|
Gonzalo Pérez Gudiel
Gonzalo Pérez 'Gudiel' (1238/9–1299), simply Gonzalo Pérez during his life (''Gonzalbo Petrez'', غنصالبه نيطرص, in his native mozarab Arabic), and wrongly Gonzalo García Gudiel in later church tradition,Jean-Pierre Molénat, ''Campagnes et monts de Tolède du XIIe au XVe siècle'', Madrid, 1997, pp. 150, 155, 157 was a Castilian prelate and statesman in the service of kings Alfonso X and Sancho IV and of Pope Boniface VIII. He was Bishop of Cuenca (1272) and Burgos (1275) and then Archbishop of Toledo (1280), the first official Primate of Spain (1285) and finally Cardinal-Bishop of Albano (1298) in the Roman Curia. His early career was that of an international scholar, before he settled into royal service. The future cardinal was born at Toledo in 1238 or 1239 into the city's mozarab gentry, to ''alguacil alcalde'' Pedro Juanes and his wife Teresa Juanes, daughter of ''alguacil alcalde'' Juan Ponce. The surname under which he is known, Gudiel, was attached ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mozarabs
The Mozarabs (from ), or more precisely Andalusi Christians, were the Christians of al-Andalus, or the territories of Iberia under Muslim rule from 711 to 1492. Following the Umayyad conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom in Hispania, the Christian population of much of Iberia came under Muslim control. Initially, the vast majority of Mozarabs kept Christianity and their dialects descended from Latin. Gradually, the population converted to Islam—an estimated 50% by the year 951 ''Cited in'' —and was influenced, in varying degrees, by Arab customs and knowledge, and sometimes acquired greater social status in doing so. The local Romance vernaculars, with an important contribution of Arabic and spoken by Christians and Muslims alike, are referred to as Andalusi Romance (also called ''Mozarabic language''). Mozarabs were mostly Catholics of the Visigothic or Mozarabic Rite. Due to Sharia and fiqh being confessional and only applying to Muslims, the Christians paid the jizya tax, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Canon (priest)
Canon () is a Christian title usually used to refer to a member of certain bodies in subject to an ecclesiastical rule. Originally, a canon was a cleric living with others in a clergy house or, later, in one of the houses within the precinct of or close to a cathedral or other major church and conducting his life according to the customary discipline or rules of the church. This way of life grew common (and is first documented) in the 8th century AD. In the 11th century, some churches required clergy thus living together to adopt the rule first proposed by Saint Augustine that they renounce private wealth. Those who embraced this change were known as Augustinians or Canons Regular, whilst those who did not were known as secular canons. Secular canons Latin Church In the Latin Church, canons are the members of a chapter, that is a body of senior clergy overseeing either a cathedral (a cathedral chapter) or a collegiate church. Depending on the title of the church, several lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Diego López V De Haro
Diego López V de Haro, nicknamed '' el Intruso'' ( 1250 – 1310), was a Castilian noble of the House of Haro and held the title of the Lord of Biscay which he took from the pretender to the title, John of Castile. He further served in the capacity of Mayordomo mayor del rey and the Alférez del rey of Ferdinand IV of Castile. He was a major benefactor of the city of Bilbao, where he expanded the local fishing village and granted it the power to maintain its customs market free of any ''Portazgo'' (royal tribute) answerable only to the authority of the Lord of Biscay. Family origins Diego López was the son of Diego López III de Haro and his wife, Constanza de Bearne. He eventually inherited the title of Lord of Biscay from his father after his sister and the usurper to the title, John of Castile. His paternal grandparents were Lope Díaz II de Haro, Lord of Biscay, and his wife, Urraca Alfonso de León, the illegitimate daughter of Alfonso IX of León. His mat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logroño
