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General Intelligence Directorate (Syria)
The General Intelligence Directorate ( ar, إِدَارَةُ الْمُخَابَرَاتِ الْعَامَّةِ, ''ʾIdārat al-Mukhābarāt al-ʿAmmāh''), also known as the ''General Security Directorate'' or ''Syrian GID'', is the most important civil intelligence service of Syria and plays an important role in quelling internal dissent. The General Intelligence Directorate conducts surveillance of the Syrian population, directs foreign intelligence, and monitors activities in Lebanon. Organization The General Intelligence Directorate is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Interior. It is divided into three branches: * Internal Security Division (Branch 251) *External Security Division *Palestinian Affairs Division The internal security division is responsible for the internal surveillance of the population. The external security division is responsible for foreign intelligence work. And, the Palestinian division is responsible for monitoring the activities of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of Syria
Government of the Syrian Arab Republic is the union government created by the constitution of Syria where by the president is the head of state and the prime minister is the head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Syria has a legislative council with 250 members. The country has been in a civil war since 2011 against various domestic and foreign forces that oppose both the Syrian government and each other, in varying combinations. The seat of the government is located in Damascus, Syria. Administration The executive branch consists of the president, two vice presidents, the prime minister, and the Council of Ministers (cabinet). The constitution requires the president to be a Muslim. , President , Bashar al-Assad , Ba'ath Party , 17 July 2000 , - , Prime Minister , Hussein Arnous , Ba'ath Party , 11 June 2020 Council of Ministers A Council of Ministers, or cabinet, which currently consists of 30 members, perform the day-to-day administrative fu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational union, supranational political union, political and economic union of Member state of the European Union, member states that are located primarily in Europe, Europe. The union has a total area of and an estimated total population of about 447million. The EU has often been described as a ''sui generis'' political entity (without precedent or comparison) combining the characteristics of both a federation and a confederation. Containing 5.8per cent of the world population in 2020, the EU generated a nominal gross domestic product (GDP) of around trillion in 2021, constituting approximately 18per cent of global nominal GDP. Additionally, all EU states but Bulgaria have a very high Human Development Index according to the United Nations Development Programme. Its cornerstone, the European Union Customs Union, Customs Union, paved the way to establishing European Single Market, an internal single market based on standardised European Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hafez Makhlouf
Hafez Mohamad Makhlouf ( ar, حافظ مخلوف; born 2 April 1971), also known as Hafez Makhlouf, is a retired Syrian colonel and former intelligence officer who was head of the Damascus branch of the Syrian General Intelligence Directorate. He was a member of Syrian president Bashar al-Assad's "inner circle" of close supporters. Early life Makhlouf was born in Damascus on 2 April 1971. He is the maternal cousin of Syrian president Bashar al-Assad and the brother of Rami Makhlouf, Syria's leading businessman. He is also a cousin of Atef Najib, political security chief in the city of Daraa. He was commissioned in the Republican Guard in 1992 and was a close friend of Bassel al-Assad. Makhlouf was injured in the high-speed car crash in 1994 that killed Bashar al-Assad's elder brother, Bassel al-Assad. Career Makhlouf was a Colonel of the Army and the head of intelligence at the General Security Directorate's Damascus branch until 2014. Controversy Sanctions Makhlouf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hossam Mohammad Louka
Hossam or Hussam or Hosam or Husam (; ar, حسام) is an Arabic/Semitic male given name and surname. It means the sharp sword or a cutting blade. In some traditions it translates to "sword of justice" or "sword that divides justice and injustice". Notable people with the name include: Given name *Hossam Abdelmoneim (born 1975), Egyptian football player * Hossam AlJabri, activist, preacher and speaker on Islam and Muslims * Hossam Mohammed Amin, Iraqi general under Saddam Hussein's government *Hossam Arafat (Egyptian football player) (born 1990), Egyptian footballer * Hossam Arafat (Palestinian politician) *Hossam Ashour, (born 1986), Egyptian footballer * Hossam El-Badry (born 1960), Egyptian football manager and former footballer *Hossam Bahgat (born c. 1978), Egyptian human rights activist and investigative journalist *Hossam Eisa, Egyptian politician and academic *Hussam Fawzi, Iraqi footballer *Hossam Ghaly (born 1981), Egyptian football midfielder *Hossam Habib (born 1980), Eg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tawfiq Younes
