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GUMPS
GUMPS is an acronym widely used by retractable gear aircraft pilots as a mental checklist to ensure nothing critical has been forgotten before landing. Its popularity is widespread, appearing in flight student curricula, FAA publications and aviation magazines. Due to distraction and preoccupation during the landing sequence approximately 100 gear-up landing incidents occurred each year in the United States between 1998 and 2003. The checklist GUMPS stands for: * G – Gas (Fuel on the proper tank, fuel pump on as required, positive fuel pressure) * U – Undercarriage (landing gear down) * M – Mixture (fuel mixture set) * P – Propeller (prop set) * S – Seat belts A seat belt (also known as a safety belt, or spelled seatbelt) is a vehicle safety device designed to secure the driver or a passenger of a vehicle against harmful movement that may result during a collision or a sudden stop. A seat belt red ... and Switches (lights, pitot heat, etc.) See also * BUMMM ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BUMMMFITCHH
BUMMMFITCHH is one form of a mnemonic used by pilots to remember the sequence of actions required when an aeroplane is on approach to land. A shorter version for simple aircraft is BMFFH; many variations exist for different aircraft types. The checklist Many of the steps in the pre-landing checklist are double-checks to eliminate the possibility of unexpected failure of the aircraft. Other steps convert the aircraft from a configuration that is optimised for economical flight to one that is safe for landing. Since landing is the most dangerous stage of a flight, it is important to be pre-warned if an engine failure may be likely to occur or to deal with any problem at this point. The checklist of actions is given below in its most complete possible form. O-B-U-M-M-M-P-F-F-I-T-C-H-H * O - Open carburettor heater * B - Brakes free * U - Undercarriage down and locked * M - Mixtures * M - Magnetos * M - Master switch * P - Propeller Pitch * F - Fuel * F - Flaps * I - Instrument ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Aviation Mnemonics
Mnemonics are used by aircraft pilots for the safe management of a flight. List of mnemonics * ANDS (in the Northern hemisphere) - Accelerate North Decelerate South. SAND in the Southern hemisphere. * BLITTS - pre-takeoff checks *BUMMMFITCHH - pre-landing checks * CBSIFTBEC - Canadian glider pre-takeoff checks *CIGAR - pre-takeoff checks * CISTRSC - UK glider pre-takeoff checks *CRAFT - instrument flight rules clearance checks *FATPL - pre-takeoff checks. Fuel, Altimeters, Transponder, Pitot Heat, Landing Light. * FREDA - en-route checks *GUMPS - pre-landing checks * HASELL - checks before aerial manoeuvres *IMSAFE - personal wellness checks *OWLS - checks to assess an unprepared surface for a precautionary landing *PARE - spin recovery technique * TMPFFGH - Trim, Mixture, Pitch, Fuel, Flaps, Engine Air Ventilation, Hydraulic Pressure. Avro Lancaster pre-takeoff checks. * UNOS (in the Northern hemisphere) - Undershoot North, Overshoot South. To compensate for magnetic dip when turni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aviation Mnemonics
Mnemonics are used by aircraft pilots for the safe management of a flight. List of mnemonics * ANDS (in the Northern hemisphere) - Accelerate North Decelerate South. SAND in the Southern hemisphere. * BLITTS - pre-takeoff checks *BUMMMFITCHH - pre-landing checks * CBSIFTBEC - Canadian glider pre-takeoff checks *CIGAR - pre-takeoff checks * CISTRSC - UK glider pre-takeoff checks *CRAFT - instrument flight rules clearance checks *FATPL - pre-takeoff checks. Fuel, Altimeters, Transponder, Pitot Heat, Landing Light. * FREDA - en-route checks *GUMPS - pre-landing checks * HASELL - checks before aerial manoeuvres *IMSAFE - personal wellness checks *OWLS - checks to assess an unprepared surface for a precautionary landing *PARE - spin recovery technique * TMPFFGH - Trim, Mixture, Pitch, Fuel, Flaps, Engine Air Ventilation, Hydraulic Pressure. Avro Lancaster pre-takeoff checks. * UNOS (in the Northern hemisphere) - Undershoot North, Overshoot South. To compensate for magnetic dip when turni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Aviation Administration
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is the largest transportation agency of the U.S. government and regulates all aspects of civil aviation in the country as well as over surrounding international waters. Its powers include air traffic management, certification of personnel and aircraft, setting standards for airports, and protection of U.S. assets during the launch or re-entry of commercial space vehicles. Powers over neighboring international waters were delegated to the FAA by authority of the International Civil Aviation Organization. Created in , the FAA replaced the former Civil Aeronautics Administration (CAA) and later became an agency within the U.S. Department of Transportation. Major functions The FAA's roles include: *Regulating U.S. commercial space transportation *Regulating air navigation facilities' geometric and flight inspection standards *Encouraging and developing civil aeronautics, including new aviation technology *Issuing, suspending, or revoki ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avgas
