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Gheorghe Mărdărescu
Gheorghe D. Mărdărescu (4 August 1866 – 5 September 1938) was a Romanian army major general during World War I, a commander during the Hungarian–Romanian War of 1919, and Minister of War from 1922 to 1926. Mărdărescu was born in Iași, Romania on 4 August 1866. In 1888 he graduated from the Infantry and Cavalry Military School in Bucharest with the rank of second lieutenant, and was promoted to lieutenant in 1891. He pursued his military studies at the Higher War School from 1892 to 1894. He advanced in rank to captain in 1896, and on 10 May 1906 he was promoted to major and named commandant of the Infantry Shooting School. After being promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1910 and colonel in 1913, he was appointed Chief of Staff of 1st Army Corps. In 1915 he became Commandant of the School of Cavalry Officers at the Military Academy. On 10 May 1916 he was promoted to brigadier general, and on 15 August he took command of the 18th Infantry Brigade. After Romania entere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iași
Iași ( , , ; also known by other #Etymology and names, alternative names), also referred to mostly historically as Jassy ( , ), is the Cities in Romania, third largest city in Romania and the seat of Iași County. Located in the historical region of Western Moldavia, Moldavia, it has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Romanian social, cultural, academic and artistic life. The city was the capital of the Principality of Moldavia from 1564 to 1859, then of the United Principalities from 1859 to 1862, and the capital of Kingdom of Romania, Romania from 1916 to 1918. Known as the Cultural Capital of Romania Iași is a symbol of Romanian history. Historian Nicolae Iorga stated that "there should be no Romanian who does not know of it". Still referred to as "The Moldavian Capital", Iași is the main economic and business centre of Romania's Moldavian region. In December 2018, Iași was officially declared the Historical Capital of Romania. At the 2021 Romanian censu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of National Defence (Romania)
The Ministry of National Defence () is one of the eighteen ministries of the Government of Romania. The current acting Minister of National Defence is Angel Tîlvăr. Ministry The Ministry of National Defence is the specialized body of the central public administration submitted to the Government conducting the national defence activity according to the stipulations of law and to the strategy of national security, with a view to safeguarding national sovereignty, state independence and unity, territorial integrity and constitutional democracy. The Ministry of National Defence is responsible to the Parliament of Romania, Parliament, the Supreme Council of National Defence (Romania), Supreme Council of National Defence and the Government of Romania, Government for implementation of provisions of the Constitution of Romania, Constitution, laws in force, decisions of the Supreme Council of National Defence (Romania), Supreme Council of National Defence and of the Government of R ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Of Romania
The King of Romania () or King of the Romanians () was the title of the monarch of the Kingdom of Romania from 1881 until 1947, when the Romanian Workers' Party proclaimed the Romanian People's Republic following Michael I's forced abdication. History The state had been internationally recognized as a principality since 1862, after the creation of the United Principalities, a personal union between Moldavia and Wallachia, at that time vassal states of the Ottoman Empire. Alexander I became '' domnitor'' (ruling prince) after the official unification of the two formerly separate states, being elected prince of both states in 1859. He was deposed in 1866 by a broad coalition of the main political parties, after which parliament offered the throne to Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen who subsequently became the new "Domnitor of Romania" (as Carol I). Romania's independence from the Ottoman Empire was recognized in 1878 by the Treaty of Berlin. In an expression of ful ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transylvania
Transylvania ( or ; ; or ; Transylvanian Saxon dialect, Transylvanian Saxon: ''Siweberjen'') is a List of historical regions of Central Europe, historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border are the Carpathian Mountains and to the west the Apuseni Mountains. Broader definitions of Transylvania also include the western and northwestern Romanian regions of Crișana and Maramureș, and occasionally Banat. Historical Transylvania also includes small parts of neighbouring Western Moldavia and even a small part of south-western neighbouring Bukovina to its north east (represented by Suceava County). Transylvania is known for the scenery of its Carpathian landscape and its rich history, coupled with its multi-cultural character. It also contains Romania's second-largest city, Cluj-Napoca, and other very well preserved medieval iconic cities and towns such as Brașov, Sibiu, Târgu Mureș, Bistrița, Alba Iuli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third Battle Of Oituz
The Third Battle of Oituz was a confrontation between Romanian and, to a lesser extent, Russian forces on one side and German and Austro-Hungarian forces on the other, during the Romanian Campaign of World War I. The battle took place primarily in the Oituz valley on the border between Hungary and Romania, from 8 to 22 August 1917. Prelude and order of battle The Austro-Hungarian First Army planned to attack Romanian positions along the Oituz valley, primarily using the Gerok Group, which had recently participated in the Battle of Mărăști. The 8th Corps would undertake the main effort; it comprised one German and two Austro-Hungarian infantry divisions deployed between Valea Dofteanei and Măgura Cașinului, and two Austro-Hungarian cavalry divisions in reserve. In front of them, the Romanian Second Army deployed the 2nd and 4th Corps, with a total of six infantry divisions (1st, 3rd, 6th, 7th, 9th, 12th) and two reserve battalions. The attack would be carried out on a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Mărăști
