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Georges Boudarel
Émile Raymond Georges Marius Boudarel (21 December 1926 – 26 December 2003) was a French academic and militant communist who was accused of torturing French prisoners for the Viet Minh during the First Indochina War. Biography Born at Saint-Étienne, Loire, Boudarel studied at a Marist seminary before becoming a history professor at the Saigon Lycée Marie-Curie in the late 1940s and during the First Indochina War. He led the Indochinese branch of the French Communist Party, called ''Groupe culturel marxiste''. In 1949, Boudarel, now a teacher of philosophy at the Lycée Yersin in Da Lat, left his job and joined with the Viet Minh in the North of Tonkin, where he was made a political commissar in the prisoner camp "Camp 113" at Lang-Kieu, near the Chinese border, South of Ha-Giang. He went by the ''nom de guerre'' of Dai Dong. Numerous testimonies of survivors of the camp later accused Boudarel of torturing French Army prisoners "with perverse cruelty, he applied t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Federation Of Trade Unions
The World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) is an international federation of trade unions established in 1945. Founded in the immediate aftermath of World War Two, the organization built on the pre-war legacy of the International Federation of Trade Unions as a single structure for trade unions world-wide. With the emergence of the Cold War in the late 1940s, the WFTU splintered, with most trade unions from the Western-aligned countries leaving and creating the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) in 1949. Throughout the Cold War, membership of the WFTU was made up predominantly of trade unions from the Soviet-aligned and non-aligned countries. However, there were notable exceptions to this, such as the Yugoslav and Chinese unions, which departed following the Tito-Stalin and Sino-Soviet splits, respectively, or the French CGT and Italian CGIL unions, who were members. With the end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the WFTU l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Baptiste Biaggi
Jean-Baptiste Biaggi (27 August 1917 – 29 July 2009) was a French politician. Biaggi was born in Ponce, Puerto Rico, on 27 August 1917. He attended Lycée de Bastia, and before graduating from Faculty of Law of Paris. During World War II, Biaggi was a member of the French Resistance. His actions during the conflict were honored with the Escapees' Medal and Resistance Medal. He was also a knight of the Legion of Honour. Following the war, Biaggi served on the National Assembly from 1958 to 1962. He was elected from Paris's 14th constituency in Seine department and affiliated with the Union for the New Republic. Between 1959 and 1961, Biaggi sat on the Senate, as a representative of the National Assembly. After stepping down from the French Parliament, Biaggi was mayor of Cagnano Cagnano (; co, Cagnanu) is a commune in the Haute-Corse department of France on the island of Corsica. Population See also *Communes of the Haute-Corse department The following is a list ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yves Daoudal
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Yves may refer to: * Yves, Charente-Maritime, a commune of the Charente-Maritime department in France * Yves (given name), including a list of people with the name * ''Yves'' (single album), a single album by Loona * ''Yves'' (film), a 2019 French film See also * Yves Tumor, U.S. musician * * Eve (other) * Evette (other) * Yvette (other) * Yvon (other) * Yvonne (other) Yvonne is a female given name. Yvonne may also refer to: * Yvonne (band), a 1993—2002 Swedish group featuring Henric de la Cour * Yvonne (cow) a German cow that escaped and was missing for several weeks in 2011 * ''Yvonne'' (musical), a 1926 We ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Court Of Human Rights
The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR or ECtHR), also known as the Strasbourg Court, is an international court of the Council of Europe which interprets the European Convention on Human Rights. The court hears applications alleging that a contracting state has breached one or more of the human rights enumerated in the Convention or its optional protocols to which a member state is a party. The European Convention on Human Rights is also referred to by the initials "ECHR". The court is based in Strasbourg, France. An application can be lodged by an individual, a group of individuals, or one or more of the other contracting states. Aside from judgments, the court can also issue advisory opinions. The convention was adopted within the context of the Council of Europe, and all of its 46 member states are contracting parties to the convention. Russia, having been expelled from the Council of Europe as of 16 March 2022, ceased to be a party to the convention with effect from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Court Of Cassation (France)
The Court of Cassation (french: Cour de cassation ) is one of the four courts of last resort in France. It has jurisdiction over all civil and criminal matters triable in the judicial system; it is the supreme court of appeal in these cases. It has jurisdiction to review the law, as well as to certify questions of law, to determine miscarriages of justice. The Court is located in the Palace of Justice in the 1st arrondissement of Paris. The Court does not have jurisdiction over cases involving claims against administrators or public bodies, which fall within the jurisdiction of administrative courts, for which the Council of State acts as the supreme court of appeal; nor over cases involving constitutional issues, which fall within the jurisdiction of the Constitutional Council; nor over cases involving disputes about which of these courts has jurisdiction, which are heard by the Jurisdictional Disputes Tribunal. Collectively, these four courts form the topmost tier of the F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crime Against Humanity
