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Guînes
Guînes (; ; ) is a commune in the northern French department of Pas-de-Calais. Historically, it was spelt ''Guisnes''. On 7 January 1785, Jean-Pierre Blanchard, a French pioneer in hydrogen-balloon flight, completed the first aerial crossing of the English Channel, landing in the woods south of Guînes, where a memorial column stands today. Geography Guînes is located on the border of the two territories of the Boulonnais and Calaisis, at the edge of the now-drained marshes, which extend from there to the coast. The Guînes canal connects with Calais. History Historically, Guînes was the capital of a small county of the same name. After the Romans left, in the 5th century, there is little known about the town. In the Dark Ages, according to legend, the territory of Guînes became the property of one Aigneric, Mayor of the Palace of the Burgundian king Théodebert II. In 928, when the Danes invaded and seized the place, it was probably a defenceless village. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
County Of Guînes
The County of Guînes, was a Flemish fief and later French fief in the Middle Ages. The county was split from the County of Boulogne in about 988. Though dominated by the larger county of Flanders, it often acted independently. In 1180, Guînes was passed, together with Ardres, Arras and Saint-Omer, to the French crown as part of the dowry of Isabel of Hainaut when she married Philip II of France. Counts *?-c.965 - Siegfried, Count of Guînes **Although he never seemed to be formally designated as Count, he is historically referred to as such. *c.965-? - Ardolf, Count of Guînes * Raoul, Count of Guînes (son of Ardolf), also known as Ralph or Rodolphe * Eustace, Count of Guînes (son of Raoul) *1065-1091 - Baldwin I, Count of Guînes (son of Eustace), also known as Baudouin *1091-1137 - Robert Manasses, Count of Guînes (son of Baldwin I) *1138-1141 - Aubrey de Vere - jure uxoris *1141-1169 - Arnoul I, Count de Guînes (son of Gisela of Guînes, daughter of Baldwin I) *1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siegfried, Count Of Guînes
Siegfried de Guînes (died c. 965) (), also known as Siegfried "the Dane" (''Sifridus de Dachia''), Sigifrid, or Sigifroy, is believed to have been a Viking who controlled the area around Guînes in 928, although he never seemed to be formally designated as Count even though he is known as such.Lambert of Ardres (Lamberti Ardensis). ''Historia Comitum Ghisnensium''. Edited by I. Heller. Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptorum, vol. 24, pp. 550-642. Hannover, 1879. p. 568. He would have been the founder of the line of the Counts of Guînes. In reality his existence is not proven. The lands of Guînes originally belonged to the Abbey of Sithiu, which later became the Abbey of Saint-Bertin in Saint-Omer, France. In 877, Charles the Bald had confirmed the abbey's possessions of these lands, which were afterwards obtained by the County of Flanders. There are two hypotheses regarding how Siegfried came to and took possession of Guînes: * William I, Count of Ponthieu, took the Boulo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Château De Guînes
Château de Guînes was a castle in Guînes, Pas-de-Calais, France. History Baldwin II, Count of Guînes, began construction of a castle at Guînes on top of an ancient fort in the late 12th century, consisting of a courtyard, surrounded by towers with a donjon. After the capture of Calais by King Edward III of England in 1349, the castle was captured by the English in 1352 by an English force led by the valet John of Doncaster. The French laid siege to the castle to regain control, however the siege was unsuccessful. In 1360, the Treaty of Brétigny surrendered the city and its county to England becoming part of the Pale of Calais. Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, laid siege to Guînes in 1436 with a force of Flemish militia. When an English relief army of some 10,000 men under Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, approached, the Duke of Burgundy abandoned the siege, leaving his artillery and large amounts of baggage behind. Francis d'Orléans, Count of Angoulême, laid siege to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Pierre Blanchard
Jean-Pierre rançoisBlanchard (; 4 July 1753 – 7 March 1809) was a French inventor, best known as a pioneer of gas balloon flight, who distinguished himself in the conquest of the air in a balloon. Notable for his successful hydrogen balloon flight in Paris on 2 March 1784, Blanchard later moved to London and undertook flights with varying propulsion mechanisms. His historic achievement came on 7 January 1785, crossing the English Channel from Dover Castle to Guînes in about 2½ hours, receiving acclaim from Louis XVI and earning a substantial pension. Touring Europe, Blanchard demonstrated his balloons and showcased the modern parachute, which he later used for a successful escape in 1793 when his hydrogen balloon ruptured. Also in 1793, he conducted the first balloon flight in the Americas, witnessed by President George Washington. Married to Sophie Blanchard in 1804, Blanchard suffered a fatal heart attack in his balloon in 1808, with his widow continuing balloon demo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Field Of The Cloth Of Gold
The Field of the Cloth of Gold (, ) was a summit meeting between King Henry VIII of England and King Francis I of France from 7 to 24 June 1520. Held at Balinghem, between Ardres in France and Guînes in the English Pale of Calais, it was an opulent display of wealth by both kings. The summit was arranged to increase the bond of friendship between the two kings following the Anglo-French treaty of 1514. The two monarchs would meet again in 1532 to arrange Francis's assistance in pressuring Pope Clement VII to pronounce Henry's first marriage as illegitimate. Under the guidance of English Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, these European states sought to outlaw war forever among Christian peoples. The Pale of Calais, home to the meeting in Balinghem, was the final English possession in France. This territorial leftover from the Hundred Years' War caused some tensions between the English and French, as the latter preferred a location closer to the border, but topographical considerati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communauté De Communes Des Pays D'Opale
