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Galgaï-Yurt
Galgai-Yurt () was a village (''khutor'') that was located in modern day Valerik, Achkhoy-Martanovsky District, Valerik in the Chechen Republic, Russia. Etymology Galgai-Yurt combines the words Ghalghaï, the endonym, self-name of the Ingush people, and ''yurt'', which means "village" in Vainakh languages. History During his expedition in the Caucasus Mountains in the 1830s, lieutenant-general :ru:Бларамберг, Иван Фёдорович, Johann Blaramberg mentions Galgai-Yurt as ''Galga'' situated on the river Valerik (river), Valerik. On 7 November of 1833, Major General of the Russian Imperial Army, :ru:Энгельгардт, Адам Григорьевич, Engelgardt A. G. led a punitive expedition to the ''un-ruly'' village Galgai-Yurt which ended successfully for the Russian Empire. The village was wiped out in 1833, after another punitive expedition of Russian Empire, led by baron Rozen. In 1847, head of the Achkhoevsky Garrison and lieutenant colonel Pre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ghalghaï
Ghalghai (, , sg. ГIалгIа, ) is the self-name (endonym) of the Ingush people. There's no consensus among scholars on the etymology of the ethnonym as there exists different theories and speculations on its etymology. However, it is most often associated with the word "ghalā" (''гIала''), meaning "tower" or "fortress" and the plural form of the suffix of person, "gha" (''гIа''), thus, translated as "people/inhabitants of towers". It is also associated by some scholars with the ancient Gargareans and Gelae (Scythian tribe), Gelae mentioned in the Classical antiquity, classical sources. In Georgians, Georgian sources, the ethnonym is mentioned in the form of Gligvi as an ethnonym during the reign of Mirian I of Iberia, Mirian I, as well as the ruler of Kakheti Kvirike III of Kakheti, Kvirike III. In Russian sources, "Ghalghai" first becomes known in the second half of the 16th century, in the form of "Kalkans/Kolkans", "Kalkan people". Morphology The Chechens, Cheche ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chechnya
Chechnya, officially the Chechen Republic, is a Republics of Russia, republic of Russia. It is situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe, between the Caspian Sea and Black Sea. The republic forms a part of the North Caucasian Federal District, and shares land borders with Georgia (country), Georgia to its south; with the Russian republics of Dagestan, Ingushetia, and North Ossetia–Alania to its east, north, and west; and with Stavropol Krai to its northwest. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Chechnya and Ingushetia in the Soviet Union, Checheno-Ingush ASSR split into two parts: the Republic of Ingushetia and the Chechen Republic. The latter proclaimed the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, which declared independence, while the former sided with Russia. Following the First Chechen War of 1994–1996 with Russia, Chechnya gained ''de facto'' independence as the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, although ''de jure'' it remained a part of Russia. Russian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Valerik (river)
Valerik (, ) is a little river in Chechnya, a tributary of the Sunzha. The river's lower stream becomes dry in summer. It is long, and has a drainage basin of . Etymology The name of the river means "river of the dead" in Chechen. Possibly this river was a border between the Vainakhs and the Iranian peoples who lived in the steppe, and a place of bloody battles. A neighbouring river is named Mardan, which means 'river of the dead' in Ossetic languages. Battles In 1840 two battles were fought at the banks of the river between Caucasian Imamate murids and the Russian Imperial Army advancing towards inner Chechnya. The Russians under Apollon Galafeyev ( first battle) and Pavel Grabbe (second battle) defeated the army of Imam Shamil on 11 July and 30 October respectively. After this battle Shamil withdrew from Chechnya and retreated to Caucasian Avaria. The first battle of the Valerik River is described in Mikhail Lermontov's poem "Valerik". Lermontov was a participant in both ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Ingushetia
Ingushetia or Ingushetiya, officially the Republic of Ingushetia, is a Republics of Russia, republic of Russia located in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe. The republic is part of the North Caucasian Federal District, and shares land borders with the country of Georgia (country), Georgia to its south; and borders the Russian republics of North Ossetia–Alania to its west and north and Chechnya to its east and northeast. Its capital city, capital is the types of inhabited localities in Russia, town of Magas, Ingushetia, Magas, while the largest city is Nazran. At 3,600 square km in terms of area, the republic is the smallest of Russia's non-city federal subjects. It was established on 4 June 1992, after the Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was split in two.Law of 4 June 1992Official website of the Republic of IngushetiaSocial-Economic Characteristics The republic is home to the indigenous Ingush people, Ingush, a people of Vainakhs, Nakh ancest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adolf Berge
