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George Barbu Știrbei
George Barbu Știrbei or Știrbeiŭ, also known as Gheorghe, Georgie, or Iorgu Știrbei (Romanian transitional alphabet, transitional Cyrillic: ''George Stirbeiꙋ̆''; Francization, Francized ''Georges Stirbey''; April 1, 1828 – August 15, 1925), was a Wallachian-born Romanian aristocrat and politician who served as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Romania), Minister of Foreign Affairs from July 15, 1866, until February 21, 1867. He was the eldest son of Barbu Dimitrie Știrbei, List of rulers of Wallachia, Prince of Wallachia, and the nephew of his rival, Gheorghe Bibescu; his younger siblings included the landowner and industrialist Alexandru B. Știrbei. Educated in France, he returned to Wallachia during his father's princely mandate, as a ''Begzada, Beizadea'' and aspiring politician. Fleeing his country during the Crimean War, he served the Second French Empire, French Empire before returning home to become Wallachian Minister of War and ''Spatharios''. He is remembered fo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Georges Achille Fould
Georges Achille-Fould or George-Achille Fould-Stirbey (24 August 1868 – 24 August 1951) was a French painter. Achille-Fould was born in Asnières-sur-Seine as the daughter of the actress Josephine Wilhelmine Valérie Simonin, better known under her pseudonym Gustave Haller, and politician Gustave-Eugène Fould (son of Achille Fould and member of the Fould family bankers). She was adopted along with her sister, the painter Consuelo Fould, by the Prince Stirbey. She and her sister were mentored by Rosa Bonheur, and she painted Bonheur's portrait in 1893. Her painting ''Courtship'' was included in the 1905 book ''Women Painters of the World''. Her work was also part of the painting event in the art competition at the 1924 Summer Olympics. Achille-Fould died in Brussels. File:Rosa Bonheur dans son atelier par Fould.jpg, ''Rosa Bonheur in her atelier'', 1893 File:Georges Achille-Fould - Courtship.jpg, ''Courtship'' (b&w photo of painting, 1905) References Georges Achille-Fou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barbu Știrbey
Prince Barbu Alexandru Știrbey (; 4 November 1872 – 24 March 1946) was 30th Prime Minister of Romania, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Romania in 1927. Early life and ancestry Born into the prestigious Știrbei, House of Știrbey, he was the son of Prince Alexandru Știrbey and his wife, Princess Maria Ghica family, Ghika-Comănești (1851–1885), and grandson of another Barbu Dimitrie Știrbei (born Bibescu, adopted Știrbei), who was Prince of Wallachia and died in 1869. The Bibescu#Princes Stirbey, Știrbey family was one of the more prominent and wealthier ''boyar'' (noble) families in Wallachia, and had been so since the 15th century. Boyar Știrbey was educated at the Sorbonne in Paris, and was famous in Romania for his work in modernising the vast estates he owned, and "his model farm was recognized for the exceptional quality of its products". Știrbey was a polished, cultivated aristocrat known in Romania as the "White Prince" on the account of his impeccable man ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Domnitor
''Prince Domnitor'', in full ''Principe Domnitor'' (Romanian pl. ''Principi Domnitori'') was the official title of the ruler of Romania between 1862 and 1881. It was usually translated as "prince regnant" in English and most other languages, and less often as "grand duke". "Domnitor" is an adjective derived from the Romanian word "''domn''" (''lord'' or ''ruler'') and, in turn, from the Latin " Dominus". The title Domn had been in use since the Middle Ages and it is also the Romanian equivalent to the Slavic Hospodar. Moldavian and Wallachian rulers had used this term for their title of authority as the head of state, while " voievod" represented the military rank as the head of the army. The title acquired an officially recognized meaning after Moldavia and Wallachia united to form the Romanian United Principalities under Alexander John I, who had become the ruler of both states since 1859. Alexander John abdicated in 1866 and was succeeded by Carol I, who promulgated the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dolj County
Dolj County (; originally meant ''Dol(no)-Jiu River, Jiu'', "lower Jiu", as opposed to ''Gorj'' (''upper Jiu'')) is a county (județ) of Romania on the border with Bulgaria, in Oltenia, with the capital city at Craiova. Demographics In 2011, the county had a population of 660,544 and a population density of . * Romanians – over 95.5% * Romani people in Romania, Roma – 4.3% * Unknown - 0.2% * Geography This county has a total area of . The entire area is a plain with the Danube on the south forming a wide valley crossed by the Jiu River in the middle. Other small rivers flow through the county, each one forming a small valley. There are some lakes across the county and many ponds and channels in the Danube valley. 6% of the county's area is a Oltenian Sahara, desert. Neighbours *Olt County to the east. *Mehedinți County to the west. *Gorj County and Vâlcea County to the north. *Bulgaria – Vidin Province to the southwest, Montana Province, Montana and Vratsa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Principalities
The United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia (), commonly called United Principalities or Wallachia and Moldavia, was the personal union of the Moldavia, Principality of Moldavia and the Wallachia, Principality of Wallachia. The union was formed on when Alexandru Ioan Cuza was elected as the ''Domnitor'' (Ruling Prince) of both principalities. Their separate autonomous vassalage in the Ottoman Empire continued with Unification of Moldavia and Wallachia, the unification of both principalities. On , Moldavia and Wallachia formally united to create the Romanian United Principalities, the core of the Romanian nation state. In February 1866, Prince Cuza was forced to abdicate and go into exile by a political coalition led by the Liberals; the German prince Carol I of Romania, Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was offered the Throne and, on he entered Bucharest for the first time. In July the same year, a 1866 Constitution of Romania, new constitution came into effect, giving th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spatharios