Logroño ( , , ) is the capital of the autonomous community of La Rioja (Spain), La Rioja, Spain. Located in the north of the Iberian Peninsula, primarily in the right (South) bank of the Ebro River, Logroño has historically been a place of passage, such as the Camino de Santiago. Its borders were disputed between the Iberian kingdoms of Crown of Castile, Castille, Kingdom of Navarre, Navarre and Crown of Aragon, Aragon during the Middle Ages. The population of the city in 2021 was 150,808 while the metropolitan area included nearly 200,000 inhabitants. The city is a centre of trade of Rioja wine, for which the area is noted, and manufacturing of wood, metal and textile products. Etymology Origin of the name The origin of this toponym is, as for many other places, unknown. The name ''Lucronio'' was first used in a document from 965 where García Sánchez I of Pamplona donated the place so named to the Monasteries of San Millán de la Cogolla, Monastery of San Millán. In ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santa Maria Maggiore
Santa Maria Maggiore (), also known as the Basilica of Saint Mary Major or the Basilica of Saint Mary the Great, is one of the four Basilicas in the Catholic Church#Major and papal basilicas, major papal basilicas and one of the Seven Pilgrim Churches of Rome. The largest Catholic Marian church buildings, Marian church in Rome, it is regarded as the first Marian sanctuary in the Western world and the mother of all sanctuaries. Santa Maria Maggiore is located in Esquilino (rione of Rome), Esquilino, the 15th Rioni of Rome, rione (administrative district) of Rome, on the . Pursuant to the Lateran Treaty of 1929 between the Holy See and Kingdom of Italy, Italy, the basilica is in Italy and not Vatican City.Lateran Treaty of 1929, Article 15 However, the Holy See fully owns the basilica, and Italy is legally obliged to recognise its full ownership thereof and to concede to it "the immunity granted by international law to the headquarters of the diplomatic agents of foreign states". ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry The Senator
Henry of Castile (March 1230 – 8 August 1303), called the Senator (''el Senador''), was a Kingdom of Castile, Castilian ''infante'', the fourth son of Ferdinand III of Castile by his first wife, Elisabeth of Swabia, Beatrice of Swabia. Youth and rebellion Henry spent his childhood at Burgos, where among his tutors was the future cardinal Giles of Torres. He received the typical education of a royal prince in both arms and letters. In 1246, Henry accompanied his father on the Siege of Jaén (1245–46), expedition to Jaén. His father granted him in fief the first of the new conquests: Morón de la Frontera and Castillo de Cote, Cote. After the Siege of Seville, fall of Seville, he was enfeoffed with more conquered towns: Jérez de la Frontera, Lebrija, Arcos de la Frontera, Arcos and Medina Sidonia. In the ''repartimiento'' (division) of Seville itself, Henry and his retinue received a part. He spent the next few years mostly at Seville, often at the court of his father's secon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferdinand IV Of Castile
Ferdinand IV of Castile (6 December 1285 – 7 September 1312) called the Summoned (''el Emplazado''), was King of Castile and King of León, León from 1295 until his death. Ferdinand's upbringing and personal custody was entered to his mother Queen María de Molina, however, he was tutored by his granduncle Henry of Castile the Senator. Queen María attempted to placate the nobility, confronted her son's enemies, and repeated prevented her son from being dethroned. He faced the insubordination of the nobility, led at numerous times by his uncle John of Castile, Lord of Valencia de Campos, and by Juan Núñez II de Lara, who were sometimes supported by another royal relative, Juan Manuel, Prince of Villena. Like his predecessors on the throne, Ferdinand IV continued the Reconquista and, although he failed to conquer Algeciras in 1309, he captured the city of Gibraltar that same year. In 1312 the city of Alcaudete was also conquered. During the Cortes of Valladolid of 1312, he p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valladolid
Valladolid ( ; ) is a Municipalities of Spain, municipality in Spain and the primary seat of government and ''de facto'' capital of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous community of Castile and León. It is also the capital of the province of Valladolid. It has a population of 300,618 people (2024 est.). The city is located roughly in the centre of the northern half of the Iberian Peninsula's Meseta Central, at the confluence of the Pisuerga River, Pisuerga and Esgueva rivers before they join the Duero, surrounded by winegrowing areas. The area was settled in pre-Roman times by the Celtic Vaccaei people, and then by Ancient Rome, Romans themselves. The settlement was purportedly founded after 1072, growing in prominence within the context of the Crown of Castile, being endowed with fairs and different institutions such as a collegiate church, University of Valladolid, University (1241), Court (royal), Royal Court and Royal Audiencia and Chancillería of Valladolid, C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cortes Generales
