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Gädlä Sämaʿtat
The ''Gadla Samāʿtāt'' (also spelled ''Gädlä Sämaʿtat'', meaning "Spiritual Combat of the Martyrs") is an Ethiopic (Ge'ez) compilation of saints' lives, with the oldest components dating to the 13th century. Egyptian martyrs are well represented but there are other Eastern saints as well. They are ordered by day of commemoration in the Ethiopian liturgical calendar. The texts are all translations from Arabic save the life of Wasilides, which was translated from Coptic. It is an open question whether any of the lives are derived from Greek originals, but there is evidence favouring it in some cases (e.g, lack of Arabisms). The ''Gadla Samāʿtāt'' is a body of texts that only gradually came together as a collection. The earliest attestation of a collection known as ''Gadla Samāʿt'' is found in an inventory of Istifanos Monastery from 1292 referring to books donated by Iyasus Mo'a. The translation of many individual lives, however, is attributed to Abuna Salama II () ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abuna Salama II
Salama II was ''Abuna'', or head of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church from 1348 to 1388. During his tenure a number of translations into the Ge'ez language appeared, which has resulted with him being remembered as "Abba Salama, the Translator."Taddesse Tamrat"The Abbots of Dabra Hayq, 1248-1535" ''Journal of Ethiopian Studies'', 8 (1970), p. 102 Edward Ullendorff discusses his entry in the Ethiopian ''Synaxarium'' for 21 Nahase, which states, "By your lips sweeter than the scent of myrrh and aloe/Have the Scriptures been translated from Arabic into Ge'ez." Although this Salama could be identified with Frumentius, who converted Ethiopia to Christianity, Ullendorff shows that this entry refers to this ''Abuna'', who is associated with "a revision of the existing Bible translations". Taddesse Tamrat notes that "from the great number of translations attributed to him, Salama was no doubt the greatest Egyptian bishop Ethiopia ever had" as well as pointing out he "was on very good ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
15th-century Christian Texts
The 15th century was the century which spans the Julian calendar dates from 1 January 1401 (represented by the Roman numerals MCDI) to 31 December 1500 (MD). In Europe, the 15th century includes parts of the Late Middle Ages, the Early Renaissance, and the early modern period. Many technological, social and cultural developments of the 15th century can in retrospect be seen as heralding the " European miracle" of the following centuries. The architectural perspective, and the modern fields which are known today as banking and accounting were founded in Italy. The Hundred Years' War ended with a decisive French victory over the English in the Battle of Castillon. Financial troubles in England following the conflict resulted in the Wars of the Roses, a series of dynastic wars for the throne of England. The conflicts ended with the defeat of Richard III by Henry VII at the Battle of Bosworth Field, establishing the Tudor dynasty in the later part of the century. Constantino ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Texts In Ge'ez
Text may refer to: Written word * Text (literary theory), any object that can be read, including: **Religious text, a writing that a religious tradition considers to be sacred **Text, a verse or passage from scripture used in expository preaching **Textbook, a book of instruction in any branch of study Computing and telecommunications *Plain text, unformatted text *Text file, a type of computer file opened by most text software * Text string, a sequence of characters manipulated by software *Text message, a short electronic message designed for communication between mobile phone users * Text (Chrome app), a text editor for the Google Chrome web browser *tEXt, an ancillary chunk in the PNG image file format *Text, the former name of Apple's Messages instant messenger * Text (company), an AI and customer service software company Arts and media *TEXT, a Swedish band *'' Text & Talk'' (formerly ''Text''), an academic journal *"Text", a 2010 song produced by J.R. Rotem, featuring ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martyrdom Of Azqir
The ''Martyrdom of Azqīr'' or the ''Acts of Azqir'' (''Gadla Azqir'') is a short Christian hagiography of a preacher named Azqir living in the Himyarite city of Najran. Azqir lived in the second half of the fifth century, during the reign of the Jewish king Sharhabil Yakkuf. He was said to have been one of the first Christians of the city, and its first preacher. Ultimately, Azqir is executed by the king for his religious activities. The martyrdom of Azqir is the first report of a Christian being killed for their faith in South Arabia, part of the first wave of the persecution of the Christiani community of Najran, around 20–30 years after conversions began in the region. The martyrdom of Azqir and other Najranite Christians is commemorated by the Ethiopian church on the date of their calendar 24 Hedar, two days before the commemoration of the martyrdom of Arethas of Najran, who was killed during the great massacre of the Christians of Najran during the reign of Dhu Nuwas. Su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gadla Sama'tat Of Ura Qirqos
A 15th-century Geʽez manuscript containin the hagiography, hagiographical compilation known as the ''Gädlä Sämaʿtat'' (meaning "Vitae of the Martyrs") is currently held by the church of Ura Qirqos, ʿUra Qirqos, near Zalambessa, Zäla Ambässa, Tigray Region, northern Ethiopia. History The manuscript was originally held at the monastery (''gädam'' ገዳም) of Ura Mesqel, ʿUra Mäsqäl (now located within the borders of Eritrea), but was taken to ʿUra Qirqos at the start of the Eritrean–Ethiopian War in the late 1990s. Currently, ʿUra Mäsqäl is located on a difficult-to-access rocky outcrop, surrounded by valleys littered with landmines from the war. In 2010, the manuscript was digitized by the Ethio-SPaRe project. In 2012 and 2013, Ethio-SPaRe performed restoration work on the manuscript, which was in poor condition at the time. Contents The manuscript is a codex made of parchment. Copied by three different scribes, it is 535 × 380 × 200 mm and contains 281 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ethiopian Synaxarium