The communauté de communes des Pays d'Opale (before 2017: ''communauté de communes des Trois Pays'') was created on 27 December 1996 and is located in the Pas-de-Calais ''département'', in northern France. It lost four communes to the agglomeration community Grand Calais Terres et Mers on 1 December 2019. Its seat is Guînes.CC Pays d'Opale (N° SIREN : 200072478) BANATIC, accessed 12 November 2024. Its area is 189.3 km2, and its population was 25,188 in 2018.Comparateur de territoire INSEE, accessed 8 April 2022. Composition The communauté de communes consis ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pale Of Calais
The Pale of Calais was a territory in northern France ruled by the monarchs of England from 1347 to 1558. The area, which centred on Calais, was taken following the Battle of Crécy in 1346 and the subsequent Siege of Calais (1346–47), Siege of Calais, and was confirmed at the Treaty of Brétigny in 1360, in the reign of Edward III of England. It became an important economic centre for England in Europe's textile trade centered in Flanders. The Pale, which was historically part of Flanders, also provided England with a permanent strategic, defensible outpost from which it could plan and launch military action on the continent. Its position on the English Channel meant it could be reinforced, garrisoned and supplied over the Straits of Dover. The territory was bilingual with Middle English, English and Flemish dialects, Flemish commonly spoken. It was represented in the Parliament of England by the Calais (Parliament of England constituency), Calais constituency. During the rei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calais
Calais ( , , traditionally , ) is a French port city in the Pas-de-Calais department, of which it is a subprefecture. Calais is the largest city in Pas-de-Calais. The population of the city proper is 67,544; that of the urban area is 144,625 (2020). and it is reflected in the city's name in the local Picard language, ''Calés''. Other archaic names for the city are Portuguese ''Calêsio'' and German ''Kalen''. ''Kales'', the city's historic name in Dutch and West Flemish (once spoken in the area) was retained until more recently in the name for the Strait of Dover, ''Nauw van Kales'', and is still used in Dutch sources wishing to emphasise former linguistic ties to the area. Though the modern French spelling of ''Calais'' gradually supplanted other variants in English, the pronunciation () persisted and survives in other towns named for the European city including Calais, Maine, and Calais, Vermont, in the United States. In " De Gustibus" (1855), Robert Browning r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arnulf I, Count Of Flanders
Arnulf I (/899 – 27 March 964), called "the Great", was the first Count of Flanders. Life Arnulf was the son of margrave Baldwin II of Flanders and Ælfthryth of Wessex, daughter of Alfred the Great. Through his mother he was a descendant of the Anglo-Saxon kings of England, and through his father, a descendant of Charlemagne.''The Annals of Flodoard of Reims, 919–966'', ed. Steven Fanning & Bernard S. Bachrach (University of Toronto Press, CA, 2011), p. xx Presumably Arnulf was named either after Saint Arnulf of Metz, a progenitor of the Carolingian dynasty, or King Arnulf of Carinthia, whom his father supported. At the death of their father in 918, Arnulf became Count of Flanders while his brother Adeloft or Adelolf succeeded to the County of Boulogne. However, in 933 Adeloft died, and Arnulf took the countship of Boulogne for himself, but later conveyed it to his nephew, Arnulf II. Arnulf titled himself count by the Grace of God. Arnulf I greatly expanded Flemish rul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calaisis
The Pale of Calais was a territory in northern France ruled by the monarchs of England from 1347 to 1558. The area, which centred on Calais, was taken following the Battle of Crécy in 1346 and the subsequent Siege of Calais, and was confirmed at the Treaty of Brétigny in 1360, in the reign of Edward III of England. It became an important economic centre for England in Europe's textile trade centered in Flanders. The Pale, which was historically part of Flanders, also provided England with a permanent strategic, defensible outpost from which it could plan and launch military action on the continent. Its position on the English Channel meant it could be reinforced, garrisoned and supplied over the Straits of Dover. The territory was bilingual with English and Flemish commonly spoken. It was represented in the Parliament of England by the Calais constituency. During the reign of Mary I of England, the Pale was unexpectedly retaken by the French following a siege in 1558 dur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fulk Of Guines
Fulk is an old European personal name, probably deriving from the Germanic languages, Germanic ''Volk (German word), folk'' ("people" or "chieftain"). It is cognate with the France, French Foulques, the German language, German Volk (surname), Volk, the Italy, Italian Fulco and the Sweden, Swedish Folke (name), Folke, along with other variants such as Fulke, Foulkes, Fulko, Folco, Folquet, and so on. However, the above variants are often confused with names derived from the Latin ''Falco (other), Falco'' ("falcon"), such as Fawkes, Falko, Falkes, and Faulques. Counts of Anjou *Fulk I, Count of Anjou (about 870–942), ''"the Red"'' *Fulk II, Count of Anjou (died 958), ''"the Good"'' *Fulk III, Count of Anjou (972–1040), ''"the Black"'' *Fulk IV, Count of Anjou (1043–1109), ''"le Réchin"'' *Fulk, King of Jerusalem (1089/1092–1143), ''"the Younger"'', also Count of Anjou Christian saints and clergymen * Saint Foulques de Fontenelle (died 845), French saint and 21st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire ruled the Mediterranean and much of Europe, Western Asia and North Africa. The Roman people, Romans conquered most of this during the Roman Republic, Republic, and it was ruled by emperors following Octavian's assumption of effective sole rule in 27 BC. The Western Roman Empire, western empire collapsed in 476 AD, but the Byzantine Empire, eastern empire lasted until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. By 100 BC, the city of Rome had expanded its rule from the Italian peninsula to most of the Mediterranean Sea, Mediterranean and beyond. However, it was severely destabilised by List of Roman civil wars and revolts, civil wars and political conflicts, which culminated in the Wars of Augustus, victory of Octavian over Mark Antony and Cleopatra at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, and the subsequent conquest of the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Egypt. In 27 BC, the Roman Senate granted Octavian overarching military power () and the new title of ''Augustus (title), Augustus'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
