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Fundición Altonorte
Fundición Altonorte or Complejo Metalúrgico Altonorte is a copper smelter plant in La Negra, 25 km southeast of the city of Antofagasta in northern Chile. Owned by Glencore, it is classified as a "custom smelter" as it does not depend on ore concentrate from a particular mine nor does it lie next to one. In 2015 it had a capacity to produce 350,000 metric tons of copper yearly making it the third largest of Chile's seven copper smelters. This capacity made Fundición Altonorte one of the world's 20 largest copper smelters. Besides copper Fundición Altonorte also produces sulphuric acid. By 2023 it operated with 750 employees and 323 employees from contractors. Its CEO is Juan Carrasco Palma. The smelter was established in 1993 and was by then known as Refimet. In 1998 its property was fully acquired by Noranda and it changed name to Fundición Altonorte, and in 2006 Glencore gained total ownership of it. Reportedly, the initial investment in the smelter came as result of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Subsidiary
A subsidiary, subsidiary company, or daughter company is a company (law), company completely or partially owned or controlled by another company, called the parent company or holding company, which has legal and financial control over the subsidiary company. Unlike regional branches or divisions, subsidiaries are considered to be distinct entities from their parent companies; they are required to follow the laws of where they are incorporated, and they maintain their own executive leadership. Two or more subsidiaries primarily controlled by same entity/group are considered to be sister companies of each other. Subsidiaries are a common feature of modern business, and most multinational corporations organize their operations via the creation and purchase of subsidiary companies. Examples of holding companies are Berkshire Hathaway, Jefferies Financial Group, The Walt Disney Company, Warner Bros. Discovery, and Citigroup, which have subsidiaries involved in many different Industry (e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Noranda Mines
Noranda Mines, Limited, and from 1984 onwards Noranda Inc., was a mining and metallurgy company originally from Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec, Canada. It was listed on the TSX under the symbol NRD.LV. After eventually acquiring a large interest in rival mining company Falconbridge, it merged with that company in 2005. The combined company continued under the name Falconbridge Limited, ending the Noranda name. Only one year later in 2006 Falconbridge was acquired by the Swiss-based mining company Xstrata. On 2 May 2013 ownership of Xstrata was fully acquired by mining behemoth Glencore. History and operations Noranda was incorporated in 1922 as Noranda Mines under the leadership of James Y. Murdoch to exploit the Horne deposit, discovered by Edmond Henry Horne on mineral claims he staked in 1920 near Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec. Extraction of copper began on 17 December 1927. Although extraction was originally predicted to last for only three years, additional reserves (the gigantic "Giant H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chimneys In Chile
A chimney is an architectural ventilation structure made of masonry, clay or metal that isolates hot toxic exhaust gases or smoke produced by a boiler, stove, furnace, incinerator, or fireplace from human living areas. Chimneys are typically vertical, or as near as possible to vertical, to ensure that the gases flow smoothly, drawing air into the combustion in what is known as the stack, or chimney effect. The space inside a chimney is called the ''flue''. Chimneys are adjacent to large industrial refineries, fossil fuel combustion facilities or part of buildings, steam locomotives and ships. In the United States, the term ''smokestack industry'' refers to the environmental impacts of burning fossil fuels by industrial society, including the electric industry during its earliest history. The term ''smokestack'' (colloquially, ''stack'') is also used when referring to locomotive chimneys or ship chimneys, and the term ''funnel'' can also be used. The height of a chimney in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buildings And Structures In Antofagasta Region
A building or edifice is an enclosed structure with a roof, walls and windows, usually standing permanently in one place, such as a house or factory. Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and functions, and have been adapted throughout history for numerous factors, from building materials available, to weather conditions, land prices, ground conditions, specific uses, prestige, and aesthetic reasons. To better understand the concept, see ''Nonbuilding structure'' for contrast. Buildings serve several societal needs – occupancy, primarily as shelter from weather, security, living space, privacy, to store belongings, and to comfortably live and work. A building as a shelter represents a physical separation of the human habitat (a place of comfort and safety) from the ''outside'' (a place that may be harsh and harmful at times). buildings have been objects or canvasses of much artistic expression. In recent years, interest in sustainable planning and building pract ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guixi Smelter
The Guixi Smelter is a copper smelter in Jiangxi province in inland southeastern China owned by Jiangxi Copper. It is the world's largest copper smelter, and China is as of 2024 the world's largest refined copper producer and consumer. In 2015 it had an annual production capacity of 900,000 tons of copper. The copper smelter is a significant souce of pollution in the area with a dissemination of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead and zinc. By 2025 it was estimated to have a sulphur collection efficiency of about 97%. See also * List of copper smelters in Chile – Chile is the world's Copper mining in Chile, largest copper mining country References {{reflist Copper smelters Metallurgical industry of China ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copper Mining In Chile
Chile is the world's largest producer of copper and has been so uninterruptedly since 1983. This activity provides a substantial part of the Chilean state's revenue: slightly less than 6% in 2020, with state-owned copper company Codelco alone generating 2.6% of state revenue. Mining of copper in Chile is done chiefly on giant low-grade porphyry copper deposits which are primarily mined by the following companies; Codelco, BHP, Antofagasta Minerals, Anglo American plc, Anglo American and Glencore. Together these companies stood for 83.6% of the copper output in Chile in 2019 and many copper mining companies are joint ventures involving one at least one of these. Medium-scale mining in Chile, which focuses mainly on copper, produced about 4.5% of the copper mined in the country from 2017 to 2021. Copper is also the main product of small-scale mining in Chile, with about 95% of small-scale miners working in copper mining. One estimate puts the number of active copper mines in Chile ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alumysa
