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Geschichte Des Qorāns
''Geschichte des Qorāns'' () is a foundational work in Quranic studies by German scholar Theodor Nöldeke (1836–1930). It was first published in 1860, and then revised and expanded by Nöldeke's students and successors between 1909 and 1938. An English translation came out in 2013. Nöldeke's book represented a major leap forward in the field of Quranic studies, aided by access to collections of manuscripts in Germany and the recent publication of the ''al-Itqān fī ʿulūm al-Qurʾan'', a major 15th-century traditional commentary on the Quran by Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūṭī, in 1857. Nöldeke reassessed the traditional chronology of the Quran, placing each surah of the Quran into either a Meccan or a Medinan period, with the Meccan period being earlier. The Meccan period was also split into Early, Middle, and Late Meccan phases. Since its publication, the ''Geschichte'' has exerted a great influence over the field of Quranic studies, and was described by the scholar Angeli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodor Nöldeke - Orientalische Studien
Theodor is a masculine given name. It is a German form of Theodore. It is also a variant of Teodor. List of people with the given name Theodor * Theodor Adorno, (1903–1969), German philosopher * Theodor Aman, Romanian painter * Theodor Blueger, Latvian professional ice hockey forward for the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL) * Theodor Burghele, Romanian surgeon, President of the Romanian Academy * Theodor Busse, German general during World War I and World War II * Theodor Cazaban, Romanian writer * Theodor Eicke, German SS general * Theodor Fischer (fencer), German Olympic épée and foil fencer * Theodor Fontane, (1819–1898), German writer * Theodor Geisel, American writer and cartoonist, known by the pseudonym Dr. Seuss * Theodor W. Hänsch (born 1940), German physicist * Theodor Herzl, (1860–1904), Austrian-Hungary Jewish journalist and the founder of modern political Zionism * Theodor Heuss, (1884–1963), German politician and publicist * Theo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surah 96
Al-ʻAlaq (, ''al-ʻalaq'', also known as "The Clinging Clot" or "The Embryo") is the 96th chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an. It is composed of 19 '' āyāt'' or verses. It is sometimes also known as Sūrat Iqrā (, "Read"). Chapter 96 of the Qur'an is traditionally believed to have been Muhammad's first revelation. It is said that while Muhammad was on retreat in the Cave of Hira, at Jabal al-Nour near Mecca, the angel Gabriel appeared before him and commanded him to "Read!". He responded, "But I cannot read!". Then the angel Gabriel embraced him tightly and revealed to him the first lines, "Read: In the name of your Lord Who created, (1) Created man from a clot. (2) Read: And your Lord is the Most Generous, (3) Who taught by the pen, (4) Taught man that which he knew not." (Bukhari 4953). It is traditionally understood the first five ayat or verses (1–5) of Surah Alaq were revealed; however, this is not the first fully complete Surah to be revealed and was actually revealed i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surah 97
Al-Qadr (, "Power, Fate") is the 97th chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an, with 5 āyāt or verses. It is a Meccan surah which celebrates the night when the first revelation of what would become the Qur'an was sent down. The chapter has been so designated after the word ''al-qadr'' in the first verse. It is mainly about power. Summary *1 – The Quran or a divine illumination vouchsafed to Muhammad on the night of al Qadr *2–5 – The night of al Qadr described and lauded Laylat al-Qadr Quran 97 describes ''Laylat al-Qadr'', the "Night of the abundant portion of blessings" in Ramadan on which Muslims believe the Qur'an was first revealed. The night is not comparable to any others in view of Muslims and according to a tradition, the blessings due to the acts of worship during this night cannot be equaled even by worshipping throughout an entire lifetime. The reward of acts of worship done in this one single night is more than the reward of around 83 years (1000 months) of worsh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surah 93
