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Gwiazdka Cieszyńska
''Gwiazdka Cieszyńska'' (, ''Cieszyn Star'') was a weekly Polish people, Polish magazine published in Cieszyn (Teschen), Silesia in 1851-1939. After 1906 it appeared biweekly. It succeeded ''Tygodnik Cieszyński'' magazine which appeared in 1848-1851. The magazine accented the Polishness of Silesia and aimed to enlighten and emancipate the people of Cieszyn Silesia, spread national consciousness among Poles and present History of Poland, Polish history and traditions. It however disavowed from the radical social slogans. During the enlightened absolutism, absolutist Bach system of the 1850s-1860s of the Austrian Empire it was the only Polish magazine in Cieszyn Silesia. In the 1860s it had about 1,400 subscribers, 300 of whom lived in Silesia, 600 in Galicia (Central Europe), Galicia. From the 1880s ''Gwiazdka Cieszyńska'' presented almost exclusively Catholic views, that were related to the spiritual evolution of editor Paweł Stalmach, who on his deathbed converted to Catholic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Franz Joseph
Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I ( ; ; 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and the ruler of the Grand title of the emperor of Austria, other states of the Habsburg monarchy from 1848 until his death in 1916. In the early part of his reign, his realms and territories were referred to as the Austrian Empire, but were reconstituted as the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary in 1867. From 1 May 1850 to 24 August 1866, he was also president of the German Confederation. In December 1848, Franz Joseph's uncle Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria, Ferdinand I abdicated the throne at Olomouc, as part of Minister President Felix zu Schwarzenberg's plan to end the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. Franz Joseph then acceded to the throne. In 1854, he married his first cousin Empress Elisabeth of Austria, Duchess Elisabeth in Bavaria, with whom he had four children: Archduchess Sophie of Austria, Sophie, Archduchess Gisela of Austria, Gisela, Rudolf, Crown Pri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
