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GM Quad-4 Engine
The Quad 4 is a family of straight-four engines produced by General Motors' Oldsmobile division. Several double overhead camshaft (DOHC) versions were produced between 1987 and 2002, and one single overhead camshaft (SOHC) model was built from 1992 to 1994. History The Quad 4 is the first domestic regular production DOHC four-cylinder engine wholly designed and built by GM, the only similar prior example being the Chevrolet Cosworth Vega, whose DOHC head was designed by Cosworth in England. In addition to the 2.3-liter DOHC Quad 4s, there was also a short-lived 2.3-liter SOHC variant called the "Quad OHC", available from 1992 to 1994, and the 2.4-liter Twin Cam, available from 1996 to 2002. The Quad 4 was originally expected to debut in 1987, but was delayed for one year. From as early as 1988, Oldsmobile announced that a high-output "HO" Quad 4 with was forthcoming. All Quad 4 family engines were produced at the Lansing Engine Plant (plant five) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oldsmobile
Oldsmobile (formally the Oldsmobile Division of General Motors) was a brand of American automobiles, produced for most of its existence by General Motors. Originally established as "Olds Motor Vehicle Company" by Ransom E. Olds in 1897, it produced over 35 million vehicles, including at least 14 million built at its Lansing, Michigan, factory alone. During its time as a division of General Motors, Oldsmobile slotted into the middle of GM's five passenger car divisions (above Chevrolet and Pontiac (automobile), Pontiac, but below Buick and Cadillac). It was also noted for several groundbreaking technologies and designs. Oldsmobile's sales peaked at over one million annually from 1983 to 1986, but by the 1990s the division faced growing competition from premium import brands, and sales steadily declined. When it shut down in 2004, Oldsmobile was the oldest surviving American automobile brand, and one of the oldest in the world. History Early history Oldsmobiles were first manufac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lansing Engine Plant
Lansing Engine Plant was a General Motors automotive engine An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert one or more forms of energy into mechanical energy. Available energy sources include potential energy (e.g. energy of the Earth's gravitational field as exploited in hydroelectric power ge ... plant located in Delta Township, Michigan. Constructed in 1981, it was originally constructed to create diesel counterparts of GM's gasoline engines, though, by the next year, GM had abandoned the project. By 1987, the plant was producing the Quad-4 engine, and in 2002 the EcoTec engine, but was closed that same year. GM sold the plant to Ashley Capital in 2005 who then leased it out to auto parts supplier Ryder Logistics. Products * GM Diesel Engine: 1981-1982 * Quad-4 Engine: 1987-2002 * EcoTec Engine: 2002 References {{coord, 42, 42, 14.4, N, 84, 39, 30.7, W, region:US-MI_type:landmark, display=title General Motors factories Economy of Lansing, Michigan Moto ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bore (engine)
In a piston engine, the bore (or cylinder bore) is the diameter of each cylinder. Engine displacement is calculated based on bore, stroke length and the number of cylinders: displacement = The stroke ratio, determined by dividing the bore by the stroke, traditionally indicated whether an engine was designed for power at high engine speeds ( rpm) or torque at lower engine speeds. The term "bore" can also be applied to the bore of a locomotive cylinder or steam engine pistons. In steam locomotives The term bore also applies to the cylinder of a steam locomotive or steam engine. Bore pitch Bore pitch is the distance between the centerline of a cylinder bore to the centerline of the next cylinder bore adjacent to it in an internal combustion engine. It's also referred to as the "mean cylinder width", "bore spacing", "bore center distance" and "cylinder spacing". The bore pitch is always larger than the inside diameter of the cylinder (the bore and piston diameter) sinc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noise, Vibration, And Harshness
Noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH), also known as noise and vibration (N&V), is the study and modification of the noise and vibration characteristics of vehicles, particularly cars and trucks. While noise and vibration can be readily measured, wikt:harshness, harshness is a subjective quality, and is measured either via jury evaluations, or with analytical tools that can provide results reflecting human subjective impressions. The latter tools belong to the field psychoacoustics. Interior NVH deals with noise and vibration experienced by the occupants of the cabin (truck), cabin, while exterior NVH is largely concerned with the noise radiated by the vehicle, and includes drive-by noise testing. NVH is mostly engineering, but often objective measurements fail to predict or correlate well with the subjective impression on human observers. For example, although the ear's response at moderate noise levels is approximated by A-weighting, two different noises with the same A-weighted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balance Shafts
Balance shafts are used in piston engines to reduce vibration by cancelling out unbalanced dynamic forces. The counter balance shafts have eccentric weights and rotate in the opposite direction to each other, which generates a net vertical force. The balance shaft was invented and patented by British engineer Frederick W. Lanchester in 1907. It is most commonly used in inline-four and V6 engines used in automobiles and motorcycles. Overview The operating principle of a balance shaft system is that two shafts carrying identical eccentric weights rotate in opposite directions at twice the engine speed. The phasing of the shafts is such that the centrifugal forces produced by the weights cancel the vertical second-order forces (at twice the engine RPM) produced by the engine. The horizontal forces produced by the balance shafts are equal and opposite, and so cancel each other. The balance shafts do not reduce the vibrations experienced by the crankshaft. Applications Two-c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cylinder Head Porting