The (; ) are the Bicameralism, bicameral legislative chambers of Spain, consisting of the Congress of Deputies (the lower house) and the Senate of Spain, Senate (the upper house). The Congress of Deputies meets in the Palacio de las Cortes, Madrid, Palacio de las Cortes. The Senate meets in the Palacio del Senado. Both are in Madrid. The Cortes are elected through universal, free, equal, direct and secret suffrage, with the exception of some senatorial seats, which are elected indirectly by the legislatures of the Autonomous communities of Spain, autonomous communities. The are composed of 615 members: 350 Deputies and 265 Senators. The members of the serve four-year terms, and they are representatives of the Spanish people. In both chambers, the seats are divided by constituencies that correspond with the Provinces of Spain, fifty provinces of Spain, plus Ceuta and Melilla. However, each island or group of islands within the Canary Islands, Canary and Balearic Islands, Bal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Primate (bishop)
Primate () is a title or rank bestowed on some important archbishops in certain Christian churches. Depending on the particular tradition, it can denote either jurisdictional authority ( title of authority) or (usually) ceremonial precedence ( title of honour). Catholic Church In the Latin Church, a primate is an archbishop—or, rarely, a suffragan or exempt bishop—of a specific (mostly metropolitan) episcopal see (called a ''primatial see'') who has precedence over the bishoprics of one or more ecclesiastical provinces of a particular historical, political or cultural area. Historically, primates of particular sees were granted privileges including the authority to call and preside at national synods, jurisdiction to hear appeals from metropolitan tribunals, the right to crown the sovereign of the nation, and presiding at the investiture (installation) of archbishops in their sees. The office is generally found only in older Catholic countries, and is now purel ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferrand Martínez
Ferrand (or Ferrán) Martinez (fl. 14th century) was an elite Spanish cleric at the Cathedral of Seville and archdeacon of Écija most noted for being an antisemitic agitator whom historians cite as the prime mover behind the series of massacres of the Spanish Jews in 1391, beginning in the city of Seville. Early life Little is known of Martínez's early life. Before taking up the position at Écija, he was the confessor of the queen mother of Aragón. Role in the struggle for power Martínez was made an alcalde ''Alcalde'' (; ) is the traditional Spanish municipal magistrate, who had both judicial and Administration (government), administrative functions. An ''alcalde'' was, in the absence of a corregidor (position), corregidor, the presiding officer o ... (royal judge) in 1376. In 1378 he began preaching Sermon, sermons against the Jews. Although Enriques II's heir John I of Castile, Juan I commanded him to cease his rabble-rousing, he ignored the royal order, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Notary
A notary is a person authorised to perform acts in legal affairs, in particular witnessing signatures on documents. The form that the notarial profession takes varies with local legal systems. A notary, while a legal professional, is distinct from an advocate in that they do not represent the person who engages their services, or act in contentious matters. Overview Documents are notarized to deter fraud and to ensure they are properly executed. An impartial witness (the notary) identifies signers to screen out impostors and to make sure they have entered into agreements knowingly and willingly. Loan documents including Deed, deeds, Affidavit, affidavits, Contract, contracts, and Power of attorney, powers of attorney are very common documents needing notarization. Code of Hammurabi#Laws, Code of Hammurabi Law 122 (c. 1755–1750 BCE) stipulated that a Deposit account, depositor of gold, silver, or other Personal property, chattel/movable property for Safe, safekeeping mus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