Crimes against humanity are widespread or systemic acts committed by or on behalf of a ''de facto'' authority, usually a state, that grossly violate human rights. Unlike war crimes, crimes against humanity do not have to take place within the context of war, and apply to widespread practices rather than acts committed by individuals. Although crimes against humanity apply to acts committed by or on behalf of authorities, they need not be official policy, and require only tolerance rather than explicit approval. The first prosecution for crimes against humanity took place at the Nuremberg trials. Initially being considered for legal use, widely in international law, following the Holocaust a global standard of human rights was articulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948). Political groups or states that violate or incite violation of human rights norms, as found in the Declaration, are an expression of the political pathologies associated with crimes against ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Jacques Beucler
Jean-Jacques is a French name, equivalent to "John James" in English. Since the second half of 18th century, Jean Jacques Rousseau was widely known as Jean Jacques. Notable people bearing this name include: Given name * Jean-Jacques Annaud (born 1943), French film director, screenwriter and producer * John James Audubon, born Jean-Jacques Rabin (1785–1851), American ornithologist and painter from Breton origin * Jean-Jacques Bertrand (1916–1973), Premier of Quebec, Canada * Jean-Jacques Burnel (born 1952), Franco-English musician, bassist * Jean-Jacques Challet-Venel (1811–1893), member of the Swiss Federal Council * Jean-Jacques Colin (1784-1865), French chemist * Jean-Jacques Conceição (born 1964), Angolan basketball player * Jean-Jacques De Gucht (born 1983), Flemish politician and member of Open VLD * Jean-Jacques Dessalines (1758–1806), a leader of the Haïtian Revolution * Jean-Jacques Domoraud (born 1981), Côte d'Ivoire footballer * Jean-Jacques Goldman (born 19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Senate
The Senate (french: Sénat, ) is the upper house of the French Parliament, with the lower house being the National Assembly, the two houses constituting the legislature of France. The French Senate is made up of 348 senators (''sénateurs'' and ''sénatrices'') elected by part of the country's local councillors (in indirect elections), as well as by representatives of French citizens living abroad. Senators have six-year terms, with half of the seats up for election every three years. The Senate enjoys less prominence than the first, or lower house, the National Assembly, which is elected on direct universal ballot and upon the majority of which the Government has to rely: in case of disagreement, the Assembly can in many cases have the last word, although the Senate keeps a role in some key procedures, such as constitutional amendments and most importantly legislation about itself. Bicameralism was first introduced in France in 1795; as in many countries, it assigned the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mai 68
Beginning in May 1968, a period of civil unrest occurred throughout France, lasting some seven weeks and punctuated by demonstrations, general strikes, as well as the occupation of universities and factories. At the height of events, which have since become known as May 68, the economy of France came to a halt. The protests reached such a point that political leaders feared civil war or revolution; the national government briefly ceased to function after President Charles de Gaulle secretly fled France to West Germany on the 29th. The protests are sometimes linked to similar movements that occurred around the same time worldwide and inspired a generation of protest art in the form of songs, imaginative graffiti, posters, and slogans. The unrest began with a series of far-left student occupation protests against capitalism, consumerism, American imperialism and traditional institutions. Heavy police repression of the protesters led France's trade union confederations to ca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CNRS
The French National Centre for Scientific Research (french: link=no, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, CNRS) is the French state research organisation and is the largest fundamental science agency in Europe. In 2016, it employed 31,637 staff, including 11,137 tenured researchers, 13,415 engineers and technical staff, and 7,085 contractual workers. It is headquartered in Paris and has administrative offices in Brussels, Beijing, Tokyo, Singapore, Washington, D.C., Bonn, Moscow, Tunis, Johannesburg, Santiago de Chile, Israel, and New Delhi. From 2009 to 2016, the CNRS was ranked No. 1 worldwide by the SCImago Institutions Rankings (SIR), an international ranking of research-focused institutions, including universities, national research centers, and companies such as Facebook or Google. The CNRS ranked No. 2 between 2017 and 2021, then No. 3 in 2022 in the same SIR, after the Chinese Academy of Sciences and before universities such as Harvard University, MIT ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paris Diderot University
Paris Diderot University, also known as Paris 7 (french: Université Paris Diderot), was a French university located in Paris, France. It was one of the inheritors of the historic University of Paris, which was split into 13 universities in 1970. Paris Diderot merged with Paris Descartes University in 2019 to form Paris Cité University. With two Nobel Prize laureates, two Fields Medal winners and two former French Ministers of Education among its faculty or former faculty, the university was famous for its teaching in science, especially in mathematics. Many fundamental results of the theory of probability were discovered at one of its research centres, the ''Laboratoire de Probabilités et Modèles Aléatoires'' (Laboratory of Probability and Random Models). History Paris Diderot University was one of the heirs of the old University of Paris, which ceased to exist in 1970. Professors from the faculties of Science, of Medicine and of Humanities chose then to create a new mul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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