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Germanía
Germanía () is the Spanish term for the argot used by criminals or in jails in Spain during 16th and 17th centuries. Its purpose is to keep outsiders out of the conversation. The ultimate origin of the word is the Latin word , through Catalan (brother) and ("brotherhood, guild"). Some documentation for it occurs in picaresque works as early as the Spanish Golden Century, such as in Quevedo's '' El Buscón''. Some writers used it in poetry for comical effect. After the arrival of the Romani people and their frequent imprisonment, ''germanía'' incorporated much vocabulary from Romany and its descendant, the '' caló'' jargon. As time passed, several words entered popular use and even standard Spanish, losing their value for secrecy. ''Germanía'' survives today in the '' cheli'' jargon. War of the Germanías The term ''germanía'' ("brotherhood" in Catalan—compare with Galician ''irmandade'' and Spanish ''hermandad'') originated from the name of a revolt against th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cant Languages
A cant is the jargon or language of a group, often employed to exclude or mislead people outside the group.McArthur, T. (ed.) ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (1992) Oxford University Press It may also be called a cryptolect, argot, pseudo-language, anti-language or secret language. Each term differs slightly in meaning; their uses are inconsistent. Etymology There are two main schools of thought on the origin of the word ''cant'': * In linguistics, the derivation is normally seen to be from the Irish word (older spelling ), "speech, talk", or Scottish Gaelic . It is seen to have derived amongst the itinerant groups of people in Ireland and Scotland, who hailed from both Irish/Scottish Gaelic and English-speaking backgrounds, ultimately developing as various creole languages. However, the various types of cant (Scottish/Irish) are mutually unintelligible. The Irish creole variant is termed " the cant". Its speakers from the Irish Traveller community know it as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rotwelsch
Rotwelsch (, " beggar's foreign (language)") or Gaunersprache ( " crook's language") also Khokhmer Loshn (from Yiddish "", "tongue of the wise") is a secret language, a cant or thieves' argot, spoken by groups (primarily marginalized groups) in Germany, Switzerland, Austria, and Bohemia. The language is based on a mix of Low German, Yiddish, Hebrew, Romani, Latin, and Czech with a High German substrate. Name Rotwelsch was first named by Martin Luther in his preface of '' Liber Vagatorum'' in the 16th century. ''Rot'' means "beggar" while ''welsch'' means "incomprehensible" (cf '' *Walhaz''): thus, ''rotwelsch'' signifies the incomprehensible cant of beggars. History was formerly common among travelling craftspeople and vagrants. The language is built on a strong substratum of German, but contains numerous words from other languages, notably from various German dialects, and other Germanic languages like Yiddish, as well as from Romany languages. has also played a great r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thieves' Cant
Thieves' cant (also known as thieves' argot, rogues' cant, or peddler's French) is a cant (language), cant, cryptolect, or argot which was formerly used by thieves, beggars, and hustlers of various kinds in Great Britain and to a lesser extent in other English-speaking countries. It is now mostly obsolete and used in literature and fantasy role-playing, although individual terms continue to be used in the criminal subcultures of Britain and the United States. History Cant (language), Cant is a common feature of rogue literature of the Elizabethan era in England, in both pamphlets and theatre. It was claimed by Samuel Rid to have been devised around 1530 by two vagabond leaders – Giles Hather, of the gypsies, "Egyptians", and Cock Lorell, of the "Quartern of Knaves" – at Peak Cavern, The Devil's Arse, a cave in Derbyshire, "to the end that their wiktionary:cozening, cozenings, wiktionary:knavery, knaveries and wiktionary:villainy, villainies might not so easily be perceived an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quinqui
Quinqui jargon is associated with ''quincalleros'' (an itinerant group). They are a semi-nomadic people who live mainly in the northern half of Spain. They prefer to be called ''mercheros''. They have declined in number from earlier reports and are possibly vanishing as a distinct ethnic group. The language is based on ''Germanía'', an old Spanish criminal argot. It has elements of ''Caló'', a dialect of the Spanish Roma. The term comes from the word ''quincallería'' (ironmongery), from ironmongers who first used this cant as part of their trade. Because the men were frequently blamed for petty crime, the word is associated in modern Spanish with delinquents, petty thieves, or hoodlums. The mercheros identify as a distinct group separate from the Roma ''gitanos''. Scholars have many theories about the social origins of ''mercheros'', summarized as the following: *Descendants of mechanical workers who arrived in Spain from central Europe in the 16th century; *Desce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lunfardo
Lunfardo (; from the Italian ) is an argot originated and developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the lower classes in the Río de la Plata region (encompassing the port cities of Buenos Aires in Argentina and Montevideo in Uruguay) and from there spread to other urban areas nearby, such as the Greater Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Argentina, Santa Fe and Rosario. Lunfardo originated from the mixture of languages and dialects produced due to the massive European immigration to the Americas, European immigration, mainly Italian and Spanish, which arrived in the ports of the region since the end of the 19th century. It was originally a slang used by criminals and soon by other people of the lower and lower-middle classes. Later, many of its words and phrases were introduced in the vernacular and disseminated in the Rioplatense Spanish, Spanish of Argentina, and Uruguay. Nevertheless, since the early 20th century, Lunfardo has spread among all social strata and classes by hab ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