The Battle of Mărăști () was one of the main battles to take place on Kingdom of Romania, Romanian soil in World War I. It was fought between 22 July and 1 August 1917, and was an offensive operation of the Romanian Land Forces, Romanian and Military history of Imperial Russia, Russian armies intended to encircle and destroy the German Empire, German 9th Army (German Empire), 9th Army. The operation was planned to occur in tandem with the Nămoloasa offensive; however, this operation was abandoned before it began. According to General Alexandru Averescu, the commander of the Romanian Second Army (Romania), Second Army at this major engagement, the Battle of Mărăști was the "first true victory in the history of the modern Romanian Army". Background Răcoasa, Mărăști, just like Mărășești, is part of the strategically important Focșani Gate, the control of which eases attacks into several Romanian regions. The opposing forces At the beginning of July 1917, based on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Predeal Pass
Predeal Pass (, ) is a mountain pass (elevation ) in the Carpathian Mountains in Romania. It connects the Prahova River valley to the south with the lowlands around Brașov to the north. It separates the Southern Carpathians (Bucegi Mountains) from the Eastern Carpathians ( Piatra Mare Mountains). It is an important passage for traffic between southern Romania (including the capital Bucharest) and central Romania (eastern Transylvania), crossed by National Road 1 and the Bucharest—Brașov railway. The town Predeal Predeal (; ) is a town in Brașov County, Muntenia, Romania. Predeal, a mountain resort town, is the highest town in Romania. It is located in the Prahova Valley, Muntenia at an elevation of over . The town administers three villages: Pârâu ... is situated near the pass. Mountain passes of Romania Mountain passes of the Carpathians {{Brașov-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Predeal Pass
The Battle of Predeal Pass (, ) was a military engagement during the Romanian Campaign of World War I. It consisted in an attempt by the Central Powers (Germany and Austria-Hungary) to cross the mountains to the south of Brassó (Brașov). Although the Central Powers captured the town of Predeal itself, the Romanian defenses in the pass prevented any further advances. Background Following the Battle of Brassó (Brașov), General Alexandru Averescu arrived in the region to assume command of the Romanian 2nd Army, replacing General Grigore C. Crăiniceanu. Averescu had orders to defend a line which would stop the Germans from entering the passes that led into central Romania. However, Averescu pragmatically rejected this. Instead, he insisted on withdrawing within the passes themselves, where the German superiority in artillery could be greatly reduced. The Central Powers forces in the area consisted in the XXXIX Corps, under the command of General Hermann von Staabs. The Co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dobruja
Dobruja or Dobrudja (; or ''Dobrudža''; , or ; ; Dobrujan Tatar: ''Tomrîğa''; Ukrainian language, Ukrainian and ) is a Geography, geographical and historical region in Southeastern Europe that has been divided since the 19th century between the territories of Bulgaria and Romania. It is situated between the lower Danube, Danube River and the Black Sea, and includes the Danube Delta, the Romanian coast, and the northernmost part of the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, Bulgarian coast. The territory of Dobruja is made up of Northern Dobruja, which is a part of Romania, and Southern Dobruja, which is a part of Bulgaria. The territory of the Romanian region Dobrogea is organised as the counties of Constanța County, Constanța and Tulcea County, Tulcea, with a combined area of and, , a population of slightly less than 850,000. Its main cities are Constanța, Tulcea, Medgidia, and Mangalia. Dobrogea is represented by dolphins in the coat of arms of Romania. The Bulgarian region Do ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Campaign (1916)
After a series of quick tactical victories on the numerically overpowered Austro-Hungarian forces in Transylvania, in the autumn of 1916, the Romanian Army suffered a series of devastating defeats, which forced the Romanian military and administration to withdraw to Western Moldavia, allowing the Central Powers to occupy two thirds of the national territory, including the state capital, Bucharest. The main causes of the Romanian Army’s defeat by the numerically inferior German and Austro-Hungarian forces in the campaign of 1916 were the major political interferences in the act of military supervision, the incompetence, the imposture and the cowardice of a significant part of the military echelon of conduct, as well as the lack of an adequate training and troops’ equipment for that specific type of war. The offensive in Transylvania On the night of 27 August 1916, three Romanian armies started the attack by crossing the Southern Carpathians and entering Transylvania. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandru Averescu
Alexandru Averescu (; 9 March 1859 – 2 October 1938) was a Romanian marshal, diplomat and Populism, populist politician. A Romanian Armed Forces Commander during World War I, he served as List of Prime Ministers of Romania, Prime Minister of three separate cabinets (as well as being ''interim'' List of Romanian Foreign Ministers, Foreign Minister in January–March 1918 and Minister without portfolio in 1938). He first rose to prominence during the 1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt, peasants' revolt of 1907, which he helped repress with violence. Credited with engineering the defense of Moldavia in the Romanian Campaign (World War I), 1916–1917 Campaign, he built on his popularity to found and lead the successful People's Party (interwar Romania), People's Party, which he brought to power in 1920–1921, with backing from King of Romania, King Ferdinand I of Romania, Ferdinand I and the National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875), National Liberal Party (PNL), and with the notable parti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Army (Romania)
The Second Army was a field army of the Romanian Land Forces, created on 18 August 1916. Its successor is the 2nd Infantry Division. History World War I The Second Army was part of the Romanian offensive in Transylvania during the autumn of 1916. Following the failure of the offensive and due to the Central Powers counterattack, which led to the occupation of most of the country's territory, the Second Army, along with the remnants of other Romanian military units, were forced to retreat into the region of Moldavia, the only Romanian territory unoccupied by enemy forces. The Second Army, among other units, underwent a process of reorganization and modernization in the winter of 1916–1917 as part of French General Henri Berthelot's mission to revitalize the exhausted and decimated Romanian military. The Central Powers advance towards Moldavia was hampered by bad weather and poor infrastructure and as a result hostilities were only resumed in the summer of 1917. A pla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
