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Gusztáv Gratz
Gusztáv Gratz (30 March 1875 in Gölnicbánya – 21 November 1946 in Budapest) was a Hungarian politician, who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1921. He was a correspondent member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Gratz published in the ''Huszadik Század'' and the ''Társadalomtudományi Társaság'' newspapers. He was a representative in the National Assembly from 1906. He also served as managing director of the National Association of Manufacturers (GYOSZ). In 1917 he was appointed Minister of Finance in Móric Esterházy's cabinet. He took part in the peace negotiations' economical parts during the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and Treaty of Bucharest. From 22 November 1919 he was the Hungarian ambassador to Austria. After he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs until Charles I of Austria's attempts to retake the throne of Hungary. As legitimist politician Gratz participated in the planning of the second coup. That's why he was imprisoned for a short time. Gratz ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Minister Of Foreign Affairs Of Hungary
The minister of foreign affairs of Hungary () is a member of the Government of Hungary, Hungarian cabinet and the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The current foreign minister is Péter Szijjártó. The position was called People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs () during the Hungarian Soviet Republic in 1919 and Minister besides the King () between 1848 and 1918, except in 1849 when Hungary Hungarian Declaration of Independence, declared its independence from the Austrian Empire. During the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1867–1918) the two countries also had a Foreign Ministry of Austria-Hungary, joint Minister of Foreign Affairs. Ministers besides the king (1848) Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867), Hungarian Kingdom (1848) Parties Ministers of foreign affairs (1849) Hungarian State (1849) Parties ''After the collapse of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the Hungarian Kingdom became an integral part of the Austrian Empire until 1867, when dual Austria-Hungary, Austro- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zips
Zips (also ''Siggies'' or ''Geeps'') is a slang term in the United States that was especially in use in the mid-20th century. It was often used as a derogatory slur by Italian-American mobsters in reference to newer immigrant Sicilian mafiosi. The mobsters in the US were said to have difficulty understanding the Sicilian dialects of the new immigrants, in which words appeared to "zip" by. Other theories include pejorative uses, such as Sicilians' preference for homemade zip guns. According to another theory, the term is a contraction of a Sicilian slang term for "hicks" or "primitives". Arrival in the United States With increasing violence and government presence in Italy, Sicilians found positions in the growing drug trafficking market of New York City's Five Families The Five Families refer to five American Mafia, Italian American Mafia Crime family, crime families that operate in New York City. In 1931, the five families were Organized crime, organized by Salvatore ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Reich
German ''Reich'' (, from ) was the constitutional name for the German nation state that existed from 1871 to 1945. The ''Reich'' became understood as deriving its authority and sovereignty entirely from a continuing unitary German ''Volk'' ("national people"), with that authority and sovereignty being exercised at any one time over a unitary German "state territory" with variable boundaries and extent. Although commonly translated as "German Empire", the word ''Reich'' here better translates as "realm" or territorial "reach", in that the term does not in itself have monarchical connotations. The name "German ''Reich''" was officially Proclamation of the German Empire, proclaimed on 18 January 1871 at the Palace of Versailles by Otto von Bismarck and William I, German Emperor, Wilhelm I of Prussia. After the Anschluss, annexation of Austria to Germany on 12–13 March 1938, the name "Greater German ''Reich''" () began to be used along with the official name "German ''Reich''". Ac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First World War
World War I or the First World War (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918), also known as the Great War, was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War I, Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers. Fighting took place mainly in European theatre of World War I, Europe and the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I, Middle East, as well as in parts of African theatre of World War I, Africa and the Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I, Asia-Pacific, and in Europe was characterised by trench warfare; the widespread use of Artillery of World War I, artillery, machine guns, and Chemical weapons in World War I, chemical weapons (gas); and the introductions of Tanks in World War I, tanks and Aviation in World War I, aircraft. World War I was one of the List of wars by death toll, deadliest conflicts in history, resulting in an estimated World War I casualties, 10 million military dead and more than 20 million wounded, plus some 10 million civilian de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transylvanian Saxons
The Transylvanian Saxons (; Transylvanian Saxon dialect, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjer Såksen'' or simply ''Soxen'', singularly ''Sox'' or ''Soax''; Transylvanian Landler dialect, Transylvanian Landler: ''Soxn'' or ''Soxisch''; ; seldom ''sași ardeleni/transilvăneni/transilvani''; ) are a people of mainly Germans, German ethnicity and overall Germanic peoples, Germanic origin—mostly Luxembourgers, Luxembourgish and from the Low Countries initially during the medieval Ostsiedlung process, then also from other parts of present-day Germany—who settled in Transylvania in various waves, starting from the mid and mid-late 12th century until the mid 19th century. The first ancestors of the Transylvanian 'Saxons' originally stemmed from Flanders, County of Hainaut, Hainaut, Landgraviate of Brabant, Brabant, Liège, County of Zeeland, Zeeland, Moselle, Duchy of Lorraine, Lorraine, and County of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, then situated in the north-western territories of the Holy R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transylvania