El Buscón
''El Buscón'' (full title ''Historia de la vida del Buscón, llamado Don Pablos, ejemplo de vagamundos y espejo de tacaños'' (literally: History of the life of the Swindler, called Don Pablos, model for hobos and mirror of misers); translated as ''Paul the Sharper or The Scavenger'' and ''The Swindler'') is a picaresque novel by Francisco de Quevedo. It was written around 1604 (the exact date of completion is not known) and published in 1626 by a press in Zaragoza (without Quevedo's permission), though it had circulated in manuscript form previous to that. Purpose of the work The only novel written by Quevedo, it is presented in the first person singular and chronicles the adventures of Don Pablos, a ''buscón'' or swindler. Pablos sets out in life with two aims: to learn virtue and to become a ''caballero'' (gentleman). He fails miserably in both. ''El Buscón'' has been considered a profound satire on Spanish life, but also as a literary exercise for Quevedo, in that he w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caló Language
Caló (; ; ; ) is a language spoken by the Spanish and Portuguese Romani ethnic groups. It is a mixed language (referred to as a Para-Romani language in Romani linguistics) based on Romance grammar, with an adstratum of Romani lexical items, through language shift by the Romani community. It is said to be used as an argot, or a secret language, for discreet communication amongst Iberian Romani. Catalan, Galician, Portuguese, and Spanish are closely related varieties that share a common root.Adiego, I. ''Un vocabulario español-gitano del Marqués de Sentmenat (1697–1762)'' Ediciones Universitat de Barcelona (2002) Spanish caló, or Spanish Romani, was originally known as . Portuguese , or Portuguese Romani, also goes by the term ; it used to be referred to as , but this word has since acquired the general sense of jargon or slang, often with a negative undertone (cf. , 'obscene language', lit. low-level ). The language is also spoken in Brazil, France, Venezuela, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argot
A cant is the jargon or language of a group, often employed to exclude or mislead people outside the group.McArthur, T. (ed.) ''The Oxford Companion to the English Language'' (1992) Oxford University Press It may also be called a cryptolect, argot, pseudo-language, anti-language or secret language. Each term differs slightly in meaning; their uses are inconsistent. Etymology There are two main schools of thought on the origin of the word ''cant'': * In linguistics, the derivation is normally seen to be from the Irish word (older spelling ), "speech, talk", or Scottish Gaelic . It is seen to have derived amongst the itinerant groups of people in Ireland and Scotland, who hailed from both Irish/Scottish Gaelic and English-speaking backgrounds, ultimately developing as various creole languages. However, the various types of cant (Scottish/Irish) are mutually unintelligible. The Irish creole variant is termed " the cant". Its speakers from the Irish Traveller community know it as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valencia (autonomous Community)
The Valencian Community is an autonomous community of Spain. It is the fourth most populous Spanish autonomous community after Andalusia, Catalonia and the Community of Madrid with more than five million inhabitants.Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Madrid, 2020. Its eponymous capital Valencia is the third largest city and metropolitan area in Spain. It is located along the Mediterranean coast on the east side of the Iberian Peninsula. It borders Catalonia to the north, Aragon and Castilla–La Mancha to the west, and Murcia to the south, and the Balearic Islands are to its east. The Valencian Community is divided into three provinces: Castellón, Valencia and Alicante. According to Valencia's Statute of Autonomy, the Valencian people are a '' "historical nationality"''. Their origins date back to the 1238 Aragonese conquest of the Taifa of Valencia. The newly-founded Kingdom of Valencia enjoyed its own legal entity and administrative institutions as a component of the Crow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Real Academia Española
The Royal Spanish Academy (, ; ) is Spain's official royal institution with a mission to ensure the stability of the Spanish language. It is based in Madrid, Spain, and is affiliated with national language academies in 22 other Hispanophone nations through the Association of Academies of the Spanish Language. The RAE dedicates itself to language planning by applying linguistic prescription aimed at promoting linguistic unity within and between various territories, to ensure a common standard. The proposed language guidelines are shown in a number of works. History In 1711, Spain, unlike France, Italy and Portugal, did not have a large dictionary with a comprehensive and collegially elaborated lexicographical repertoire. The initial nucleus of the future Academy was formed that same year by the eight novatores who met in the library of the palace of , Duke of Escalona and Marquess of Villena, located in the Plaza de las Descalzas Reales in Madrid. The Spanish Academy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gacería
Gacería, also known as briquería or briquero, is a linguistic variant whose core has its origins between the 12th and 13th centuries, it was especially rooted during the 19th and 20th centuries as cant and slang within the professional world of threshing and farming implement manufacturers, cattle dealers as well as other traditional commercial activities, although its use is not limited to work activity. It is spoken especially in the Segovian city of Cantalejo and neighboring municipalities, although it is lukewarmly extended in other areas of the province of Segovia, in Castile and León, Spain. Gacería incorporated Galician, French, Basque and Arabic words into its vocabulary, a linguistic practice employed also by traveling professional groups of Castile. Users of Gacería also incorporated words from Caló (Spanish Romani), Germanic languages and Catalan. These trade routes did not usually extend into the Basque Country or Valencia, but words from these foreign ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
