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Guðmundur Erlendsson
Guðmundur Erlendsson (c. 1595–1670) was an Icelandic poet and clergyman. He was born on the church farm of Fell in Sléttuhlíð, where he later served as parson. His best-known work is ''Einvaldsóður'', a translation of David Lyndsay's poem ''Ane Dialog betwixt Experience and ane Courteor'' (or the ''Monarchie''). In 2017, Icelandic composer Guðmundur Steinn Gunnarsson used the full text of the poem for the chamber opera ''Einvaldsóður'', which premiered at the 2017 Sláturtíð festival. Guðmundur Erlendsson was a versatile and prolific poet who achieved considerable popularity in his day. Although primarily known as a religious poet, he also composed rímur and other poems on subjects as diverse as the life of Aesop, Grýla In Icelandic folklore, Grýla is a monstrous entity who lives in the wilderness of Iceland. The name Grýla is first attested in medieval sources. However, the earliest unambiguous references to Grýla's gender and her association with Christmas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1595
Events January–March * January 16 – Mehmed III succeeds Murad III, as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and begins a reign of almost nine years. Upon ascending the throne, Mehmed orders that all 19 of the other sons of Murad III are to be strangled to death. * January 17 – During the French Wars of Religion, King Henry IV of France declares war on Spain, ordering Henry, Duke of Bouillon to lead armies through Luxembourg for an attack on the Spanish Netherlands (now Belgium). * January 24 – Matthias of Habsburg is appointed by his brother Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, to become the Archduke of '' die Vorlande'', the possessions of the Austrian Habsburgs in Southern Germany outside of Austria, also called Further Austria (''Vorderösterreich''). The appointment follows the death of their uncle, Ferdinand II. Matthias will later become Archduke of Austria (in 1608) and the Emperor in 1612. * January 28 – The Principality of Transylvania (now e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1670
Events January–March * January 17 – Raphael Levy, a Jewish resident of the city of Metz in France, is burned at the stake after being accused of the September 25 abduction and ritual murder of a child who had disappeared from the village of Glatigny. The prosecutor applies to King Louis XIV for an order expelling all 95 Jewish families from Metz, but the king refuses. * January 27 – The Muslim emperor Aurangzeb of the Mughal Empire in India issues an order for the destruction of all Hindu temples and schools in the empire, including the Keshvadeva Temple in Mathura. * February 4 – The Battle of Sinhagad takes place in India (in the modern-day Maharashtra state) as the Maratha Empire army, led by Tanaji Malusare, leads an assault on the Kondhana Fortress that had been captured by the Mughal Empire. Tanaji, called "The Lion" by his followers, captures the fortress by guiding the successful scaling of the walls of the fortress with ladders cre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fell í Sléttuhlíð
Fell (or Fell í Sléttuhlíð) was a farm and church site in Sléttuhlíð in Skagafjörður, Iceland. It was previously a parsonage, but it was shut down in 1891. Fell's current church was built in 1881–1882. The most well-known priest in Fell was Hálfdan Narfason, who was said to be very skilled in magic. He died in Fell in 1568 and had at that time been the longest serving priest there. Later, Erlendur Guðmundsson (died 1641) and his son Guðmundur Erlendsson (born around 1595, died 1670), were priests in Fell for a little over 80 consecutive years from 1585 to 1668. Quite a lot is recorded of Guðmundur's poetry, including psalms and other spiritual poetry, historical poems, commemorative poems, and more. The folklorist Ólafur Davíðsson Olafur Davidsson (26 January 1862 – 6 September 1903), Icelandic: ''Ólafur Davíðsson'', was an Icelandic natural scientist, ethnographer and folklore collector. Biography Davidsson was born on 26 January 1862 at Fell in Slét ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sléttuhlíð
