totila continued to besiege the fortress himself and sent just a small cavalry force in response t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bochas (Hun)
Bochas (died 537) was a Hun officer of the guard under Belisarius. He was one of the bodyguards (or ''bucellarii'') of Belisarius. He fought for Belisarius in the Gothic War in the 530s. He once fought against twelve Goths. They encircled him and hit him with their lances but his armor withstood their blows. One of the Goths managed to hit him from behind, piercing him. This, however, was not a mortal blow. Etymology Ferdinand Justi listed the name as Iranian, though Otto J. Maenchen-Helfen was perplexed by such conclusion. The latter explained that Justi might've thought of "Beuca, mentioned in ''Getica'' 277 as king of the Sarmatians in southern Pannonia about 470". It is possible that the name be of Turkic origin. ''Buqa'' (''buga''), literally "bull A bull is an intact (i.e., not castrated) adult male of the species ''Bos taurus'' (cattle). More muscular and aggressive than the females of the same species (i.e., cows), bulls have long been an important symbol in m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyprian (Byzantine Commander)
Cyprian was a Byzantine military leader who played a role in the wars of the reign of Justinian I. He was one of Belisarius’ subordinates during the Vandalic War. During the Battle of Tricamarum he served in the left wing. During surrender negotiations with Gelimer he informed Gelimer of the guarantee for his safety. During the Siege of Rome when the Goths The Goths ( got, 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰, translit=''Gutþiuda''; la, Gothi, grc-gre, Γότθοι, Gótthoi) were a Germanic people who played a major role in the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the emergence of medieval Europe ... broke through the first wall in a section of the defences were there were two walls he Belisarius sent him on a counterattack. The Goths panicked and fled, their siege engines were burned. Later he and Justinus were sent to besiege Fisula. Due to the landscape they couldn’t prevent sallies or fully cut the city off. Eventually they took Fisula after which they moved to assist ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vitalius (Byzantine Commander)
''Vitalius'' is a genus of South American tarantulas that was first described by S. Lucas, P. I. da Silva Jr. & Rogério Bertani in 1993. Diagnosis They can be distinguished from other tarantulas by the lack of stridulating hairs on the prolateral side of coxa 1 and in the palpal bulb. By the absence of scopula on the side of femur 1, and metatarsus 1 closing between the male spur branches. Species it contains ten species, found in Argentina and Brazil: *'' Vitalius buecherli'' Bertani, 2001 – Brazil *'' Vitalius dubius'' (Mello-Leitão, 1923) – Brazil *'' Vitalius longisternalis'' Bertani, 2001 – Brazil, Argentina *'' Vitalius lucasae'' Bertani, 2001 – Brazil *'' Vitalius nondescriptus'' (Mello-Leitão, 1926) – Brazil *'' Vitalius paranaensis'' Bertani, 2001 – Brazil, Argentina *'' Vitalius roseus'' (Mello-Leitão, 1923) – Brazil, Argentina *'' Vitalius sorocabae'' (Mello-Leitão, 1923) ( type) – Brazil *'' Vitalius vellutinus'' (Mello-Leitão, 1923) – Braz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constantinianus
Constantinianus was a Byzantine military commander during the reign of Justinian the Great who took part in the Justinian’s Gothic War. After the death of Mundus he was sent into Dalmatia to defend Salona. While he was still gathering his troops a Gothic force under Gripas captured Salona. Hearing of the approach of a large Byzantine force Gripas retreated when Constantinianus moved against him. Constantinianus immediately began rebuilding the crumbling fortifications. After this Constantinianus quickly gained control of Dalmatia and Liburnia. Constantinianus’ strong position in the Balkans In combination with the Frankish threat caused the Gothic king Witigis to send only a small force to defend Rome from Belisarius Belisarius (; el, Βελισάριος; The exact date of his birth is unknown. – 565) was a military commander of the Byzantine Empire under the emperor Justinian I. He was instrumental in the reconquest of much of the Mediterranean terr ... but ins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Artabazes (military Officer)
Artabazes ( el, Ἀρταβάζης; died 542), whose name is often latinised as Ardabastos, was a Sasanian cavalryman and later a Byzantine military officer, recorded taking part in the Roman-Persian Wars and Gothic War. He was killed just prior to the Battle of Faventia. The main source about him is Procopius... Biography ArtabazesThe name is a variant of Artavasdes, which is ultimately from Old Iranian Ṛtavazd�/ref> was a Persarmenian. He originally served as a cavalryman ('' aswār'') in the garrison of Sisauranon, a frontier stronghold of the Sasanian Empire which was captured by Belisarius. Together with his commander Bleschames and 800 other cavalrymen, he was sent to Italy to fight alongside the Byzantines. He is first recorded in 542 as an archon of the Byzantine army, but his rank is not specified in primary sources. He was one of the Byzantine troops marching against the city of Verona, an Ostrogoth stronghold. The Byzantine forces consisted of about 12,000 men, wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conon (general Under Justinian I)
Conon was a Byzantine military leader during the reign of Justinian I. During the Siege of Rome he was sent to lead reinforcements to Belisarius. Landing in Naples he and Paulus, another Byzantine military commander, led 3,000 Isaurians to Belisarius’ aid. First they waited for other contingents' reinforcements to gather in Naples before moving on to Rome. Later he was the leader of the garrison at Ancona Ancona (, also , ) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region in central Italy, with a population of around 101,997 . Ancona is the capital of the province of Ancona and of the region. The city is located northeast of Rome, on the Adriatic .... When an army under Vacimus arrived at Ancona he deployed to face them in open battle but quickly retreated when seeing the full size of the enemy force. The gates were already closed but the garrison could climb into the city using ropes. The attackers had siege equipment ready and could immediately attempt to storm the city. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liberius (praetorian Prefect)
Petrus Marcellinus Felix Liberius ( 465 554) was a Late Roman aristocrat and official, whose career spanned seven decades in the highest offices of both the Ostrogothic Kingdom of Italy and the Eastern Roman Empire. He held the highest governmental offices of Italy, Gaul, and Egypt, "an accomplishment not often recorded – Caesar and Napoleon Bonaparte are the only parallels that come to mind!" as James O'Donnell observes in his biographical study of the man. Origins and family The exact origin of Liberius is unknown, but it is speculated that he came from Liguria. His family certainly did not belong to the upper senatorial class of Italy. He was married to Agretia, and had several sons and a daughter. Almost nothing is known of them, except that one of his sons, Venantius, was appointed consul in 507 and held the ceremonial office of ''comes domesticorum vacans'' some time later. Career under the Goths Prefect of Italy After the deposition of the last Western empe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germanus (cousin Of Justinian I)
Germanus ( el, Γερμανός; died 550) was an East Roman (Byzantine) general, one of the leading commanders of Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565). Germanus was Emperor Justinian's cousin, and a member of the ruling dynasty. He held commands in Thrace, North Africa, and the East against Persia, and was slated to command the final Byzantine expedition against the Ostrogoths. Having married into the Gothic Amal royal line through his second wife Matasuntha and a distinguished service record, at the time of his sudden death, he was considered the probable heir to Emperor Justinian. Biography Origins and early career Germanus was born before 505, the nephew of Emperor Justin I (r. 518–527) and thus cousin of Emperor Justinian I (r. 527–565), and not his nephew, as is often erroneously stated... According to a statement in Jordanes's ''Getica'', Germanus was a descendant of the noble Roman clan of the Anicii. The exact nature of his connection, however, if indeed it is anythi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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