Cylinder head porting refers to the process of modifying the intake and exhaust ports of an internal combustion engine to improve their air flow. Cylinder heads, as manufactured, are usually suboptimal for racing applications due to being designed for maximum durability. Ports can be modified for maximum power, minimum fuel consumption, or a combination of the two, and the power delivery characteristics can be changed to suit a particular application. Port modifications When a modification is decided upon through testing with an air flow bench, the original port wall material can be reshaped by hand with die grinders or by numerically controlled milling machines. For major modifications the ports must be welded up or similarly built up to add material where none existed. The Ford two-liter F2000 engine in stock trim equipped with the head shown above was capable of delivering 115 horsepower at 5500 rpm for a BMEP of 136 psi. This aftermarket Pro Stock racing head ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chevrolet
Chevrolet ( ) is an American automobile division of the manufacturer General Motors (GM). In North America, Chevrolet produces and sells a wide range of vehicles, from subcompact automobiles to medium-duty commercial trucks. Due to the prominence and name recognition of Chevrolet as one of General Motors' global marques, "Chevrolet" or its affectionate nickname 'Chevy' or is used at times as a synonym for General Motors or its products, one example being the GM LS1 engine, commonly known by the name or a variant thereof of its progenitor, the Chevrolet small-block engine. Louis Chevrolet (1878–1941), Arthur Chevrolet (1884–1946) and ousted General Motors founder William C. Durant (1861–1947) started the company on November 3, 1911 as the Chevrolet Motor Car Company. Durant used the Chevrolet Motor Car Company to acquire a controlling stake in General Motors with a reverse merger occurring on May 2, 1918, and propelled himself back to the GM presidency. After Durant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buick
Buick () is a division (business), division of the Automotive industry in the United States, American automobile manufacturer General Motors (GM). Started by automotive pioneer David Dunbar Buick in 1899, it was among the first American automobile brands and was the company that established General Motors in 1908. Before the establishment of General Motors, GM founder William C. Durant had served as Buick's general manager and major investor. With the demise of Oldsmobile in 2004, Buick became the oldest surviving American carmaker. Buick is positioned as a premium automobile brand, selling vehicles positioned below the flagship luxury Cadillac division. History Early years Buick is one of the oldest automobile brands in the world and is currently the oldest in the United States still active today. Autocar Company, Autocar, founded in 1897, is the oldest motor vehicle manufacturer in the western hemisphere; while originally an automobile maker, Autocar now builds heavy trucks. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pontiac Grand Am
The Pontiac Grand Am is a car model that Pontiac (automobile), Pontiac Division of General Motors produced in various years between 1973 and 2005. The first and second generations were Rear-wheel drive, RWD mid-size cars built on the Pontiac Lemans, LeMans GM A platform (RWD), GM A platform. The Grand Am name was reused for a Front-wheel drive, FWD compact car for the third- and fourth-generations. The fifth-generation versions was enlarged to a mid-size car. The platform began development intended to be the next generation Pontiac GTO, GTO, but the muscle car era was drawing to a close. Pontiac decided to make this model America's answer to European sports sedan, luxury sports sedans. The Grand Am name was derived from two other Pontiacs; "Grand" signifying Pontiac Grand Prix, Grand Prix luxury, and "Am" for Pontiac Trans Am, Trans Am performance. The first generation Grand Am featured innovations that included a deformable Polyurethane, urethane nose (an evolution of the "Endura ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oldsmobile Cutlass Calais
The Oldsmobile Calais is a compact car that was manufactured and marketed by Oldsmobile from 1985 through 1991, superseding the Oldsmobile Omega and named after the city of Calais, France. Renamed the Cutlass Calais for 1988, the Calais shared the GM N platform with the Pontiac Grand Am and the Buick Skylark/ Buick Somerset—and was superseded by the Oldsmobile Achieva in 1992. Previously, the Cutlass Calais nameplate was used on top-line versions of the Cutlass Supreme coupé (differing from the Supreme only in minor trim details) from 1978 to 1984. There was also a Cadillac Calais model, sold from 1965 to 1976. Models The Calais was initially offered in an unnamed base and Supreme models. For 1986, four-door models were added across the lineup, and GT and the ES models were introduced. Distinguishing features of these two sportier models included composite headlamps (replacing quad sealed beam units), FE3 sport tuned suspension and various body cladding. In 1987, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cadillac
Cadillac Motor Car Division, or simply Cadillac (), is the luxury vehicle division (business), division of the American automobile manufacturer General Motors (GM). Its major markets are the United States, Canada and China; Cadillac models are distributed in 34 additional markets worldwide. Historically, Cadillac automobiles were at the top of the luxury field within the United States, but have been outsold by European luxury brands including BMW and Mercedes-Benz, Mercedes since the 2000s. In 2019, Cadillac sold 390,458 vehicles worldwide, a record for the brand. Cadillac, founded in 1902, is among the first automotive brands in the world, fourth in the United States only to Autocar Company (1897) and fellow GM marques Oldsmobile (1897) and Buick (1899). It was named after Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac (1658–1730), who founded Detroit, Michigan. The Cadillac crest is based on his coat of arms. By the time General Motors purchased the company in 1909, Cadillac had already est ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Northstar Engine Series
The Northstar engine is a family of high-performance 90° V engines produced by General Motors Corporation, General Motors between 1993 and 2011. Regarded as GM's most technically complex engine, the original double overhead cam, four valve per cylinder, aluminum block/aluminum head V8 engine, V8 design was developed by Oldsmobile R&D, but is most associated with Cadillac (automobile), Cadillac's #Northstar series, Northstar series. Displacing in its basic form, the direct family line transitioned to longitudinal engine, longitudinal and supercharged versions. Variants were used at Oldsmobile (as the #L47, Aurora L47 V8 and #LX5 (Shortstar), "Shortstar" LX5 V6), as well as in several top-end 2000s Pontiac (automobile), Pontiacs and Buicks. The related Northstar System was Cadillac's trademarked name for a package of performance features introduced in mid-1992 that coupled the 4T80E transmission, a 100,000 mile service interval, road sensing suspension, variable power steering ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
