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Gestetner
The Gestetner is a type of duplicating machine named after its inventor, David Gestetner (18541939). During the 20th century, the term ''Gestetner'' was used as a verb—as in ''Gestetnering''. The Gestetner company established its base in London, filing its first patent in 1879. The business grew, remaining within the control of the Gestetner family, and acquiring other businesses. In 1995, the Gestetner company was acquired by the Ricoh Corporation of Japan. History David Gestetner was born in Hungary in 1854, and after working in Vienna and New York, he moved to London, England, filing his first copying patent there in 1879. A later patent in 1881 was for the Cyclostyle, a stylus that was part of the Cyclograph copying device. That same year, he also established the Gestetner Cyclograph Company to produce duplicating machines, stencils, Stylus, styli, ink rollers and related products. The Gestetner works opened in 1906 at Tottenham Hale, north London, and employed several tho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Gestetner
David Gestetner (31 March 18548 March 1939) was the inventor of the Gestetner stencil duplicator, the first piece of office equipment that allowed production of numerous copies of documents quickly and inexpensively. He also invented the nail clipper. Gestetner was awarded the The Franklin Institute Awards, John Scott Medal by The Franklin Institute in 1888. On 12 March 2011 a Blue Plaque was placed on his home at 124 Highbury New Park in north London. Early life The devoutly Jewish David Gestetner left Hungary to work in Vienna in the 1870s, where he began work at the stock exchange. One of his tasks was to make copies of the activity at the end of the day by repeatedly handwriting the results. He decided to try to find a better method, and his experiments eventually led him to invent the first method of reproducing documents by use of a stencil. He went on to work in Chicago, making kites out of Chinese paper. Gestetner allegedly perceived the idea of the duplicating method ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sigmund Gestetner
Sigmund Aviezer Gestetner (13 August 1897 – 16 April 1956) was a British philanthropist, Zionist, and businessman, serving as Managing Director of Gestetner and president of the Jewish National Fund of Great Britain. Early life Born in London in 1897, he was the only son of Jewish inventor David Gestetner and attended City of London School until he joined the army at the age of 17, faking his age. He was gassed during World War 1, permanently affecting his health. Business and Zionism Sigmund Gestetner is credited for the expansion of the firm bearing his name and passed on management to his wife, Henny Gestetner and later his two sons, David and Jonathan Gestetner. He was a supporter of the Zionist cause, serving as president of the Jewish National Fund and was active in the Joint Palestine Appeal in Great Britain. He worked closely with Chaim Weizmann, helping bring the Weizmann Institute of Science to Great Britain along with his wife, Henny. He was associated with the Ali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanimex
Hanimex was an Australian distributor and manufacturer, primarily associated with photographic equipment. History Early years The company was founded by Jack Hannes (1923-2005). Born in Germany and educated in England, Hannes' family fled Germany for Australia in 1939. After becoming involved in the import of photographic products in the years following the end of World War II, Hannes formed Hanimex (an abbreviation of "HANnes" "IMport" "EXport") in 1947. Hanimex was the sole distributor of Fujifilm products in Australia from 1954 until Fujifilm themselves purchased the company in 2004. Growth and other products In the mid-1950s, Australian import restrictions led Hanimex to begin manufacturing projectors there locally, and by the early 1970s it was the second-largest manufacturer of slide projectors in the world. Hanimex distributed cameras from a large number of manufacturers under its own name, including those of Praktica, Topcon and others, and eventually grew influenti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duplicating Machine
Duplicating machines were the predecessors of modern document-reproduction technology. They have now been replaced by digital duplicators, scanners, laser printers and photocopiers, but for many years they were the primary means of reproducing documents for limited-run distribution. The duplicator was pioneered by Thomas Edison and David Gestetner, with Gestetner dominating the market up until the late 1990s. Like the typewriter, these machines were products of the second phase of the industrial revolution which started near the end of the 19th century (also called the Second Industrial Revolution). This second phase brought to mass markets technologies like the small electric motors and the products of industrial chemistry without which the duplicating machines would not have been economical. By bringing greatly increased quantities of paperwork to daily life, the duplicating machine and the typewriter gradually changed the forms of the office desk and transformed the nature of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclostyle (copier)
The Cyclostyle duplicating process is a form of stencil copying. A stencil is cut on wax or glazed paper by using a pen-like object with a small rowel or spur-wheel on its tip. A large number of small short lines are cut out in the glazed paper, removing the glaze with the spur-wheel, then ink is applied. It was invented in the later 19th century by David Gestetner, who named it ''cyclostyle'' after a drawing tool he used. Its name incorporates ''stylus'', Classical Latin for a pen. In year 1893 Francis Galton gave the following brief description of a cyclostyle: ::"The cyclostyle, which is an instrument used for multiple writing, makes about 140 dots to the inch. The style has a minute spur-wheel or roller, instead of a [pen] point ; the writing is made on stencil paper, whose surface is covered with a brittle glaze. This is perforated by the teeth of the spur-wheel wherever they press against it. The half perforated sheet is then laid on writing paper, and an inked roller is w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mimeograph