Avgas (aviation gasoline, also known as aviation spirit in the UK) is an aviation fuel used in aircraft with spark-ignited internal combustion engines. ''Avgas'' is distinguished from conventional gasoline (petrol) used in motor vehicles, which is termed ''mogas'' (motor gasoline) in an aviation context. Unlike motor gasoline, which has been formulated since the 1970s to allow the use of platinum-content catalytic converters for pollution reduction, the most commonly used grades of avgas still contain tetraethyllead (TEL), a toxic substance used to prevent engine knocking (premature detonation). There are ongoing experiments aimed at eventually reducing or eliminating the use of TEL in aviation gasoline. Kerosene-based jet fuel is formulated to suit the requirements of turbine engines which have no octane requirement and operate over a much wider flight envelope than piston engines. Kerosene is also used by most diesel piston engines developed for aviation use, such as t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Landing Gear
Landing gear is the undercarriage of an aircraft or spacecraft that is used for takeoff or landing. For aircraft it is generally needed for both. It was also formerly called ''alighting gear'' by some manufacturers, such as the Glenn L. Martin Company. For aircraft, Stinton makes the terminology distinction ''undercarriage (British) = landing gear (US)''. For aircraft, the landing gear supports the craft when it is not flying, allowing it to take off, land, and taxi without damage. Wheeled landing gear is the most common, with skis or floats needed to operate from snow/ice/water and skids for vertical operation on land. Faster aircraft have retractable undercarriages, which fold away during flight to reduce drag. Some unusual landing gear have been evaluated experimentally. These include: no landing gear (to save weight), made possible by operating from a catapult cradle and flexible landing deck: air cushion (to enable operation over a wide range of ground obstacles and wat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mixture Control
A carburetor (also spelled carburettor) is a device used by an internal combustion engine to control and mix air and fuel entering the engine. The primary method of adding fuel to the intake air is through the venturi tube in the main metering circuit, however various other components are also used to provide extra fuel or air in specific circumstances. Since the 1990s, carburetors have been largely replaced by fuel injection for cars and trucks, however carburetors are still used by some small engines (e.g. lawnmowers, generators and concrete mixers) and motorcycles. Diesel engines have always used fuel injection instead of carburetors. Etymology The name "carburetor" is derived from the verb ''carburet'', which means "to combine with carbon," or in particular, "to enrich a gas by combining it with carbon or hydrocarbons." Thus a carburetor mixes intake air with hydrocarbon-based fuel, such as petrol or autogas (LPG). The name is spelled "carburetor" in American English an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Propeller
A propeller (colloquially often called a screw if on a ship or an airscrew if on an aircraft) is a device with a rotating hub and radiating blades that are set at a pitch to form a helical spiral which, when rotated, exerts linear thrust upon a working fluid such as water or air. Propellers are used to pump fluid through a pipe or duct, or to create thrust to propel a boat through water or an aircraft through air. The blades are specially shaped so that their rotational motion through the fluid causes a pressure difference between the two surfaces of the blade by Bernoulli's principle which exerts force on the fluid. Most marine propellers are screw propellers with helical blades rotating on a propeller shaft (ship), propeller shaft with an approximately horizontal axis. History Early developments The principle employed in using a screw propeller is derived from sculling. In sculling, a single blade is moved through an arc, from side to side taking care to keep presenting the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seat Belts
A seat belt (also known as a safety belt, or spelled seatbelt) is a vehicle safety device designed to secure the driver or a passenger of a vehicle against harmful movement that may result during a collision or a sudden stop. A seat belt reduces the likelihood of death or serious injury in a traffic collision by reducing the force of secondary impacts with interior strike hazards, by keeping occupants positioned correctly for maximum effectiveness of the airbag (if equipped), and by preventing occupants being ejected from the vehicle in a crash or if the vehicle rolls over. When in motion, the driver and passengers are traveling at the same speed as the vehicle. If the vehicle suddenly stops or crashes, the occupants continue at the same speed the vehicle was going before it stopped. A seatbelt applies an opposing force to the driver and passengers to prevent them from falling out or making contact with the interior of the car (especially preventing contact with, or going ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
