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Gharbzadegi
''Gharbzadegi'' ( fa, غربزدگی) is a pejorative Persian term variously translated as ‘Westernized’, ‘West-struck-ness’, ‘Westoxification’, ‘Westitis’, ‘Euromania’, or ‘Occidentosis’. It is used to refer to the loss of Iranian cultural identity through the adoption and imitation of Western models and Western criteria in education, the arts, and culture; through the transformation of Iran into a passive market for Western goods and a pawn in Western geopolitics. The phrase was first coined by Ahmad Fardid, a professor of philosophy at the University of Tehran, in the 1940s. It gained common usage following the clandestine publication in 1962 of the book ''Occidentosis: A Plague from the West'' by Jalal Al-e-Ahmad. Fardid's definition of the term as referring to the hegemony of ancient Greek philosophy, differed from its later usage as popularised by Al-e Ahmad. From Negligible Neologism to Catch-Phrase In 1965, Peter Avery referred to the topic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jalal Al-e-Ahmad
Seyyed Jalāl Āl-e-Ahmad ( fa, جلال آلاحمد; December 2, 1923September 9, 1969) was a prominent Iranian novelist, short-story writer, translator, philosopher, socio-political critic, sociologist, as well as an anthropologist who was "one of the earliest and most prominent of contemporary Iranian ethnographers". He popularized the term '' gharbzadegi'' – variously translated in English as "westernstruck", "westoxification", and "Occidentosis" –, producing a holistic ideological critique of the West "which combined strong themes of Frantz Fanon and Marx". Personal life Jalal was born in Tehran, into a religious family – his father was a cleric – "originally from the village of Aurazan in the Taliqan district bordering Mazandaran in northern Iran, and in due time Jalal was to travel there, exerting himself actively for the welfare of the villagers and devoting to them the first of his anthropological monographs". He was a cousin of Mahmoud Taleghani. After ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmad Fardid
Seyyed Ahmad Fardid ( fa, سید احمد فردید) (Born in 1910, Yazd – 16 August 1994, Tehran), born Ahmad Mahini Yazdi, was a prominent Iranian philosopher and a professor of Tehran University. He is considered to be among the philosophical ideologues of the Islamic government of Iran which came to power in 1979. Fardid was under the influence of Martin Heidegger, the influential German philosopher, whom he considered "the only Western philosopher who understood the world and the only philosopher whose insights were congruent with the principles of the Islamic Republic. These two figures, Khomeini and Heidegger, helped Fardid argue his position." What he decried was the anthropocentrism and rationalism brought by classical Greece, replacing the authority of God and faith with human reason, and in that regard he also criticized Islamic philosophers like al Farabi and Mulla Sadra for having absorbed Greek philosophy. Fardid studied philosophy at Sorbonne university and Uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persian Language
Persian (), also known by its endonym and exonym, endonym Farsi (, ', ), is a Western Iranian languages, Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian languages, Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages. Persian is a pluricentric language predominantly spoken and used officially within Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan in three mutual intelligibility, mutually intelligible standard language, standard varieties, namely Iranian Persian (officially known as ''Persian''), Dari, Dari Persian (officially known as ''Dari'' since 1964) and Tajik language, Tajiki Persian (officially known as ''Tajik'' since 1999).Siddikzoda, S. "Tajik Language: Farsi or not Farsi?" in ''Media Insight Central Asia #27'', August 2002. It is also spoken natively in the Tajik variety by a significant population within Uzbekistan, as well as within other regions with a Persianate society, Persianate history in the cultural sphere of Greater Ira ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ali Mirsepasi
Ali Mirsepassi (born 1950) is an Iranian-American sociologist and political scientist and Albert Gallatin Research Excellence Professor of Middle Eastern and Islamic studies at New York University New York University (NYU) is a private research university in New York City. Chartered in 1831 by the New York State Legislature, NYU was founded by a group of New Yorkers led by then-Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin. In 1832, the .... Books * ''The Discovery of Iran: Taghi Arani, a Radical Cosmopolitan'', Cambridge University Press, 2021 * ''Iran's Quiet Revolution: The Downfall of the Pahlavi State'', Cambridge University Press, 2019 * ''Iran’s Troubled Modernity: Debating Ahmad Fardid’s Legacy'', Cambridge University Press, 2018 * ''Transnationalism in Iranian Political Thought: The Life and Thought of Ahmad Fardid'', Cambridge University Press, 2017 * ''Islam, Democracy, and Cosmopolitanism'', Cambridge University Press, 2014, co-author, with Tadd Fernee * ''Po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tehran American School
The Tehran American School (TAS)1970s campus location was an American international school in Tehran, Iran. It was founded in 1954, and it held its final classes in 1978.Egherman, Tori.Notebook , The Last Days of the Tehran American School. ''PBS Frontline''. November 5, 2012. Retrieved on September 15, 2015. The school, affiliated with the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, served grades K–12 in a coeducational manner and used English as the language of instruction.Harvey, John F. ( Motahedin University). "School libraries in Iran." In: Carroll, Frances Laverne. "School Library Development in Other Countries." ''Recent Advances in School Librarianship: Recent Advances in Library and Information Services'' (Volume 1 of Recent advances in library and information services). Elsevier, May 20, 2014. , 9781483157689. Section start (identifies the author): p179 CITED: p181 "Probably the best school library was operated 1950–78 by the private Tehran American School which was affiliated with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jahiliyyah