Alumysa was a proposed Aluminium smelting, aluminium smelter to be built in Puerto Chacabuco in Aysén Fjord, Chile. The project began to be planned in the early 1990s, it presented its environmental impact assessment in 2001 and was suspended in August 2003. The project was opposed by salmon farm companies operating in the area for the water pollution they claimed the Alumysa would produce. The project was being developed by the Canadian mining company Noranda (mining company), Noranda. Alumysa was planned to import aluminium oxides to produce 440,000 tons of aluminium annually. Noranda has cited a lack of stable rules as the reason for the withdrawal of the project. Other proposed reasons for the suspension of the project include that production cost turned out to be higher than originally thought given a rise in the cost of energy and the fact the international aluminium market was by the mid-2000s more competitive with countries in Middle East and Russia having constructed alumini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexander Sutulov
Alexander Sutulov Popov (1925, Yugoslavia/Croatia – 1991) was a Yugoslavia-born Russian and Chilean chemical engineer specialized in electrometallurgy and extractive metallurgy and active in El Teniente copper mine and various research institutions. In the University of Concepción he contributed to the establishment of the Metallurgy, metallurgical engineering degree in 1961. He fought in the Red Army in the Second World War and graduated from the University of Belgrade in 1950. He was forced to leave Yugoslavia when a decree was issued expelling all non-Communist Russian citizens from the country. In 1955 he arrived on a contract by Braden Copper Company to the Andes, Andean mining town of Sewell, Chile, Sewell in Chile. There he worked as chief of metallurgical research of El Teniente. In 1961 he was invited to work in the University of Concepción by its rector David Stitchkin. From 1970 to 1973 he worked in the University of Utah and from 1974 onward, and back in Chile, in Code ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decreto Ley 600
Decreto Ley 600 is a Chilean law issued by the Government Junta of Chile in July 1974 to establish a new regulatory framework for direct foreign investment aiming to attract investment to Chile. It is considered an important milestone in the transformation of the Chilean economy that led it to become more export-oriented, and was reportedly also parto of the rise of "neoliberalism" in the country. Most investment in mining done under the regime of Decreto Ley 600 came from the companies based in the United States. The favourable condictions established by Decreto Ley 600 attracted the companies Falconbridge and Superior Oil which formed the joint venture Consorcio de Exploración Doña Inés in the 1970s which explored for mineral resources in the Quebrada Blanca area in northern Chile. Later the efforts of Consorcio de Exploración Doña Inés were directed at what was to become the Collahuasi mine. Other companies that begun investing in Chilean mining in the framework establi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HAL (open Archive)
HAL (short for ''Hyper Articles en Ligne'') is an open archive where authors can deposit scholarly documents from all academic fields. Documents in HAL are uploaded either by one of the authors with the consent of the others or by an authorized person on their behalf. An uploaded document does not need to have been published or even to be intended for publication. As an open access repository, HAL complies with the Open Archives Initiative (OAI-PMH) as well as with the European '' OpenAIRE'' project. HAL was started in 2001 by Franck Laloë, initially at École normale supérieure (ENS), and was later transferred to the (CCSD); other French institutions, such as Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation (Inria), have joined the system. While it is primarily directed towards French academics, participation is not restricted to them. See also * List of preprint repositories This is a list of repositories used to store open science Open science is the mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consejo Minero
Consejo Minero (lit. Mining Council) is a guild grouping large mining companies active in Chile. According to Consejo Minero in 2025 its companies produce 94% of Chile's copper, 96% of its iron, 90% of its silver and 63% of its gold and lithium. Its members are Anglo American, BHP, CMP, Minera Centinela, Codelco, Compañía Minera Doña Inés de Collahuasi, El Abra (owned by Freeport-McMoRan and Codelco), Minera Escondida, Freeport-McMoRan, Glencore, Gold Fields, KGHM, Kinross, Lundin Mining, Pampa Norte, Minera Los Pelambres, Rio Tinto, South32, Sociedad Química y Minera and Teck Resources. Prior to the joining of Compañía de Acero del Pacífico (CMP) in 2017 the guild lacked any company engaged in the production of iron. See also * Canadian mining in Latin America and the Caribbean *Chilean nationalization of copper The nationalization of the Chilean copper industry, commonly described as the Chilenization of copper () was the process by which the Chilean gover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
La Negra (industrial Complex)
La Negra, Spanish for ''The Black Woman'', may refer to: People * La Negra Carlota (died 1844), enslaved Cuban woman and rebel leader * Caridad la Negra (1879–1960), Spanish prostitute and madam * Isabel la Negra (died 1974), Puerto-Rican brothel owner *Arminda Aberastury (1910–1972), Argentine psychoanalyst * Toña la Negra (1912–1982), Mexican singer and actress * Mercedes Sosa (1935–2009), Argentine singer * Antonia La Negra (c. 1935–2018), Spanish cantaora and bailaora * Amanda Peralta (1939–2009), Argentine guerrilla and historian in Sweden *Amara La Negra (born 1990), American singer and entertainer Places * La Negra (industrial complex), an industrial complex and village near Antofagasta, Chile * Sierra Negra, an extinct volcano in the state of Puebla, Mexico * La Negra farm, site of the 1988 Honduras and La Negra farms massacre in Antioquia Department, Colombia Other uses * "El Son de la Negra "El Son de la Negra" (lit. The Song of the Black Woman) is a M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
