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Georgian Conquest Of Shirvan
The Georgian conquest of Shirvan was a military conquest of Shirvan by David IV the Builder during the Georgian–Seljuk wars. Conquest Around 1112, David IV's daughter, Tamar, was given in marriage to the future Shirvanshah, Manuchihr III. Despite this alliance, Afridun I probably continued to cooperate with the Seljuks. In 1117, David sent his son, Demetrius, on a punitive campaign to Shirvan, and the young commander astonished the people with his deftness in battle. Demetrius seized Kaladzori Castle (later Alberd, now Agdash) and returned home with many captives and much wealth. In 1120, David IV captured Qabala, returned to Kartli, quickly gathered an army, and invaded Shirvan on 7 May. He ravaged the country from Lizhata to Kurdevan and Khishtalan. At the same time, David IV managed to convince his vassal from the Derbent to invade Shirvan, and a war between the two parties soon broke out. In November, the Derbentians killed Shirvanshah Afridun I in combat, giving Da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shirvan
Shirvan (from ; ; Tat: ''Şirvan'') is a historical region in the eastern Caucasus, as known in both pre-Islamic Sasanian and Islamic times. Today, the region is an industrially and agriculturally developed part of the Republic of Azerbaijan that stretches between the western shores of the Caspian Sea and the Kura River, centered on the Shirvan Plain. History Etymology Vladimir Minorsky believes that names such as Sharvān (Shirwān), Lāyzān and Baylaqān are Iranian names from the Iranian languages of the coast of the Caspian Sea. There are several explanations about this name: * Shirvan or Sharvan are corrupted forms of the word "Shahrbān" () which means "the governor". The word "Shahrban" has been used since Achaemenian Dynasty as "Xshathrapawn" (satrap) to refer to different states of the kingdom. * Shervan in Persian means cypress tree (the same as 'sarv' in Middle Persian and in New Persian, as well as in ArabicDehkhoda dictionary). It is also used as a male n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emirate Of Derbent
Emirate of Derbent () was a medieval state that arose on the Caspian trade route with its center in the city of Derbent. The latter occupied a key position among trade centers in the Caspian region. It was ruled by the Hashimid dynasty (''Āl-e Hāšem''), descendants of a freedman from the Banu Sulaym tribe. Background The first attack on Derbent by an Arab Caliphate was launched in 642 under Suraqa ibn Amr, according to al-Tabari. As a result, the city's Sassanid-appointed governor Shahrbaraz surrendered. Thereafter the city was used as a base by Arabs during the devastating Arab–Khazar wars. In 713–714, Arab general Maslama led an expedition which captured Derbent, reportedly after a resident showed him a secret underground passage. The Armenian historian Łewond claims that the Arabs, realizing that they could not hold the fortress, razed its walls. Future caliph Marwan II once garrisoned Derbent. Asid ibn Zafir al-Sulami and his son Yazid were also once in command of D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bedia Cathedral
Bedia Cathedral ( ka, ბედიის მონასტერი) is a medieval Georgian Orthodox Church, Georgian Orthodox cathedral located in Bedia (village), Bedia, in the Tkvarcheli District, Tkvarcheli district of Abkhazia (or Ochamchire Municipality according to the Georgia's subdivision), a disputed region on the Black Sea coast. Bedia Cathedral was originally built at the close of the 10th century and consecrated in 999 on the behest of King Bagrat III of Georgia, Bagrat II of Abkhazia, who would go on to become the first King of the Kingdom of Georgia, Georgia as Bagrat III of Georgia, Bagrat III and who was interred at the church after his death. The extant edifices, however, date back to the 13th-14th centuries and include a domed Cruciform#Cruciform architectural plan, cruciform church, a belltower resting upon the northern narthex and the ruins of an old palace. The southern wall of the main church contains fragments of contemporary murals, including the portraits ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mtsignobartukhutsesi
In feudal Georgia, the '''' (), or Grand Chancellor, was the head of notaries and composer of documents. From the beginning of the 12th century, the Grand Chancellor was the head of government, second in authority only to the king. Following the ecclesiastic Council of Ruisi-Urbnisi of 1103, David IV separated the main authoritative institutions (internal, military and finances) and put them under direct supervision of the ''Mtsignobartukhutses-Chkondideli''. This position was usually kept by the archbishop of Chqondidi, who united in his hands both ecclesiastical and secular powers. After the end of the 15th century, the post lost its initial significance.N. A. Berdzenishvili, ("The Institution of the Vizier in Feudal Georgia"), Tbilisi: Vol. 3, pp. 5-56, 1966. See also *Court officials of the Kingdom of Georgia The court officials of the Kingdom of Georgia, were in charge of the royal court. The chronological lists below are not exhaustive, since there exist large gaps in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kakheti
Kakheti (; ) is a region of Georgia. Telavi is its administrative center. The region comprises eight administrative districts: Telavi, Gurjaani, Qvareli, Sagarejo, Dedoplistsqaro, Signagi, Lagodekhi and Akhmeta. Kakhetians speak the Kakhetian dialect of Georgian. Kakheti is one of the most significant wine producing regions of Georgia, home to a number of Georgian wines. The region is bordered to the west by the Georgian regions of Mtskheta-Mtianeti and Kvemo Kartli, to the north and east by the Russian Federation, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. Popular tourist attractions in Kakheti include Tusheti, Gremi, Signagi, Kvetera, Bodbe, Lagodekhi Protected Areas and Alaverdi Monastery. The Georgian David Gareji monastery complex is partially located in this province and is subject to a border dispute between Georgian and Azerbaijani authorities. Geography Beyond the modern-day administrative subdivision into the districts, Kakheti has traditionally ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Hereti