Ethiopians are the native inhabitants of Ethiopia, as well as the global diaspora of Ethiopia. Ethiopians constitute several component ethnic groups, many of which are closely related to ethnic groups in neighboring Eritrea and other parts of the Horn of Africa. The first documented use of the name "Ethiopia" from Greek name , was in the 4th century during the reign of Aksumite king Ezana. There were three ethnolinguistic groups in the Kingdom of Aksum; Semitic, Cushitic, and Nilo-Saharan (ancestors of the modern-day Kunama and Nara). The Kingdom of Aksum remained a geopolitically influential entity until the decline of its capital — also named Axum — beginning in the 7th century. Nevertheless, the core Aksumite civilization was preserved and continued into the successive Zagwe dynasty. By this time, new ethnic groups emerged – the Tigrayans and Amharas. During the Solomonic period, the latter established major political and cultural influence in the Horn of Africa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calendar Of Saints
The calendar of saints is the traditional Christian method of organizing a liturgical year by associating each day with one or more saints and referring to the day as the feast day or feast of said saint. The word "feast" in this context does not mean "a large meal, typically a celebratory one", but instead "an annual religious celebration, a day dedicated to a particular saint". The system rose from the early Christian custom of commemorating each martyr annually on the date of their death, their birth into heaven, a date therefore referred to in Latin as the martyr's ''dies natalis'' ('day of birth'). In the Eastern Orthodox Church, a calendar of saints is called a ''Menologion''. "Menologion" may also mean a set of icons on which saints are depicted in the order of the dates of their feasts, often made in two panels. History As the number of recognized saints increased during Late Antiquity and the first half of the Middle Ages, eventually every day of the year had at l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manuscript
A manuscript (abbreviated MS for singular and MSS for plural) was, traditionally, any document written by hand or typewritten, as opposed to mechanically printed or reproduced in some indirect or automated way. More recently, the term has come to be understood to further include ''any'' written, typed, or word-processed copy of an author's work, as distinguished from the rendition as a printed version of the same. Before the arrival of prints, all documents and books were manuscripts. Manuscripts are not defined by their contents, which may combine writing with mathematical calculations, maps, music notation, explanatory figures, or illustrations. Terminology The word "manuscript" derives from the (from , hand and from , to write), and is first recorded in English in 1597. An earlier term in English that shares the meaning of a handwritten document is "hand-writ" (or "handwrit"), which is first attested around 1175 and is now rarely used. The study of the writing ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iyasus Mo'a
Iyasus Mo'a (1214 – 1294) was an Ethiopian saint of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church; his feast day is 5 December (26 Hedar in the Ethiopian calendar). In life he was an Ethiopian monk and abbot of Istifanos Monastery in Lake Hayq of Amba Sel. Life Iyasus was born in Dehana, which may have been the woreda in the Wag Hemra Zone, although G.W.B. Huntingford identifies it with Dahna, a village 15 miles east of the Tekeze River.Huntingford, ''The Historical Geography of Ethiopia'' (London: The British Academy, 1989), p. 74 At the age of 30, Iyasus Mo'a travelled to the monastery of Debre Damo during the abbacy of Abba Yohannis where he was made a monk, and was given arduous tasks by the abbot. After seven years, he left Debra Damo and came to live with a eremetic community around the eighth-century church of Istanafanos at Lake Hayq, and organized this group into a monastery with rules and a school. One of the students of this school was Saint Tekle Haymanot, who st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hagiography
A hagiography (; ) is a biography of a saint or an ecclesiastical leader, as well as, by extension, an adulatory and idealized biography of a preacher, priest, founder, saint, monk, nun or icon in any of the world's religions. Early Christian hagiographies might consist of a biography or ' (from Latin ''vita'', life, which begins the title of most medieval biographies), a description of the saint's deeds or miracles, an account of the saint's martyrdom (called a ), or be a combination of these. Christian hagiographies focus on the lives, and notably the miracles, ascribed to men and women canonized by the Roman Catholic church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Oriental Orthodox churches, and the Church of the East. Other religious traditions such as Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism, Islam, Sikhism and Jainism also create and maintain hagiographical texts (such as the Sikh Janamsakhis) concerning saints, gurus and other individuals believed to be imbued with sacred power. However ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Istifanos Monastery
Istifanos Monastery (or St Stephen Monastery) is a monastery in Ethiopia, located in Lake Hayq. (The Stephen commemorated at the monastery is not the Saint Stephen of Acts.) The church structure was built around the 9th century by the Aksumite king Dil Na'od. In the 13th century, the church was converted into a monastery, in large part due to the work of Saint Iyasus Mo'a and later Emperor Yekuno Amlak. History The monastery is responsible for producing five people, known as "Lights" (or important sources of knowledge and Christian salvation) of the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church. One of these Lights was Saint Tekle Haymanot, who was educated in this monastery, and helped to convert Shewa and other southern provinces by ministering and building churches. Istifanos Monastery was looted by Imam Ahmad Gragn in 1531, who, upon coming upon the lake ordered the Arabs in his ranks to construct boats to reach the island. The first boats constructed, which were made out of wood beams ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