Tawfiq Younes ( ar, توفيق يونس), also known as ''Tawfik Yunes'', is a retired Major General who was head of the internal branch of the Syrian General Intelligence Directorate (GID), also known as Branch 251 from 2011 to 2016. In 2011, the European Union sanctioned him for "being involved in violence against the civilian population during the Syrian uprisings". He is also sanctioned by Britain and Canada. References People of the Syrian civil war Syrian Alawites Syrian generals People from Tartus {{Syria-bio-stub Syrian individuals subject to the European Union sanctions Syrian individuals subject to United Kingdom sanctions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mohammed Dib Zaitoun
Mohammed Dib Zaitoun ( ar, محمد ديب زيتون; born 20 February 1951) is a former head of the Syrian General Security Directorate and a close adviser of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. He is one of many officials sanctioned by the European Union for their actions against protesters participating in the Syrian civil war. Background Maj Gen Dib Zaitoun was born in Damascus to a Sunni family. His father was a Sergeant in the Syrian Army. He was commissioned as a Lieutenant in a Mechanized Infantry regiment in the Syrian Arab Army in November 1971 after graduating from the 3-year long officer course at the Homs Military Academy. Before taking up his current position as head of the General Security Directorate, he was the head of the Political Security Directorate (PSD). He took over the PSD position in 2009 after the previous head Muhammad Mansoura was removed because of his involvement in organized smuggling activity on the Syrian Iraqi border. Before being head of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jamil Hassan (military Officer)
Jamil Hassan ( ar, جميل حسن) was the head of the Syrian Air Force Intelligence Directorate and a close adviser to President Bashar al-Assad. He is reported to be under house arrest. Career Hassan was appointed head of the Syrian Air Force Intelligence Directorate in 2009. Sanctions Hassan was sanctioned by the European Union on 9 May 2011. He was added to the European Union's sanction list on the grounds that he "involved in violence against the civilian population" during the Syrian civil war. On 29 June 2011, the United States also sanctioned him due to his involvement in human rights abuses in Syria. Reports of assassination According to Free Syrian Army reports he was assassinated on 26 August 2012 by an aide, who was an operative of the Ahfad al-Rasul Brigade. However, Al Dunya, a pro-government TV channel, denied this report the same day. Hassan gave an interview for ''The Independent'' in November 2016, proving the claims of his death false. He stated that the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anwar Raslan
Anwar Raslan (; born 3 February 1963) is a former Syrian colonel who led a unit of Syria's General Intelligence Directorate. In January 2022, he was convicted of crimes against humanity in a German Higher Regional Court under universal jurisdiction. The specific charges against him were 4,000 counts of torture, 58 counts of murder, rape and sexual coercion. His case was the first international war crimes case against a member of the Syrian government during the presidency of Bashar al-Assad. Early life and career Anwar Raslan was born in 1963 in Taldou in the Homs governorate, Syria. After completing a degree in law, he served as a security service officer in Damascus. In 2006, Raslan was responsible for the detention of Syrian lawyer and human rights defender Anwar al-Bunni. In 2008, he became colonel, and head of the intelligence department of Branch 251 (internal branch), also known as branch al-Khatib, part of the General Intelligence Directorate. Raslan was tasked wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Mamlouk
Ali Mamlouk ( ar, علي مملوك) (born 19 February 1946) is a special security adviser to Syrian president Bashar al-Assad and is one of his trusted men. Mamlouk is also head of the National Security Bureau of the Ba'ath Party. Early life Ali Mamluk was born in Damascus into a Sunni family on 19 February 1946. There is another report giving his birth year as 1945. His family is originally from İskenderun (Hatay in Turkey). Career Mamlouk is said to be one of the founding officers of the Syrian Air Force Intelligence in the 1970s. He was deputy director there, when in June 2005 President Bashar Assad appointed him head of the General Security Directorate. Mamlouk is said to be on good terms with all of Syria's intelligence agencies; the heads of the Air Force Intelligence Directorate and the Political Security Directorate were once his assistants. In July 2012 following the Damascus security HQ bombing, it was reported that Mamlouk would become the head of the Nation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hisham Ikhtiyar
Major General Hisham Ikhtiyar ( ar, هشام اختيار); 1941 – 20 July 2012) (family name also transliterated as Ikhtiar, Bakhtiar, Bekhityar, Bekhtyar and other variants) was a Syrian military official, and a national security adviser to president Bashar al-Assad. Early life Hisham Ikhtiyar was born to a Sunni family in Damascus in 1941. Career Ikhtiyar was director of the general security directorate from 2001 to 2005. He was one of the effective Syrian officers, who monitored and repressed the Muslim Brotherhood in Syria. Then he was appointed head of Syria’s general intelligence directorate. In addition, he was an advisor to Syrian president Bashar Assad. He was appointed director of the Ba'ath Party regional command's national security bureau (NSB) in 2005. Controversy Ikhtiyar was regarded as a part of Assad's inner circle. In 2006, the United States Treasury Department announced that American citizens and organizations were forbidden from engaging in any trans ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