The Kingdom of Hereti ( ka, ჰერეთის სამეფო, tr) was a medieval Albanian monarchy which emerged in Caucasus on the Iberian-Albanian frontier. Nowadays it roughly corresponds to the southeastern corner of Georgia's Kakheti region and a portion of Azerbaijan's northwestern districts. According to traditional accounts, the name of the province originated from the legendary patriarch "Heros", the son of Thargamos, who founded the city of Hereti (later known as Khoranta) at the Alazani River. Background From the earliest times, Hereti came under the rule of the Caucasian Albania. With the decline of Caucasian Albania, the area was gradually incorporated into the Iberian kingdom forming one of its duchies (saeristavo) in the 5th century and its peoples were eventually assimilated into the Georgians proper. It was when the name Hereti first appeared in the Georgian sources. Hereti was populated by Caucasian Albanians, Dagestani, Armenians, Persians and Ge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Ani (1124)
The siege of Ani ( ka, ანისის ალყა) occurred in August 1124, when the Georgian army, led by King David IV the Builder, successfully liberated the ancient Armenian capital of Ani and northern Armenia from the control of the Muslim emirs. History Ani had been under Muslim control since its capture by Alp Arslan in 1064, and following its sale to the Shaddadids, a forced Islamization of the city took place, causing discontent among the local Christian population. The city of Ani was an important economic center of the Near East, during this period it was owned by Abu'l-Aswar Shavur ibn Manuchihr, who succeeded his father Manuchihr ibn Shavur in 1118. Abu'l-Aswar was accused by the contemporary Armenian historian Vardan Areveltsi of persecuting Christians and attempting to sell Ani to the Seljuk emir of Kars, he also placed a crescent on the dome of the Cathedral of Ani. In response, Ani's Armenians appealed to King David IV to capture Ani, taking this oppo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gulustan Fortress (Shamakhi)
Gulustan Fortress or Castle () is a medieval castle dating back to the 9th century, 9th-12th century, 12th centuries located in Shamakhi District of Azerbaijan. Although the oldest archeological findings from the castle date back to the 9th century, the Gulustan castle was radically rebuilt and strengthened in the 12th century - the beginning of the 13th century. Description The fortress rises 190-200 m above the surrounding territory. The defensive walls of the fortress were built on the slopes of the mountain, and the citadel itself was built on the top. From the north, east and west, the fortress was surrounded by an abyss. Today, fragments of ruins of round and quadrangular walls and towers have been preserved here. As a result of archaeological excavations on the territory of the fortress, the remains of buildings of the palace complex, samples of material culture of the 9th-12th centuries were discovered. Water entered the Gulistan fortress using clay pipes. The fortress a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arran (Caucasus)
Arran (Middle Persian form; Persian: اران or اردهان), also known as Aran or Ardhan, was a geographical name used in ancient and medieval times to signify a historically-Iranian region which lay within the triangle of land, lowland in the east and mountainous in the west, formed by the junction of the Kura and Aras rivers, including the highland and lowland Karabakh, Mil plain and parts of the Mughan plain. In pre-Islamic times, it corresponded roughly to the territory of the modern-day Republic of Azerbaijan. The term is the Middle Persian''Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland''. The Society, published 1902, page 64. Text states: ''"In Mustawfi's lists, however, the Arabic article has everywhere disappeared and we have Ray, Mawsil, etc.; while names such as Ar-Ran and Ar-Ras (spelt Al-Ran, Al-Ras in the Arabic writing), which in the older geographers had thus the false appearance of Arab names, in the pages of Mustawfi appear in plai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atabeg
Atabeg, Atabek, or Atabey is a hereditary title of nobility of Turkic language, Turkic origin, indicating a governor of a nation or province who was subordinate to a monarch and charged with raising the crown prince. The first instance of the title's use was with early Seljuk Turks who bestowed it on the Persian vizier Nizam al-Mulk. It was later used in the Kingdom of Georgia, first within the Armenia, Armeno-Georgian family of Mkhargrdzeli as a military title and then within the house of Jaqeli as Principality of Samtskhe, princes of Samtskhe. Title origins and meanings The word ''atabeg'' is a compound of the Turkic languages, Turkic word ''ata'', "ancestor", or "father" and the word ''beg'' or ''bey'', "lord, leader, prince". ''Beg'' is stated in some sources as being of Iranian origin (as in the compound Baghdad from ''bag/beg'' and ''dad'', "lord" given). However, according to Gerhard Doerfer, the word ''beg'' may have possibly been of Turkic origin – the origin of the wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kipchaks
The Kipchaks, also spelled Qipchaqs, known as Polovtsians (''Polovtsy'') in Russian annals, were Turkic nomads and then a confederation that existed in the Middle Ages inhabiting parts of the Eurasian Steppe. First mentioned in the eighth century as part of the Second Turkic Khaganate, they most likely inhabited the Altai region from where they expanded over the following centuries, first as part of the Kimek–Kipchak confederation and later as part of a confederation with the Cumans. There were groups of Kipchaks in the Pontic–Caspian steppe, China, Syr Darya, and Siberia. Cumania was conquered by the Mongol Empire in the early 13th century. Terminology The Kipchaks interpreted their name as meaning "hollow tree" (cf. Middle Turkic: ''kuv ağaç''); according to them, inside a hollow tree, their original human ancestress gave birth to her son. Németh points to the Siberian ''qıpčaq'' "angry, quick-tempered" attested only in the Siberian Sağay dialect (a dialect o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