Adolf Pyetrovich Berzhe (also spelled Bergé; rus, Адо́льф Петро́вич Берже́, p=ɐdəlʲf pʲɪtrəvʲɪd͡ʑ bʲɪrˈʐɛ; – ) was an Imperial Russian bureaucrat and an Orientalist historian, with principal interests in the history and culture of the South Caucasus. He was also an archeographer and archaeologist, and served as the chairman of the Caucasian branch of the Archaeographic Commission from 1864 to 1886. A Saint Petersburg native, Berzhe's father was from France and his mother was from Germany.Jersild, Austin (2002), ''Orientalism and Empire: North Caucasus Mountain Peoples and the Georgian Frontier, 1845-1917''p. 67 McGill-Queen's University Press, Trained in Oriental studies at Saint Petersburg University, Berzhe's was dispatched to the chancellery of the Viceroy of the Caucasus Prince Mikhail Vorontsov in 1851. He made two scholarly trips to Persia in 1853 and 1855. From 1864 to his death Berzhe's chaired the Tiflis-based Caucasian A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caucasology
Caucasology, or Caucasiology is the historical and geopolitical studies of the Caucasus region. The branch has more than 150 years history. In 1972, the Caucasiological Center (renamed to International Caucasiological Center in 2000) was founded under the auspices of the Israel President Zalman Shazar. See also * Armenian studies * Kartvelian studies * Russian studies * Turkish studies * Cultural studies * Area studies Area studies, also known as regional studies, is an interdisciplinary field of research and scholarship pertaining to particular geographical, national/ federal, or cultural regions. The term exists primarily as a general description for what a ... References External linksTsu Institute of Caucasiology [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gregorian Calendar
The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most parts of the world. It went into effect in October 1582 following the papal bull issued by Pope Gregory XIII, which introduced it as a modification of, and replacement for, the Julian calendar. The principal change was to space leap years slightly differently to make the average calendar year 365.2425 days long rather than the Julian calendar's 365.25 days, thus more closely approximating the 365.2422-day tropical year, "tropical" or "solar" year that is determined by the Earth's revolution around the Sun. The rule for leap years is that every year divisible by four is a leap year, except for years that are divisible by 100, except in turn for years also divisible by 400. For example 1800 and 1900 were not leap years, but 2000 was. There were two reasons to establish the Gregorian calendar. First, the Julian calendar was based on the estimate that the average solar year is exactly 365.25 days long, an overestimate of a li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caucasian Imamate
The Caucasian Imamate, also known as the North Caucasus Imamate (), was a state founded by Muslim imams in the early-to-mid 19th century across Dagestan and Chechnya. It emerged during the Caucasian War (1817–1864) as a resistance movement against the Russian Empire's expansion into the region. The Imamate sought to unify the diverse peoples of the North Caucasus under a centralized Islamic governance structure, implementing sharia law to consolidate political and military opposition to Russian rule. Russia, aiming to secure its southern frontiers and stabilize communication routes to its newly acquired territories in the South Caucasus (modern-day Georgia (country), Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan), sought to annex the North Caucasus. The Imamate became the primary force opposing this conquest, enduring decades of conflict before its eventual dissolution following the capture of its final leader, Imam Shamil, in 1859. Background The Northeast Caucasus historically compri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Russian Imperial Army
The Imperial Russian Army () was the army of the Russian Empire, active from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was organized into a standing army and a state militia. The standing army consisted of Regular army, regular troops and two forces that served on separate regulations: the Cossacks, Cossack troops and the Islam in Russia, Muslim troops. A regular Russian army existed after the end of the Great Northern War in 1721.День Сухопутных войск России. Досье [''Day of the Ground Forces of Russia. Dossier''] (in Russian). TASS. 31 August 2015. During his reign, Peter the Great accelerated the modernization of Russia's armed forces, including with a decree in 1699 that created the basis for recruiting soldiers, military regulations for the organization of the a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