The Age of Ignorance ( ar, / , " ignorance") is an Islamic concept referring to the period of time and state of affairs in Arabia before the advent of Islam in 610 CE. It is often translated as the "Age of Ignorance". The term ''jahiliyyah'' is derived from the verbal root ''jahala'' () "to be ignorant or stupid, to act stupidly".Amros, Arne A. & Stephan Pocházka. (2004). ''A Concise Dictionary of Koranic Arabic'', Reichert Verlag, Wiesbaden In modern times various Islamic thinkers have used the term to criticize what they saw as the un-Islamic nature of public and private life in the Muslim world. For Islamist scholars like Muhammad Rashid Rida, Abul A'la Maududi, and others, ''Jahiliyyah'' refers to secular modernity and modern Western culture. In his works, Maududi asserted that modernity is the “new jahiliyyah.” Sayyid Qutb viewed jahiliyyah as a state of domination of humans over humans, as opposed to their submission to God. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cultural Cringe
Cultural cringe, in cultural studies and social anthropology, is an internalized inferiority complex that causes people in a country to dismiss their own culture as inferior to the cultures of other countries. It is closely related to the concept of colonial mentality and is often linked with the display of anti-intellectual attitudes towards thinkers, scientists, and artists who originate from a colony or former colony. It can also be manifested in individuals in the form of cultural alienation. Origin In 1894, Australian bush poet Henry Lawson wrote in his preface to his ''Short Stories in Prose and Verse'': The term "cultural cringe" was coined in Australia after the Second World War by the Melbourne critic and social commentator A. A. Phillips, and defined in an influential and highly controversial 1950 essay of the same name. It explored ingrained feelings of inferiority that local intellectuals struggled against, and which were most clearly pronounced in the Austra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Occidentalism
Occidentalism is a distorted and stereotyped image of Western society (the occident), which can be held by people inside and outside the Western world and which can be articulated or implicit. The term emerged as the reciprocal of the notion of Orientalism - Western stereotypes of the Eastern world, the Orient. Occidental representations In China "Traditions Regarding Western Countries" became a regular part of the ''Twenty-Four Histories'' from the 5th century CE, when commentary about The West concentrated upon on an area that did not extend farther than Syria. The extension of European imperialism in the 18th and 19th centuries established, represented, and defined the existence of an "Eastern world" and of a "Western world". Western stereotypes appear in works of Indian, Chinese and Japanese art of those times. At the same time, Western influence in politics, culture, economics and science came to be constructed through an imaginative geography of West and East. Occidentalis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, most populous country, with a Population of China, population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and Borders of China, borders fourteen countries by land, the List of countries and territories by land borders, most of any country in the world, tied with Russia. Covering an area of approximately , it is the world's third List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country by total land area. The country consists of 22 provinces of China, provinces, five autonomous regions of China, autonomous regions, four direct-administered municipalities of China, municipalities, and two special administrative regions of China, Special Administrative Regions (Hong Kong and Macau). The national capital is Beijing, and the List of cities in China by population, most populous cit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sharqzadegi
''Sharqzadegi'' or ''Sharghzadegi'' (Persian: شرقزدگی) is a pejorative Persian term variously translated as "Eastoxification." It is used to refer to the loss of Iranian independence in the fields manufacturing, products and innovation due to the import of cheap Chinese alternatives. This has become especially pertinent in the early half the 21st century with the increase in Chinese automotive companies inside Iran. Unlike "Westoxification", "Eastofixication" does not infer Iranians' interest in Oriental culture, however is in 2015 limited to the appropriation and rise of Chinese industry in Iran. Eastoxifiation first appearance in printed literature in the English languages dates back to 1984, where Martin E. Marty ''Fundamentalisms and Society: Reclaiming the Sciences, the Family, and Education'' states that sharqhzadeqi is the act of appreciation of Eastern culture. See also * Intellectual movements in Iran References {{Iran topics Economy of Iran Anti-Chi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Rottenhat
''Old Rottenhat'' is the fourth studio album by Robert Wyatt. It was released in November 1985, and in 1993 it was reissued in its entirety as part of the CD '' Mid-Eighties''. The album was produced and performed solo by Wyatt, and is dedicated to Michael Bettaney, a UK MI5 intelligence officer who in 1984 was convicted for acting as an agent-in-place for the Soviet Union. Track listing :''All songs written by Robert Wyatt'' Side one #"Alliance" – 4:24 #"The United States of Amnesia" – 5:50 #"East Timor" – 2:52 #"Speechless" – 3:37 #"The Age of Self" – 2:50 #"Vandalusia" – 2:44 Side two #"The British Road" – 6:23 #"Mass Medium" – 4:43 #"Gharbzadegi" – 7:54 #"P.L.A." – 2:31 Personnel * Robert Wyatt: vocals, piano, keyboards, bass, percussion Recording details *Recorded in 1984 at West 3 Studios, Acton, London, by John McGowan. *Recorded in 1985 at Acre Lane Studios, Brixton, by Bill Gilonis. "Thanks to Charles Gray and Vicky Aspinall for invaluable h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