The ''spatharii'' or ''spatharioi'' (singular: ; , literally " spatha-bearer") were a class of Late Roman imperial bodyguards in the court in Constantinople in the 5th–6th centuries, later becoming a purely honorary dignity in the Byzantine Empire. History Originally, the term was probably applied to both private and imperial bodyguards.. The original imperial ''spatharioi'' were probably or later became also the eunuch '' cubicularii'' (Greek: ''koubikoularioi''), members of the ''sacrum cubiculum'' (the imperial "sacred chamber") charged with military duties. They are attested from the reign of Emperor Theodosius II (r. 408–450), where the eunuch Chrysaphius held the post. The existence of the specific title of ''spatharokoubikoularios'' for eunuchs in 532 probably suggests the existence by then of other, non-eunuch, ''spatharioi'' in imperial service. The various generals and provincial governors also maintained military attendants called ''spatharioi'', whilst those of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second French Empire
The Second French Empire, officially the French Empire, was the government of France from 1852 to 1870. It was established on 2 December 1852 by Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, president of France under the French Second Republic, who proclaimed himself Emperor of the French as Napoleon III. The period was one of significant achievements in infrastructure and economy, while France reasserted itself as the dominant power in Europe. Historians in the 1930s and 1940s disparaged the Second Empire as a precursor of fascism, but by the late 20th century it was re-evaluated as an example of a modernizing regime. Historians have generally given the Second Empire negative evaluations on its foreign policy, and somewhat more positive assessments of domestic policies, especially after Napoleon III liberalised his rule after 1858. He promoted French business and exports. The greatest achievements included a railway network that facilitated commerce and tied the nation together with Paris a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Begzada
Begzada (Kurdish), Beyzade ( Turkish), and Begzadići (Slavic), Beizadea (Romanian), Begzadi (female) "Bəyzadə" (Azerbaijani) are titles given within the Ottoman Empire to provisional governors and military generals who are descendants of noble households and occupy important positions within the empire. The term "Beyzade" often appears in Western accounts of the Ottoman Empire as superiors within the society, usually men who held much authority. In Eastern Europe, the Balkans, the Caucasus, and some parts of Anatolia and Iraqi Kurdistan, the title of Beyzade was given to Circassian princes who led parts of the Ottoman conquest in these regions. Social status The Begzada as a caste developed in Kurdistan among some of the chief tribes and householders such as those of the Jaffs, Khoshnaws, Feylis Berwaris and the Bayat Begzade family descendants . Begzade formed the dominant class of the tribe or household. They did not intermarry with socially inferior tribespeople; howeve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Rulers Of Wallachia
This is a list of princes of Wallachia, from the first mention of a medieval polity situated between the Southern Carpathians and the Danube until the union with Moldavia in 1859, which unification of Moldavia and Wallachia, led to the creation of Romania. Notes Dynastic rule is hard to ascribe, given the loose traditional definition of the ruling family. On principle, princes were chosen from any family branch, including a previous ruler's bastard sons, being defined as ''os de domn'', "of Voivode marrow", or as having ''heregie'', "heredity" (from the Latin ''hereditas''); the institutions charged with the Elective monarchy, election, dominated by the boyars, had fluctuating degrees of influence. The system itself was challenged by usurpers, and became obsolete with the Phanariotes, Phanariote epoch, when rulers were appointed by the Ottoman Empire, Ottoman Sultans; between 1821 and 1878 (the date of Romania's independence), various systems combining election and appointment were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern and Southeast Europe. It borders Ukraine to the north and east, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, Bulgaria to the south, Moldova to the east, and the Black Sea to the southeast. It has a mainly continental climate, and an area of with a population of 19 million people. Romania is the List of European countries by area, twelfth-largest country in Europe and the List of European Union member states by population, sixth-most populous member state of the European Union. Europe's second-longest river, the Danube, empties into the Danube Delta in the southeast of the country. The Carpathian Mountains cross Romania from the north to the southwest and include Moldoveanu Peak, at an altitude of . Bucharest is the country's Bucharest metropolitan area, largest urban area and Economy of Romania, financial centre. Other major urban centers, urban areas include Cluj-Napoca, Timiș ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Francization
Francization (in American English, Canadian English, and Oxford English) or Francisation (in other British English), also known as Frenchification, is the expansion of French language use—either through willful adoption or coercion—by more and more social groups who had not before used the language as a common means of expression in daily life. As a linguistic concept, known usually as gallicization, it is the practice of modifying foreign words, names, and phrases to make them easier to spell, pronounce, or understand in French. According to the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF), the figure of 220 million Francophones (French-language speakers) is underestimated because it only counts people who can write, understand and speak French fluently, thus excluding a majority of African French-speaking people, who do not know how to write. In 2014, a study from the French bank Natixis claimed French will become the world's most-spoken language by 2050. However, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Transitional Alphabet
The Romanian transitional alphabet (), also known as the civil alphabet (), was a series of alphabets containing a mix of Cyrillic and Latin script, Latin characters used for the Romanian language in the 19th century. It replaced the Romanian Cyrillic alphabet and was in turn replaced by the Romanian alphabet, Romanian Latin alphabet. The transition process began in 1828 thanks to the grammars of Ion Heliade Rădulescu, although the Romanian Orthodox Church continued to use the Romanian Cyrillic for religious purposes until 1881, after the declaration of independence of Romania. The decided to replace the Cyrillic alphabet in that year under secular pressure. The Romanian transitional alphabet began to gain more popularity after 1840, when Latin letters were first introduced between Cyrillic ones and then replacing some of the Cyrillic letters with Latin letters so that the readers of Romanian from Moldavia, Transylvania and Wallachia could become accustomed to them. The final ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
