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Gilman Reagent
A Gilman reagent is a diorganocopper compound with the formula Li uR2 where R is an alkyl or aryl. They are colorless solids. Use in organic chemistry These reagents are useful because, unlike related Grignard reagents and organolithium reagents, they react with organic halides to replace the halide group with an R group (the Corey–House reaction). Such displacement reactions allow for the synthesis of complex products from simple building blocks. Lewis acids can be used to modify the reagent. History These reagents were discovered by Henry Gilman and coworkers. Lithium dimethylcopper (CH3)2CuLi can be prepared by adding copper(I) iodide to methyllithium in tetrahydrofuran at −78 °C. In the reaction depicted below, the Gilman reagent is a methylating reagent reacting with an alkyne in a conjugate addition, and the ester group forms a cyclic enone. : Structure Lithium dimethylcuprate exists as a dimer in diethyl ether Diethyl ether, or simply ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Gilman Reagent2
Gilman may refer to: Places United States *Gilman Ranch, California *Gilman, Colorado *Gilman, Illinois *Gilman, Iowa *Gilman, Minnesota * Gilman, Montana *Gilman, Vermont *Gilman, Washington, former name of Issaquah *Gilman, Pierce County, Wisconsin *Gilman, Taylor County, Wisconsin * Gilman Lake, a lake in South Dakota *Gilmanton, New Hampshire *Gilmanton, Buffalo County, Wisconsin *Gilmanton Township, Benton County, Minnesota Other *Gilman, Federated States of Micronesia, an administrative division of the Federated States of Micronesia *Gilman Street, a street in Central, Hong Kong Other uses *Gilman (name) *Gilman reagent, any of a group of reagents discovered by Henry Gilman *Gilman Paper Company, former paper producer **Gilman Paper Company collection, photo archive in the Metropolitan Museum of Art *Gilman School, a private boys school in Baltimore, Maryland *924 Gilman Street The Alternative Music Foundation located at 924 Gilman Street, almost exclusively refe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Copper(I) Iodide
Copper(I) iodide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula . It is also known as cuprous iodide. It is useful in a variety of applications ranging from organic synthesis to cloud seeding. Copper(I) iodide is white, but samples often appear tan or, when found in nature as rare mineral marshite, reddish brown, but such color is due to the presence of impurities. It is common for samples of iodide-containing compounds to become discolored due to the facile aerobic oxidation of the iodide anion to molecular iodine. Structure Copper(I) iodide, like most binary (containing only two elements) metal halides, is an inorganic polymer. It has a rich phase diagram, meaning that it exists in several crystalline forms. It adopts a zincblende (crystal structure), zinc blende structure below 390 °C (γ-CuI), a wurtzite structure between 390 and 440 °C (β-CuI), and a Cubic (crystal system), rock salt structure above 440 °C (α-CuI). The ions are tetrahedrally coordina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Angewandte Chemie
''Angewandte Chemie'' (, meaning "Applied Chemistry") is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that is published by Wiley-VCH on behalf of the German Chemical Society (Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker). Publishing formats include feature-length reviews, short highlights, research communications, minireviews, essays, book reviews, meeting reviews, correspondences, corrections, and obituaries. This journal contains review articles covering all aspects of chemistry. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal had a 2023 impact factor of 16.1. Editions The journal appears in two editions with separate volume and page numbering: a German edition, ''Angewandte Chemie'', and a fully English-language edition, ''Angewandte Chemie International Edition''. The editions are identical in content with the exception of occasional reviews of German-language books or German translations of IUPAC recommendations. Publication history In 1887, Ferdinand Fischer established the '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Diethyl Ether
Diethyl ether, or simply ether, is an organic compound with the chemical formula , sometimes abbreviated as . It is a colourless, highly Volatility (chemistry), volatile, sweet-smelling ("ethereal odour"), extremely flammable liquid. It belongs to the ether class of organic compounds. It is a common solvent and was formerly used as a general anesthetic. Production Most diethyl ether is produced as a byproduct of the vapor-phase Hydration reaction, hydration of ethylene to make ethanol. This process uses solid-supported phosphoric acid Catalysis, catalysts and can be adjusted to make more ether if the need arises: Vapor-phase Dehydration reaction, dehydration of ethanol over some Aluminium oxide, alumina catalysts can give diethyl ether yields of up to 95%. : Diethyl ether can be prepared both in laboratories and on an industrial scale by the acid ether synthesis. Uses The dominant use of diethyl ether is as a solvent. One particular application is in the production of cell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Dimer (chemistry)
