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Gissur Þorvaldsson
Gissur Þorvaldsson (; Old Norse: ; 1208 – 12 January 1268) was a medieval Icelandic chieftain or '' goði'' of the Haukdælir family clan, and great-grandson of Jón Loftsson. Gissur played a major role in the period of civil war which is now known as Age of the Sturlungs: he fought alongside Kolbeinn the Young against the forces of Sturla Sighvatsson of the Sturlungar clan in the Battle of Örlygsstaðir in 1238 and led the force of men who murdered saga-writer Snorri Sturluson in 1241, at the behest of Haakon IV, King of Norway, who demanded Snorri's return to Norway for disobeying his order to stay at his court following Jarl Skúli's failed coup. In 1253, Gissur's son was wedded to Sturla Þórðarson's daughter Ingibjörg, as a part of an attempt at ending the conflict between the Haukdælir and Sturlungar. Shortly after the wedding, Eyjólfr ofsi, another member of the extended Sturlungar, attacked Gissur's household at Flugumýri, in what is termed the Flug ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jarl
Jarl was a rank of the nobility in Scandinavia during the Viking Age and Early Middle Ages. The institution evolved over time and varied by region. In Old Norse, it meant "chieftain", specifically one appointed to rule a territory in a king's stead. It could also denote a sovereign prince. For example, during the Viking age, the rulers of several of the petty kingdoms of Norway held the title of ''jarl'', often wielding no less power than their neighboring kings. In later medieval Sweden and Norway, there was typically only one jarl in the kingdom, second in authority only to the king. The title became obsolete in the Middle Ages and was replaced by the rank of duke (''hertig''/''hertug''/''hertog''). The word is etymologically related to the English ''earl''. Etymology The term ''jarl'' (, Old Swedish: ''iarl'', ''iærl'', Old Danish: ''jærl'') has been connected to various similar words across Germanic languages, such as Proto-Norse ''eril,'' Old English ''eorl'' (meaning warr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sturla Þórðarson
Sturla Þórðarson ( ; ; 29 July 1214–30 July 1284) was an Icelandic chieftain and writer of sagas and contemporary history during the 13th century. Much academic debate is dedicated to evaluating his life, bias as an historian of medieval Iceland and Norway. Biography The life of Sturla Þórðarson was chronicled in the Sturlunga saga. Sturla was the son of Icelandic chieftain Þórður Sturluson and his mistress Þóra, and grandson of Sturla Þórðarson the elder. He was raised by his grandmother, Guðný Böðvarsdóttir. He was a nephew and pupil of the famous saga-writer Snorri Sturluson. His brother was Icelandic skald and scholar Ólafur Þórðarson hvítaskáld. He fought alongside Þórður kakali Sighvatsson during the Age of the Sturlungs. Sturla was appointed law speaker over all of Iceland for a brief period after the dissolution of the Icelandic Commonwealth, and wrote the law book '' Járnsíða.'' Like his uncle, Snorri, and his brother, Óláfr, S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
13th-century Icelandic People
The 13th century was the century which lasted from January 1, 1201 (represented by the Roman numerals MCCI) through December 31, 1300 (MCCC) in accordance with the Julian calendar. The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan, which stretched from Eastern Asia to Eastern Europe. The conquests of Hulagu Khan and other Mongol invasions changed the course of the Muslim world, most notably the Siege of Baghdad (1258) and the destruction of the House of Wisdom. Other Muslim powers such as the Mali Empire and Delhi Sultanate conquered large parts of West Africa and the Indian subcontinent, while Buddhism witnessed a decline through the conquest led by Bakhtiyar Khilji. The earliest Islamic states in Southeast Asia formed during this century, most notably Samudera Pasai. The Kingdoms of Sukhothai and Hanthawaddy would emerge and go on to dominate their surrounding territories. Europe entered the apex of the High Middle Ages, characterized by rapid legal, cultural, and religious evo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1268 Deaths