Al-Ḍuḥā (, "The Morning Hours", "Morning Bright", "The Early Hours") is the ninety-third chapter (''surah'') of the Qur'an, with 11 '' āyat'' or verses. Qur'an 93 takes its name from Arabic its opening word, ''al-ḍuḥā'', "the morning". The chapter begins with oaths. It is often coupled with sura al-Inshirah, sometimes without the basmala between them. It should be taken into consideration that according to many narrations, it is said that surah Ad -Dhuha and surah Al-Inshirah are one surah and should be recited in prayers (salah) together. One can also see the close relation between the subject matter of both the surahs. Summary *1-3 Muhammad comforted by the assurance that God is with him *4-5 The life to come to be preferred to the present life *6-11 Muhammad exhorted to care for the orphan and beggar See also * Salah (prayer) * Zuhr (mid-day prayer) References External links Quran 93Clear Quran translation Mustafa Khattab is a Canadian–Egyptian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surah 94
Al-Inshirāḥ (, "Solace" or "Comfort"), or ash-Sharḥ (Arabic: الشرح, "The Opening-Up of the Breast") is the ninety-fourth chapter (''surah'') of the Qur'an, with eight '' ayat'' or verses. Because of its subject matter, length, style, and placement in the Qur'an, this sura is often coupled with Surah ad-Dhuha (Sura 93). They are generally considered to have been revealed around the same time. Al-Inshirāḥ's subject matter seems a continuation of the reassurance and encouragement given in the preceding chapter and so closely resembles it that both these Surah seem to have been revealed in about the same period under similar conditions. Regarding the timing and contextual background of the revelation (''asbāb al-nuzūl''), it is an earlier "Meccan surah", which means it is believed to have been revealed in Mecca, instead of later in Medina. It is typically assumed that this sura is referring to the early days of Muhammad's prophethood when he would have been unsur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surah 90
Al-Balad (, "The City"), is the 90th Surah or chapter of the Qur'an. It is composed of 20 ''ayat'' (verses). Summary *1-7 Man, though created in misery, yet boasts of his riches *8-16 Captives to be freed and the poor and orphan in Islam, orphan to be fed *17-20 Description of the Companions of the right hand, companions of the right and left hand Period of revelation The subject matter and style of Qur'anic chapter ''al balad'' resemble those of the earliest Surahs revealed at Mecca,List of suras in the Quran, Quran Verses in Chronological Order but it contains a pointer which indicates that it was sent down in the period when the disbelievers of Makkah had resolved to oppose Muhammad, and made it lawful for themselves to commit tyranny and excess against Mohammed Theme and subject matter According to an interpretation expounded on in the ''tafsir, tafsīr'' (commentary) written by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi (d. 1979) entitled ''Tafhim al-Qur'an'',Maududi, S.''Tafhim al-Qur'an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surah 92
Sūrat al-Layl (, "The Night") is the ninety-second ''sūrah'' (chapter) of the Qur'an, containing twenty-one '' āyāt'' (verses). This sūrah is one of the first ten to be revealed in Mecca. It contrasts two types of people, the charitable and the miserly, and describes each of their characteristics. Summary *1-4 Oaths by various natural objects *5-13 The obedient blessed and the covetous accursed *14-16 The covetous warned with hell-fire *17-21 True believers shall be rewarded hereafter Date of the revelations ''Sūrah Al-Lail'' is a Meccan sura, and was among the first ten ''surahs'' to be revealed. Meccan surahs are chronologically earlier surahs that were revealed to Muhammad at Mecca before the hijrah to Medina in 622 CE. They are typically shorter, with relatively short '' ayat'', and mostly come near the end of the Qur'an's 114 sūwar. Most of the surahs containing '' muqatta'at'' are Meccan. According to Yusuf Ali, Al-Lail may be placed in the dating period close ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surah 105
Al-Fīl (, "The Elephant") is the 105th chapter (surah) of the Quran. It is a Meccan sura consisting of 5 verses. The surah is written in the interrogative form. : Have you not seen Prophethow your Lord dealt with the army of the Elephant? : Did he not frustrate their scheme? : For he sent against them flocks of birds, : that pelted them with stones of baked clay; : leaving them like chewed up straw Summary *1-5 The army of Abraha destroyed for attacking the Kaabah. Text and meaning Text and transliteration *Hafs from Aasim ibn Abi al-Najud ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ *Warsh from Nafiʽ al-Madani ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ Meanings Have you (O Muhammad (Peace be upon him)) not seen how your Lord dealt with the Owners of the Elephant? Yemen">he elephant army which came from Yemen under the command of Abraha">Abrahah Al-Ashram intending to destroy the Kaaba at Mecca]. Did He not make their plot go astray? And sent against them b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surah 102