In chemistry, dimerization is the process of joining two identical or similar Molecular entity, molecular entities by Chemical bond, bonds. The resulting bonds can be either strong or weak. Many symmetrical chemical species are described as dimers, even when the monomer is unknown or highly unstable. The term ''homodimer'' is used when the two subunits are identical (e.g. A–A) and ''heterodimer'' when they are not (e.g. A–B). The reverse of dimerization is often called Dissociation (chemistry), dissociation. When two oppositely-charged ions associate into dimers, they are referred to as ''Bjerrum pairs'', after Danish chemist Niels Bjerrum. Noncovalent dimers Anhydrous carboxylic acids form dimers by hydrogen bonding of the acidic hydrogen and the carbonyl oxygen. For example, acetic acid forms a dimer in the gas phase, where the monomer units are held together by hydrogen bonds. Many OH-containing molecules form dimers, e.g. the water dimer. Dimers that form based on w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Gilman Vs Grignard
Gilman may refer to: Places United States *Gilman Ranch, California *Gilman, Colorado *Gilman, Illinois *Gilman, Iowa *Gilman, Minnesota * Gilman, Montana *Gilman, Vermont *Gilman, Washington, former name of Issaquah *Gilman, Pierce County, Wisconsin *Gilman, Taylor County, Wisconsin * Gilman Lake, a lake in South Dakota *Gilmanton, New Hampshire *Gilmanton, Buffalo County, Wisconsin *Gilmanton Township, Benton County, Minnesota Other *Gilman, Federated States of Micronesia, an administrative division of the Federated States of Micronesia *Gilman Street, a street in Central, Hong Kong Other uses *Gilman (name) *Gilman reagent, any of a group of reagents discovered by Henry Gilman *Gilman Paper Company, former paper producer **Gilman Paper Company collection, photo archive in the Metropolitan Museum of Art *Gilman School, a private boys school in Baltimore, Maryland *924 Gilman Street The Alternative Music Foundation located at 924 Gilman Street, almost exclusively refe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Alpha-beta Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
Alphabeta or Alpha Beta may also refer to: * Alphabeta, an Israeli musical group * Alpha Beta, a former chain of Californian supermarkets * The Greek alphabet, from ''Alpha'' (Αα) and ''Beta'' (Ββ), the first two letters * Alpha and beta anomers (chemistry) * Alpha–beta pruning, a type of search algorithm * Alpha–beta transformation, a mathematical transformation in electrical engineering * α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compound, a class of organic compounds * Alpha beta filter, a predictive filter * Alpha (finance) and Beta (finance) In finance, the beta ( or market beta or beta coefficient) is a statistic that measures the expected increase or decrease of an individual stock price in proportion to movements of the stock market as a whole. Beta can be used to indicate the c ..., two measures characterizing the return of an investment portfolio * The Alpha Betas, a fraternity in the '' Revenge of the Nerds'' film series * ''Alpha Betas,'' an animated webseries created by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Ester
In chemistry, an ester is a compound derived from an acid (either organic or inorganic) in which the hydrogen atom (H) of at least one acidic hydroxyl group () of that acid is replaced by an organyl group (R). These compounds contain a distinctive functional group. Analogues derived from oxygen replaced by other chalcogens belong to the ester category as well. According to some authors, organyl derivatives of acidic hydrogen of other acids are esters as well (e.g. amides), but not according to the IUPAC. Glycerides are fatty acid esters of glycerol; they are important in biology, being one of the main classes of lipids and comprising the bulk of animal fats and vegetable oils. Lactones are cyclic carboxylic esters; naturally occurring lactones are mainly 5- and 6-membered ring lactones. Lactones contribute to the aroma of fruits, butter, cheese, vegetables like celery and other foods. Esters can be formed from oxoacids (e.g. esters of acetic acid, carbonic acid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Conjugate Addition
Nucleophilic conjugate addition is a type of organic reaction. Ordinary nucleophilic additions or 1,2-nucleophilic additions deal mostly with additions to carbonyl compounds. Simple alkene compounds do not show 1,2 reactivity due to lack of polarity, unless the alkene is activated with special substituents. With α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds such as cyclohexenone it can be deduced from resonance structures that the β position is an electrophilic site which can react with a nucleophile. The negative charge in these structures is stored as an alkoxide anion. Such a nucleophilic addition is called a nucleophilic conjugate addition or 1,4-nucleophilic addition. The most important active alkenes are the aforementioned conjugated carbonyls and acrylonitriles. Reaction mechanism Conjugate addition is the vinylogous counterpart of direct nucleophilic addition. A nucleophile reacts with a α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound in the β position. The negative charge carried by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
