|
Gawęda Szlachecka
Gawęda szlachecka (variously translated as szlachta storytelling, noble storytelling, noble tale,''The Routledge World Companion to Polish Literature'', 2021p. 237/ref> etc.) is a Polish literary form in which works are presented as a story told by a Polish nobleman stylized as a Polish oral tradition of storytelling known as '' gawęda'', i.e., a tale of no particular plot, a series of loosely connected episodes narrated in colloquial language with many embellishments. It is associated with the tradition of Sarmatism. The ''Dictionary of Polish Language'' by PWN defines ''gawęda szlachecka'' as "a story in verse or prose demonstrating an image of Sarmatian traditions". Developed in the first half of the 19th century, Henryk Rzewuski being the most influential figure in this respect, with his ' (The Memoirs of Soplica). Due to the association with Sarmatism the style was also known as "pogadanka kontuszowa" ("kontusz tale"), with kontush being a distinctive Sarmatian-style garme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Szlachta
The ''szlachta'' (; ; ) were the nobility, noble estate of the realm in the Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Depending on the definition, they were either a warrior "caste" or a social class, and they dominated those states by exercising szlachta's privileges, political rights and power. Szlachta as a class differed significantly from the Feudalism, feudal nobility of Western Europe. The estate was officially abolished in 1921 by the March Constitution (Poland), March Constitution."Szlachta. Szlachta w Polsce" ''Encyklopedia PWN'' The origins of the ''szlachta'' are obscure and the subject of several theories. The ''szlachta'' secured Golden Liberty, substantial and increasing political power and rights throughout its history, begin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silva Rerum
Silva rerum (plural: ''silvae rerum'', Latin for "forest of things"; also Polonized as sylwa, sometimes described as home chronicle) was a multi-generational chronicle kept by many Polish and Lithuanian noble families from the 16th through 18th centuries.J. Niedźwiedź, ''Sylwa, silva rerum'' in ''Słownik sarmatyzmu'' pod red. A. Borowskiego, Wydawnictwo Literackie, Kraków 2001 Some authors of modern Polish postmodern literature try to create works similar to the silvae rerum of the past.Przemysław CzaplińskiKlucze do sylwy, Przegląd Polski on-line, 07-12-01 __NOTOC__ In historical Poland it was written by members of the szlachta (Polish nobility) as a diary or memoir for the entire family, recording family traditions, among other matters; they were not intended for a wider audience or printing (although there were a few exceptions); some were also lent to friends of the family, who were allowed to add their comments to them. It was added to by many generations, and containe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Language
German (, ) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western Europe, Western and Central Europe. It is the majority and Official language, official (or co-official) language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein. It is also an official language of Luxembourg, German-speaking Community of Belgium, Belgium and the Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol, as well as a recognized national language in Namibia. There are also notable German-speaking communities in other parts of Europe, including: Poland (Upper Silesia), the Czech Republic (North Bohemia), Denmark (South Jutland County, North Schleswig), Slovakia (Krahule), Germans of Romania, Romania, Hungary (Sopron), and France (European Collectivity of Alsace, Alsace). Overseas, sizeable communities of German-speakers are found in the Americas. German is one of the global language system, major languages of the world, with nearly 80 million native speakers and over 130 mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Czech Language
Czech ( ; ), historically known as Bohemian ( ; ), is a West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group, written in Latin script. Spoken by over 12 million people including second language speakers, it serves as the official language of the Czech Republic. Czech is closely related to Slovak, to the point of high mutual intelligibility, as well as to Polish to a lesser degree. Czech is a fusional language with a rich system of morphology and relatively flexible word order. Its vocabulary has been extensively influenced by Latin and German. The Czech–Slovak group developed within West Slavic in the high medieval period, and the standardization of Czech and Slovak within the Czech–Slovak dialect continuum emerged in the early modern period. In the later 18th to mid-19th century, the modern written standard became codified in the context of the Czech National Revival. The most widely spoken non-standard variety, known as Common Czech, is based on the vernacular of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adam Gorczyński
Adam Gorczyński (1805 – 24 May 1876) was a Polish writer and poet of the Romanticism, Romantic era, author of popular novels in the style of ''gawęda szlachecka'' and Old Polish ''Silva rerum, silvae rerum'', a painter of the Polish Romantic era, an artist of Polish Landscape painting, landscapes, co-founder of the Kraków Society of Friends of Fine Arts, politically engaged in Polish affairs in Galicia (Eastern Europe), Galicia, a social activist, and owner of estates in Brzeźnica, Wadowice County, Brzeźnica and Marcyporęba. He used the literary pseudonym "Jadam of Zator, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, Zator". In the 21st century, he became the patron of cultural initiatives in his hometown of Brzeźnica. Early life He was born in 1805 in Tarnów as the son of the Ennoblement, ennobled lawyer Józef Kalasanty Gorczyński (of his own coat of arms) and Katarzyna Łojowska. In 1818, Józef Kalasanty purchased Brzeźnica, Wadowice County, Brzeźnica, Nowe Dwory, Lesser Poland ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trans-Atlantyk