Transylvania ( or ; ; or ; Transylvanian Saxon dialect, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjen'') is a List of historical regions of Central Europe, historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border are the Carpathian Mountains and to the west the Apuseni Mountains. Broader definitions of Transylvania also include the western and northwestern Romanian regions of Crișana and Maramureș, and occasionally Banat. Historical Transylvania also includes small parts of neighbouring Western Moldavia and even a small part of south-western neighbouring Bukovina to its north east (represented by Suceava County). Transylvania is known for the scenery of its Carpathian landscape and its rich history, coupled with its multi-cultural character. It also contains Romania's second-largest city, Cluj-Napoca, and other very well preserved medieval iconic cities and towns such as Brașov, Sibiu, Târgu Mureș, Bistrița, Alba Iuli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nocrich
Nocrich (; Transylvanian Saxon: ''Leuskyrch''; ) is a commune in Sibiu County, Romania, in the region of Transylvania. The commune is situated between Agnita and Sibiu. It is composed of five villages: Fofeldea, Ghijasa de Jos, Hosman, Nocrich and Țichindeal. Nocrich and Hosman have fortified churches. It is the site of the ''St. Ladislaus'' Baroque church (with many surviving Romanesque elements, dating from previous buildings). History In 1910, the Agnita to Sibiu railway line was completed with stations at Nocrich, Țichindeal and Hosman. However, the line was closed in 2001. An active restoration group has since been formed aiming to restore the entire line to working condition. People * Teodor Aaron *Samuel von Brukenthal * August Treboniu Laurian File:Holzmengen Fogarascher Berge.jpg, Hosman and its fortified church A fortified church is a church that is built to serve a defensive role in times of war. Such church (building), churches were specially designed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Agricultural Reform
Land reform (also known as agrarian reform) involves the changing of laws, regulations, or customs regarding land ownership, land use, and land transfers. The reforms may be initiated by governments, by interested groups, or by revolution. Land reform is often considered a contentious process, as land is a key driver of a wide range of social, political and economic outcomes. The structure and distribution of land rights has been linked to state formation, economic growth, inequality, political violence, and identity politics, making land reform highly consequential for the long-term structures of society. Overview Land reform may consist of a government-initiated or government-backed property redistribution, generally of agricultural land. Land reform can, therefore, refer to transfer of ownership from the more powerful to the less powerful, such as from a relatively small number of wealthy or noble owners with extensive land holdings (e.g., plantations, large ranches, or a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neue Freie Presse
''Neue Freie Presse'' ("New Free Press") was a Viennese newspaper founded by Adolf Werthner together with the journalists Max Friedländer and Michael Etienne on 1 September 1864 after the staff had split from the newspaper ''Die Presse''. It existed until January 31, 1939. Werthner was president of ''Oesterreichischen Journal-Aktien-Gesellschaft'', the business entity behind the newspaper. In 1879, Eduard Bacher became the editor-in-chief of the paper. The editor from 1908 to 1920, and eventual owner, was Moriz Benedikt. Journalists employed by the paper included " Sil-Vara" (pseudonym of Geza Silberer) and Felix Salten. In Paris, its correspondent was Raphael Basch, Max Nordau, and from 1891, Theodor Herzl, both founders of the Zionist movement. Its music critics included Eduard Hanslick (1864–1904) and Julius Korngold (1904–1934). In his book '' The World of Yesterday'', Stefan Zweig, a '' feuilletonist'' for the newspaper, called the ''Neue Freie Presse'' "the o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Die Zeit
(, ) is a German national weekly newspaper published in Hamburg in Germany. The newspaper is generally considered to be among the German newspapers of record and is known for its long and extensive articles. History The first edition of was first published in Hamburg on 21 February 1946. The founding publishers were Gerd Bucerius, Lovis H. Lorenz, Richard Tüngel and Ewald Schmidt di Simoni. Marion Gräfin Dönhoff joined as an editor in March 1946. She became publisher of from 1972 until her death in 2002. In 1983 she was joined by former Chancellor of Germany (1949–), German chancellor Helmut Schmidt. Later Josef Joffe and former German federal secretary of culture Michael Naumann joined them as well. The paper's publishing house, Zeitverlag Gerd Bucerius in Hamburg, is owned by the Georg von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group and Dieter von Holtzbrinck, Dieter von Holtzbrinck Media. The paper is published weekly on Thursdays. As of 2018, has additional offices in Brussels, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vienna
Vienna ( ; ; ) is the capital city, capital, List of largest cities in Austria, most populous city, and one of Federal states of Austria, nine federal states of Austria. It is Austria's primate city, with just over two million inhabitants. Its larger metropolitan area has a population of nearly 2.9 million, representing nearly one-third of the country's population. Vienna is the Culture of Austria, cultural, Economy of Austria, economic, and Politics of Austria, political center of the country, the List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, fifth-largest city by population in the European Union, and the most-populous of the List of cities and towns on the river Danube, cities on the river Danube. The city lies on the eastern edge of the Vienna Woods (''Wienerwald''), the northeasternmost foothills of the Alps, that separate Vienna from the more western parts of Austria, at the transition to the Pannonian Basin. It sits on the Danube, and is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pester Lloyd
''Pester Lloyd'' is a German-language online daily newspaper from Budapest, Hungary with a focus "on Hungary and Eastern Europe". History during the Austrian Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire Its first stint of existence was from 1854 to 1945; until 1945 it was the leading German language publication in Hungary. Its origin was a vital part of the modernization of Hungary in the 1850s. Until then Hungary was part of the Habsburg Empire, ruled by the regime in Vienna. It chafed under restrictions which tended to see it as a vassal to be exploited for its agricultural products, for tax income, and for conscripts for the Austrian army, while at the same time keeping industrial development and financial power in Austrian hands. In the 1840s the political and business classes, led by Lajos Kossuth and his vision pressed for change, but met with obstinate resistance in Vienna. The result, in 1848, was the Hungarian Revolution which became a war for independence from Austria. Kossu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