Year 1268 (Roman numerals, MCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. Events By topic War and politics * February 18 – Battle of Wesenberg (1268), Battle of Rakvere: The Livonian Order is defeated by Dovmont of Pskov. * April 4 – A Byzantine–Venetian treaty of 1268, five-year Byzantine–Venetian peace treaty is concluded between Venetian envoys and Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos. It is ratified by the Doge of Venice Reniero Zeno on June 30. * August 23 – Battle of Tagliacozzo: The army of Charles of Anjou defeats the Ghibellines supporters of Conradin of Hohenstaufen, marking the fall of the Hohenstaufen Family from the Holy Roman Empire, Imperial and Kingdom of Sicily, Sicilian thrones, and leading to the new chapter of Capetian House of Anjou, Angevin domination in Southern Italy. * October 29 – Conradin, the last legitimate male heir of the Hohenstaufen Dynasty of List of German Kings and Emperors, Kings of Germany ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1208 Births
Year 1208 ( MCCVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Asia * April 15 – A fire breaks out in the Song Chinese capital city of Hangzhou, raging for four days and nights, destroying 58,097 houses over an area of more than , killing 59 people, and an unrecorded number of other people, who are trampled while attempting to flee. The government provides temporary lodging for 5,345 people, in nearby Buddhist and Taoist monasteries. The collective victims of the disaster are given 160,000 strings of cash, along with 400 tons of rice. Some of the government officials who lose their homes take up residence in rented boathouses on the nearby West Lake. Europe * January 15 – Pierre de Castelnau is murdered by heretics supported by Raymond VI, count of Toulouse. He is held responsible and excommunicated by Pope Innocent III, leading to the Albigensian Crusade. * January 31 – Battle of Lena: Swedish forces under K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Iceland
The University of Iceland ( ) is a public research university in Reykjavík, Iceland, and the country's oldest and largest institution of higher education. Founded in 1911, it has grown steadily from a small civil servants' school to a modern comprehensive university, providing instruction for about 14,000 students in twenty-five faculties. Teaching and research is conducted in social sciences, humanities, law, medicine, natural sciences, engineering and teacher education. It has a campus concentrated around ''Suðurgata'', a street in central Reykjavík, with additional facilities located in nearby areas as well as in the countryside. History The University of Iceland was founded by the on 17 June 1911, uniting three former post-secondary institutions: ''Prestaskólinn'', ''Læknaskólinn'' and ''Lagaskólinn'', which taught theology, medicine and law, respectively. The university originally had only faculties for these three fields, in addition to a faculty of humanities. D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gunnar Karlsson
Gunnar Karlsson (26September 193928October 2019) was an Icelandic historian. Gunnar shaped methodological teaching at the University of Iceland in Reykjavík when he started working there in the seventies and wrote a number of textbooks in history for all school levels as well as other publications. Life and works Gunnar was born on 26 September, 1939, in Laugardalur, Reykjavík. He studied history at the University of Iceland. He completed his studies in 1970 and received his doctorate there in 1978. From 1974 to 1976 he taught at the University College London University College London (Trade name, branded as UCL) is a Public university, public research university in London, England. It is a Member institutions of the University of London, member institution of the Federal university, federal Uni ..., and after 1976 at University of Iceland, where he was appointed professor in 1980. Gunnar contributed mainly to medieval Icelandic history, but also presented comprehens ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iceland
Iceland is a Nordic countries, Nordic island country between the Atlantic Ocean, North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. It is culturally and politically linked with Europe and is the region's westernmost and most list of countries and dependencies by population density, sparsely populated country. Its Capital city, capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which is home to about 36% of the country's roughly 380,000 residents (excluding nearby towns/suburbs, which are separate municipalities). The official language of the country is Icelandic language, Icelandic. Iceland is on a rift between Plate tectonics, tectonic plates, and its geologic activity includes geysers and frequent Types of volcanic eruptions, volcanic eruptions. The interior consists of a volcanic plateau with sand and lava fields, mountains and glaciers, and many Glacial stream, glacial rivers flow to the sea through the Upland and lowland, lowlands. Iceland i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Covenant (Iceland)