Sléttuhlíð is a district on the east side of Skagafjörður, close to Höfðahólar and out towards the Stafá river. The coast there runs considerably toward the west. The mountain, however, curves rather toward the east so that the lowland widens significantly. Although from the western coast of Höfðaströnd the lowlands are level. Sléttuhlíð is a long hill, 173 meters tall, between two oblong lakes called Kappastaðavatn and the Sléttuhlíðarvatn. Between the hill and the mountains there is a low-lying dell, relatively lush, with several farms including the church site Fell. Hálfdan Narfason was a priest there centuries ago and was said to have been skilled in magic. To the west of Fell is the abandoned farm Fjall where Sölvi Helgason Sölvi Helgason (August 16, 1820 – November 27, 1895) was an artist, philosopher and drifter in Iceland. If he hadn't been arrested, we might not know anything more about Sölvi than folk tales about his life. He never went to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Lyndsay
Sir David Lyndsay of the Mount (c. 1486 – c. 1555; surname sometimes transcribed as Lindsay) was a Scottish knight, poet, and herald who gained the highest heraldic office of Lyon King of Arms. He remains a well regarded poet whose works reflect the spirit of the Renaissance, specifically as a makar. Biography He was the son of David Lyndsay – second of the Mount (Fife), and of Garmylton ( Haddingtonshire) – who died ''circa'' 1503. Lyndsay the younger's place of birth and early education are unknown, but he may have attended the University of St Andrews, on the books of which appears an entry "Da Lindesay" for the session 1508–1509. He was engaged as a courtier in the Royal Household; first as an equerry, then as an usher (assistant to a head-tutor) to the future King James V of Scotland. His poems mention that he was involved in the education of James V and some contain advice for the young king. The Treasurer's Accounts are missing from September 1518 to June 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guðmundur Steinn Gunnarsson
Guðmundur Steinn Gunnarsson (born 1982) is an Icelandic composer, performer and a founding member of S.L.Á.T.U.R., an experimental arts organization in Reykjavík. In his compositions he has developed a rhythmic language devoid of regular beat or metre, and he has created a new musical notation to represent his music. Biography Guðmundur Steinn was born in Reykjavík, Iceland in 1982. He studied at the Iceland Academy of the Arts, graduating in 2005, and then at Mills College in Oakland, California, where he gained an M.A. degree with a thesis entitled "An Approach to Rhythm". His teachers have included Atli Ingólfsson, Úlfar Haraldsson, Hilmar ór Arson and Hilmar Jensson in Iceland, and Alvin Curran, Fred Frith and John Bischoff at Mills College. He also attended Karlheinz Stockhausen’s courses in Kürten in 2004, went to the Darmstädter Ferienkurse in 2008 and has had masterclasses with Helmut Lachenmann, Tristan Murail, Pauline Oliveros and Clarence Barlow. He has ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rímur
In Icelandic literature, a ''ríma'' (, literally "a rhyme", pl. ''rímur'', ) is an epic poetry, epic poem written in any of the so-called ''rímnahættir'' (, "rímur meters"). They are rhymed, they alliterative verse, alliterate and consist of two to four lines per stanza. The plural, ''rímur'', is either used as an ordinary plural, denoting any two or more rímur, but is also used for more expansive works, containing more than one ríma as a whole. Thus ''Ólafs ríma Haraldssonar'' denotes an epic about Olav II of Norway, Ólafr Haraldsson in one ríma, while ''Núma rímur'' are a multi-part epic on Numa Pompilius. Form ''Rímur'', as the name suggests, rhyme, but like older Germanic alliterative verse, they also contain structural alliteration. ''Rímur'' are stanzaic, and stanzas normally have four lines. There are hundreds of ''ríma'' meters: Sveinbjörn Beinteinsson counts 450 variations in his ''Háttatal''. But they can be grouped in approximately ten ''families''. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aesop
Aesop ( ; , ; c. 620–564 BCE; formerly rendered as Æsop) was a Greeks, Greek wikt:fabulist, fabulist and Oral storytelling, storyteller credited with a number of fables now collectively known as ''Aesop's Fables''. Although his existence remains unclear and no writings by him survive, numerous tales credited to him were gathered across the centuries and in many languages in a storytelling tradition that continues to this day. Many of the tales associated with him are characterized by anthropomorphic animal characters. Scattered details of Aesop's life can be found in ancient sources, including Aristotle, Herodotus, and Plutarch. An ancient literary work called ''The Aesop Romance'' tells an episodic, probably highly fictional version of his life, including the traditional description of him as a strikingly ugly Slavery in Ancient Greece, slave () who by his cleverness acquires freedom and becomes an adviser to kings and city-states. Older spellings of his name have included ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grýla