'' Trans-Atlantyk '' is a novel by the Polish author Witold Gombrowicz, originally published in 1953. The semi-autobiographical plot of the novel closely tracks Gombrowicz's own experience in the years during and just after the outbreak of World War II. Plot Witold, a Polish writer, embarks on an ocean voyage only to have the war break out while he is visiting Argentina. Finding himself penniless and stranded after the Nazis take over his country, he is taken in by the local Polish emigre community. A fantastical series of twists and turns follow in which the young man finds himself, after a debauched night of drinking, involved as a second in a duel. Witold is constantly confronted with the exasperating contrasts between his love of country and his status as a forced expatriate and the shallow nationalism of his fellow Poles. Reception George Hydge reviewed the book for ''The Times Literary Supplement ''The Times Literary Supplement'' (''TLS'') is a weekly literary rev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Witold Gombrowicz
Witold Marian Gombrowicz (August 4, 1904 – July 24, 1969) was a Polish writer and playwright. His works are characterised by deep psychological analysis, a certain sense of paradox and absurd, anti-nationalism, anti-nationalist flavor. In 1937, he published his first novel, ''Ferdydurke'', which presented many of his usual themes: problems of immaturity and youth, creation of Identity (philosophy), identity in interactions with others, and an ironic, critical examination of class roles in Polish society and Polish culture, culture. He gained fame only during the last years of his life, but is now considered one of the foremost figures of Polish literature. His diaries were published in 1969 and are, according to the ''Paris Review'', "widely considered his masterpiece", while ''Cosmos (Gombrowicz novel), Cosmos'' is considered, according to ''The New Yorker'', "his most accomplished novel". He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature four times, from 1966 to 1969. Biogra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zygmunt Kaczkowski
Zygmunt Kaczkowski (1825–1896) was a Polish writer, independence activist, and an Austrian spy. He was convicted in 1864 of espionage by an underground court in the January Uprising. There is a consensus that this accomplished writer is today a forgotten figure of Polish literature, virtually erased from national consciousness (one of the "absent greats"''wielcy nieobecni''). Biography Zygmunt, Józef, Erazm of three names Kaczkowski was born in (now in Ukraine) to Ignacy Kaczkowski and Franciszka née Niklewicz."Zygmunt Kaczkowski i jego czasy : na podstawie źródeł i materyałów rękopiśmiennych" 1918 He has been described as one of the "absent greats" of Polish literature, an able writer across several genres, including the ''gawęda szlachecka''. One of the most important works of Kaczkowski was ''Olbrachtowi rycerze'' ("Olbracht's Knights"; Paris, 1889), a historical novel in three volumes written, it is said, in response to the famous ''Trilogy'' of Henryk ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adam Mickiewicz
Adam Bernard Mickiewicz (24 December 179826 November 1855) was a Polish poet, dramatist, essayist, publicist, translator and political activist. He is regarded as national poet in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. He also largely influenced Ukrainian literature. A principal figure in Polish Romanticism, he is one of Poland's " Three Bards" () and is widely regarded as Poland's greatest poet. He is also considered one of the greatest Slavic and European poets and has been dubbed a "Slavic bard". A leading Romantic dramatist, he has been compared in Poland and Europe to Byron and Goethe. He is known chiefly for the poetic drama '' Dziady'' (''Forefathers' Eve'') and the national epic poem '' Pan Tadeusz''. His other influential works include '' Konrad Wallenrod'' and '' Grażyna''. All these served as inspiration for uprisings against the three imperial powers that had partitioned the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth out of existence. Mickiewicz was born in the Russian-parti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Culture
Culture ( ) is a concept that encompasses the social behavior, institutions, and Social norm, norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, Social norm, customs, capabilities, Attitude (psychology), attitudes, and habits of the individuals in these groups.Tylor, Edward. (1871). ''Primitive Culture''. Vol 1. New York: J. P. Putnam's Son Culture often originates from or is attributed to a specific region or location. Humans acquire culture through the learning processes of enculturation and socialization, which is shown by the diversity of cultures across societies. A cultural norm codifies acceptable conduct in society; it serves as a guideline for behavior, dress, language, and demeanor in a situation, which serves as a template for expectations in a social group. Accepting only a monoculturalism, monoculture in a social group can bear risks, just as a single species can wither in the face of environmental change, for lack of functional respo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Chryzostom Pasek
Jan Chryzostom Pasek of Gosławice (c.1636–1701) was a Polish nobleman and writer during the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. He is best remembered for his memoirs ('' Pamiętniki''), which are a valuable historical source about Baroque sarmatian culture and events in the Commonwealth. Jan Chryzostom Pasek (Polish diarist). '' Britannica Online''. Retrieved September 21, 2011. Biography Pasek was born in Węgrzynowice (now in |