The Old Covenant (Modern Icelandic: ; Old Norse: ) was the name of the agreement which effected the union of Iceland and Norway. It is also known as ''Gissurarsáttmáli'', named after Gissur Þorvaldsson, the Icelanders, Icelandic chieftain who worked to promote it. The name "Old Covenant", however, is probably due to historical confusion. ''Gamli sáttmáli'' is properly the treaty of 1302 mentioned below and the treaty of 1262 is the actual ''Gissurarsáttmáli''. The agreement also led to a shift in Iceland's political ideology towards the model of monarchy since it diminished the role of its chieftains (''goði'') as models of political rule. Prior to the agreement, the chieftains' power, which developed into a Commonwealth, was idealized particularly during the 12th and 13th centuries. Covenant The agreement was made in 1262–1264 between the major chieftains of Iceland and Haakon IV of Norway, and his son and successor, Magnus VI of Norway, Magnus the Lawgiver. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skyr
Skyr ( ; ) is a traditional Icelandic cultured dairy product. It has the consistency of strained yogurt, but a milder flavor. Skyr can be classified as a fresh sour milk cheese, similar to curd cheese consumed like a yogurt in the Baltic states, the Low Countries and Germany. It has been a part of Icelandic cuisine for centuries. Skyr has a slightly sour dairy flavor, with a hint of residual sweetness. It is traditionally served cold, sometimes with cream. Commercial manufacturers of skyr may add flavors such as vanilla, coffee, or fruit. Etymology The word skyr is related to the English word ''shear'' (to cut), referring to how the milk is split into the liquid whey and the thick skyr. History Skyr is mentioned in a number of medieval Icelandic sources, including Egil's saga and Grettis saga. It is however unclear how similar this was to modern-day skyr, as no detailed descriptions of skyr exist from this period. Originally it was made from sheep milk, b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flugumýri Arson
The Flugumýrarbrenna () was a quickfire that took place 22 October 1253 in Iceland during the Age of the Sturlungs. The powerful Icelandic ''goði'' (chieftain) Gissur Þorvaldsson had returned from Norway with the Norwegian King's favour, and had settled in Flugumýri, an old homestead in Blönduhlíð in Skagafjörður where the chieftains of the Ásbirningar held their seat. Gissur was at this time engaged in making amends and settling his quarrels with the Sturlungar clan. Not all the followers of the Sturlungar were ready to forgive and forget. On 22 October 1253, Eyjólfur ofsi Þorsteinsson and his followers put Flugumýri to the torch and clashed with Gissur and his men. Eyjólfur was seeking vengeance for his expulsion from Skagafjörður and for the death of his father-in-law Sturla Sighvatsson who had died in the Battle of Örlygsstaðir at the hands of Gissur and his men. 25 people died in the ensuing fire and conflict, including Gissur's wife Gróa and their sons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flugumýri
Flugumýri is a town and church site in the Blönduhlíð district of Skagafjörður, Iceland, at the base of Glóðafeykir mountain. It was, and is, a manorial estate. The town was the homestead of Þórir dúfunef (the dove-nosed) and, according to the ''Landnámabók'', it was named for the mare , a quality horse that owned. History has, as a rule, been home to a large farm and various chieftains have lived there. During the Age of the Sturlungs, was one of the Ásbirningar family clan's estates, and Kolbeinn ungi ("the young") Arnórsson lived there from 1233 until he died in 1245. His widow gave the land to the Hólar diocese, but Gissur Þorvaldsson bought it from them, settled there in spring 1253, and built a large farm there. He got good use out of it, albeit not for long because on October 22, after the wedding feast for Gissur and Ingibjörg Sturludóttir's son Hallur, Gissur's enemies arrived in and tried to lock him inside the farm and burn it down. This ev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