In Icelandic folklore, Grýla is a monstrous entity who lives in the wilderness of Iceland. The name Grýla is first attested in medieval sources. However, the earliest unambiguous references to Grýla's gender and her association with Christmas date only from the seventeenth century. In seventeenth-century poems about Grýla, she is generally represented as a hideous and greedy troll-like crone who wanders between human settlements and demands charity from those she encounters, often asking for naughty children. Modern depictions of Grýla tend to focus more strongly on her role as the mother of the Yule Lads (). Today, the most monstrous aspects of her character and appearance (such as her appetite for children) are generally toned down for younger audiences. Grýla in medieval sources The name Grýla appears in a list of heiti for troll-women in the ''Prose Edda'', composed in the 13th century by Icelandic skald Snorri Sturluson. However, a list of ''Grýlu heiti'' ('heiti f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish Abductions
The Turkish Abductions ( ) were a series of slave raids by pirates from Algier and Salé that took place in Iceland in the summer of 1627. The adjectival label "''Turkish''" () does not refer to ethnic Turks, country of Turkey or Turkic peoples in general; at the time it was a general term for all Muslims of the Mediterranean since the majority were from or subjects of the Ottoman Empire. The pirates came from the cities of Algiers and Salé. They raided Grindavík, the East Fjords, and Vestmannaeyjar. About 50 people were killed and close to 400 captured and sold into slavery. A ransom was eventually paid, 9 to 18 years later, for the return of 50 individuals. Raids The 1627 raid was not the first one. In 1607, both Iceland and the Faroe Islands were subjected to a slave raid by the Barbary pirates, who abducted hundreds of people for the slave markets of North Africa. In 1627, the Barbary pirates came to Iceland in two groups: the first group was from Salé and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Year Of Birth Uncertain
A year is a unit of time based on how long it takes the Earth to orbit the Sun. In scientific use, the tropical year (approximately 365 solar days, 5 hours, 48 minutes, 45 seconds) and the sidereal year (about 20 minutes longer) are more exact. The modern calendar year, as reckoned according to the Gregorian calendar, approximates the tropical year by using a system of leap years. The term 'year' is also used to indicate other periods of roughly similar duration, such as the lunar year (a roughly 354-day cycle of twelve of the Moon's phasessee lunar calendar), as well as periods loosely associated with the calendar or astronomical year, such as the seasonal year, the fiscal year, the academic year, etc. Due to the Earth's axial tilt, the course of a year sees the passing of the seasons, marked by changes in weather, the hours of daylight, and, consequently, vegetation and soil fertility. In temperate and subpolar regions around the planet, four seasons are g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1670 Deaths
Events January–March * January 17 – Raphael Levy, a Jewish resident of the city of Metz in France, is burned at the stake after being accused of the September 25 abduction and ritual murder of a child who had disappeared from the village of Glatigny. The prosecutor applies to King Louis XIV for an order expelling all 95 Jewish families from Metz, but the king refuses. * January 27 – The Muslim emperor Aurangzeb of the Mughal Empire in India issues an order for the destruction of all Hindu temples and schools in the empire, including the Keshvadeva Temple in Mathura. * February 4 – The Battle of Sinhagad takes place in India (in the modern-day Maharashtra state) as the Maratha Empire army, led by Tanaji Malusare, leads an assault on the Kondhana Fortress that had been captured by the Mughal Empire. Tanaji, called "The Lion" by his followers, captures the fortress by guiding the successful scaling of the walls of the fortress with ladders cre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