At-Takāthur (, "Rivalry, Competition") is the 102nd chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an, with 8 verses ( āyāt). Regarding the timing and contextual background of the believed revelation (''asbāb al-nuzūl''), it is an earlier "Meccan surah", which means it is believed to have been revealed in Mecca, rather than later in Medina. Summary *1-3 Men spend their time seeking the things of this world *3-5 The judgment-day shall reveal their folly *6-8 In consequence they shall see hell-fire Text, translation, and transliteration The translation is the Saheeh International English translation of the Qur'an. In the name of Allāh, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful... 1 Competition in orldlyincrease diverts you 2 Until you visit the graveyards. 3 No! You are going to know. 4 Then, no! You are going to know. 5 No! If you only knew with knowledge of certainty... 6 You will surely see the Hellfire. 7 Then you will surely see it with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surah 107
Al-Ma'un (, , "Small Kindnesses, Almsgiving, Acts of Kindness, and Have You Seen") is the 107th surah of the Qur'an, with 7 ''ayat'' or verses. : Have you seen the one who denies the ˹final˺ Judgment? : That is the one who repulses the orphan, : and does not encourage the feeding of the poor. : So woe to those ˹hypocrites˺ who pray : yet are unmindful of their prayers; : those who ˹only˺ show off, : and refuse to give ˹even the simplest˺ aid. According to Abul A'la Maududi in his Chapter Introductions to the Quran', Ibn Abbas was cited by differing narrators as to whether it is a Medinan or Meccan surah. According to Maududi, it is more likely for the surah to be Medinan, given that the hypocritical unmindful worshippers addressed (especially in verses 4-6) would not have been seen in Mecca, where Muslims were persecuted for practicing their religion openly. Whereas in Medina, where Muslims held power, such people would be expected. Summary *1-3 Denunci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surah 104
'Al-Humazah'' (: "The Backbiter", "The Slanderer", or "The Scorner") is the 104th chapter (sūrah) of the Qur'an, with 9 āyāt or verses. : Woe to every backbiter, slanderer, : who amasses wealth ˹greedily˺ and counts it ˹repeatedly˺, : thinking that their wealth will make them immortal! : Not at all! Such a person will certainly be tossed into the Crusher. : And what will make you realize what the Crusher is? : ˹It is˺ Allah's kindled Fire, : which rages over the hearts. : It will be sealed over them, : ˹tightly secured˺ with long braces. The Surah takes its name from the word humazah occurring in the first verse. The main statement in this surah is the Consequences of man in loss. It condemns those who slander others, whether by speech or action, and imagine that their own wealth will keep them immune from death, and describes the doom of Hell which awaits them. Regarding the timing and contextual background of the revelation (''asbāb al-nuzūl'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surah 108
Al-Kawthar () is the 108th chapter (sūrah) of the Quran. It is the shortest chapter, consisting of three '' ayat'' or verses: : We have given thee abundance : So pray to your Lord and sacrifice o Him alone : Indeed, your enemy is the one cut off. There are several different opinions as the timing and contextual background of its supposed revelation (''asbāb al-nuzūl''). According to Ibn Ishaq, it is an earlier Meccan surah, which is believed to have been revealed in Mecca, sometime before the Isra and Mi'raj. The word ''Kawthar'' is derived from the triliteral root (k - th - r), which has meanings of "to increase in number, to outnumber, to happen frequently; to show pride in wealth and/or children; to be rich, plentiful, abundance." The form ''Kawthar'' itself is an intensive deverbal noun, meaning "abundance, multitude". It appears in the Qur'an solely in this sūrah. Text and meaning Text and transliteration *Hafs from Aasim ibn Abi al-Najud ¹ ² � ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