A mimeograph machine (often abbreviated to mimeo, sometimes called a stencil duplicator) is a low-cost duplicating machine that works by forcing ink through a stencil onto paper. The process is called mimeography, and a copy made by the process is a mimeograph. Mimeographs, along with spirit duplicators and hectographs, were common technologies for printing small quantities of a document, as in office work, classroom materials, and church bulletins. Early fanzines were printed by mimeograph because the machines and supplies were widely available and inexpensive. Beginning in the late 1960s and continuing into the 1970s, photocopying gradually displaced mimeographs, spirit duplicators, and hectographs. For even smaller quantities, up to about five, a typist would use carbon paper. Origins Use of stencils is an ancient art, butthrough chemistry, papers, and pressestechniques advanced rapidly in the late nineteenth century: Papyrograph A description of the Papyrograph meth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raymond Loewy
Raymond Loewy ( , ; November 5, 1893 – July 14, 1986) was a French-born American industrial designer who achieved fame for the magnitude of his design efforts across a variety of industries. He was recognized for this by ''Time'' magazine and featured on its cover on October 31, 1949. He spent most of his professional career in the United States, becoming a naturalized citizen in 1938. Among his designs were the Shell, Exxon, TWA and the former BP logos, the Greyhound Scenicruiser bus, Coca-Cola vending machines and bottle redesign, the Lucky Strike package, Coldspot refrigerators, the Studebaker Avanti and Champion, and the Air Force One livery. He was engaged by equipment manufacturer International Harvester to overhaul its entire product line, and his team also assisted competitor Allis-Chalmers. He undertook numerous railroad designs, including the Pennsylvania Railroad GG1, S-1, and T1 locomotives, the color scheme and Eagle motif for the first streamliners of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tottenham Hale
Tottenham Hale is a district of north London and part of the London Borough of Haringey, bounded by the River Lea and located to the south/south-east of Tottenham proper. From 1850 to 1965, it was part of the Municipal Borough of Tottenham, in Middlesex. The area is currently undergoing major regeneration. Etymology Tottenham Hale takes its name from the old English word Hale (to hoist or pull), as goods (particularly timber) were unloaded from the River Lea for onward transport by road at this point. Character of the area Centred around Tottenham Hale station the area was formerly largely industrial in character with an emphasis on timber related products. The industrial sites have become large residential areas and a retail park. The retail park was looted and set alight in the 2011 England riots. Since then there have been a large-scale housing project constructed, and Haringey Council has formulated plans to redevelop the area. The east of Tottenham Hale borders the London ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Photocopier
A photocopier (also called copier or copy machine, and formerly Xerox machine, the generic trademark) is a machine that makes copies of documents and other visual images onto paper or plastic film quickly and cheaply. Most modern photocopiers use a technology called ''xerography'', a dry process that uses electrostatic charges on a light-sensitive photoreceptor to first attract and then transfer toner particles (a powder) onto paper in the form of an image. The toner is then fused onto the paper using heat, pressure, or a combination of both. Copiers can also use other technologies, such as inkjet, but xerography is standard for office copying. Commercial xerographic office photocopying was introduced by Xerox in 1959, and it gradually replaced copies made by Verifax, Photostat, carbon paper, mimeograph machines, and other duplicating machines. Photocopying is widely used in the business, education, and government sectors. While there have been predictions that photocopiers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spirit Duplicator
A spirit duplicator (also referred to as a Rexograph or Ditto machine in North America, Banda machine in the UK, Gestetner machine in Australia) is a printing method invented in 1923 by Wilhelm Ritzerfeld that was commonly used for much of the rest of the 20th century. The term "spirit duplicator" refers to the alcohols that were a major component of the solvents used as "inks" in these machines. The device coexisted alongside the mimeograph. Spirit duplicators were used mainly by schools, churches, clubs, and other small organizations, such as in the production of fanzines, because of the limited number of copies one could make from an original, along with the low cost (and corresponding low quality) of copying. History The spirit duplicator was invented in 1923 by Wilhelm Ritzerfeld. The best-known manufacturer in the United States and the world was Ditto Corporation of Illinois. Copiers in the United Kingdom were commonly manufactured by Associated Automation Ltd of Willes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nashuatec
Nashuatec was one of the main brands used by parent company Ricoh to sell office equipment within Europe. It was particularly strong in Germany and the Netherlands where it had the biggest share. Along with Rex Rotary and Gestetner, it was one of the three brands of the NRG Group. NRG Group has now been merged into Ricoh Europe as of 1 April 2007. See also * Photocopying A photocopier (also called copier or copy machine, and formerly Xerox machine, the generic trademark) is a machine that makes copies of documents and other visual images onto paper or plastic film quickly and cheaply. Most modern photocopiers u ... External links Nashuatec {{Ricoh Companies acquired by Ricoh Companies with year of establishment missing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ricoh
is a Japanese multinational imaging and electronics company (law), company. It was founded by the now-defunct commercial division of the Riken, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (Riken) known as the ''Riken concern (business), Concern'', on 6 February 1936 as . Ricoh's headquarters are located in Ōta, Tokyo, Ota, Tokyo. Ricoh produces electronic products, primarily cameras and office equipment such as Printer (computing), printers, photocopiers, fax machines, offers Software as a service, Software as a Service (SaaS) document management applications such as DocumentMall, RicohDocs, GlobalScan, Print&Share and also offers Projectors. In the late 1990s through early 2000s, the company grew to become the largest copier manufacturer in the world. During this time, Ricoh acquired Savin (photocopiers), Savin, Gestetner, Lanier, Rex-Rotary, Monroe Calculator Company, Monroe, Nashuatec, Ikon Office Solutions, IKON and most recently IBM Printing Systems Division / Infoprint ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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