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Freiheit (Königsberg)
A ''Freiheit'' (German for liberty or freedom; plural ''Freiheiten'') was a quarter of medieval Königsberg, Prussia. All land surrounding Königsberg belonged to the Teutonic Knights, aside from specific tracts allocated to Königsberg's constituent towns or castle. The tracts, originally pastures and farmland, developed into suburbs subordinate in administrative, judicial, religious, and educational matters. The ''Freiheiten'' of Königsberg Castle included Burgfreiheit, Neue Sorge, Rossgarten, Sackheim, and Tragheim. The highest authority over these suburbs was the castle's Oberburggraf. Altstadt's ''Freiheiten'' included Laak, Lastadie, Neurossgarten, and Steindamm. They were subordinate to the town council of Altstadt. The island town of Kneiphof controlled Vorstadt and Haberberg, while Löbenicht controlled only the small districts Anger and Stegen. By the ''Rathäusliche Reglement'' of 13 June 1724, King Frederick William I of Prussia merged Altstadt, Löbenicht, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Language
German (, ) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western Europe, Western and Central Europe. It is the majority and Official language, official (or co-official) language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein. It is also an official language of Luxembourg, German-speaking Community of Belgium, Belgium and the Italian autonomous province of South Tyrol, as well as a recognized national language in Namibia. There are also notable German-speaking communities in other parts of Europe, including: Poland (Upper Silesia), the Czech Republic (North Bohemia), Denmark (South Jutland County, North Schleswig), Slovakia (Krahule), Germans of Romania, Romania, Hungary (Sopron), and France (European Collectivity of Alsace, Alsace). Overseas, sizeable communities of German-speakers are found in the Americas. German is one of the global language system, major languages of the world, with nearly 80 million native speakers and over 130 mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laak (Königsberg)
Laak was a Quarter (urban subdivision), quarter of western Königsberg, Germany. Its territory is now part of Kaliningrad, Russia. History The name 'Laak' comes from an Old Prussian language, Old Prussian word meaning 'open field', 'marshland', or a 'brooklet'. This word is thought to refer to a waterway known as ''Lack''/''Lacke'', which ran to the south of a later road named Laak.Karl, p. 160 Laak consisted of flat meadow land before becoming a medieval ''Freiheit (Königsberg), Freiheit'' suburb of Altstadt (Königsberg), Altstadt. Because of the wetness of the land, development of Laak was first concentrated to the north along the hill Rollberg before continuing to the west and south. Laak was bounded by Neurossgarten to the north, Altstadt to the east, Lastadie to the south, and the early 17th century Baroque architecture, Baroque city walls to the west. Beyond the walls were Kosse (Königsberg), Kosse and Mittelhufen. Laak was closely affiliated with the Lastadie warehouse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heinrich Friedrich Karl Vom Und Zum Stein
Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein (25 October 1757 – 29 June 1831), commonly known as Baron vom Stein, was a Prussian statesman who introduced the Prussian reforms, which paved the way for the unification of Germany. He promoted the abolition of serfdom, with indemnification to territorial lords; subjection of the nobles to manorial imposts; and the establishment of a modern municipal system. Stein was from an old Franconian family. He was born on the family estate near Nassau, studied at Göttingen, and entered the civil service. Prussian conservatism hampered him in his efforts to bring about changes. In 1807, he was removed from office by the King for refusing to accept the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs but was recalled after the Peace of Tilsit. After it became known that he had written a letter in which he criticised Napoleon, Stein was obliged to resign, which he did on 24 November 1808 and retired to the Austrian Empire, from which he was summoned to t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick William I Of Prussia
Frederick William I (; 14 August 1688 – 31 May 1740), known as the Soldier King (), was King in Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg from 1713 until his death in 1740, as well as Prince of Neuchâtel. Born in Berlin, he was raised by the Huguenot governess Marthe de Roucoulle. His political awakening occurred during the Great Northern War's plague outbreak in Prussia, leading to his challenge against corruption and inefficiency in government. He initiated reforms, especially in the military, doubling the Prussian Army and increased the officer corps to 3,000. A believer in absolute monarchy, he focused on state development and financial reorganization, imposing taxes and stringent regulations on public servants. He made efforts to reduce crime and centralized his authority during his 27 years' reign, cementing Prussia as a regional power. Despite his effective rule, he had a harsh nature, exacerbated by his health issues. He engaged in colonial affairs, but prioritized militar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Löbenicht
View of Löbenicht from the Pregel, including its church and gymnasium, as well as the nearby Propsteikirche Löbenicht (; ) was a quarter of central Königsberg, Germany. During the Middle Ages it was the weakest of the three towns that composed the city of Königsberg, the others being Altstadt and Kneiphof. Its territory is now part of the Leningradsky District of Kaliningrad, Russia. History Early history The predecessor of Löbenicht was the Old Prussian fishing village Lipnick (also ''Liepenick'' and ''Lipnicken'', meaning swamp village) with its harbor Lipza,Guttzeit, p. 11 which was conquered by the Teutonic Knights during the 1255 conquest of Samland. Although an initial German colony northwest of Königsberg Castle was destroyed during the 1262 Siege of Königsberg, the Altstadt (German for "old town") south of the castle was granted Kulm town rights in 1286. By the end of the 13th century settlement had spread east of Altstadt to Löbenicht. Altstadt and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haberberg
Unterhaberberg Oberhaberberg Haberberg was a mostly residential quarter of southern Königsberg, Germany. Its territory is now part of the Moskovsky District of Kaliningrad, Russia. History The hill Haberberg located south of Hintere Vorstadt in Natangia was first documented in the charter of Kneiphof in 1327. It was one of the safest spots in the region when the Pregel River would flood. Gerke Hoppener, a lokator employed by the Teutonic Knights, founded the village of Haberberg with 19 morgen and Kulm law in 1378. Grand Master Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach granted the village to the town of Kneiphof in 1522. Haberberg was divided into Unterhaberberg (Lower Haberberg) to the north and Oberhaberberg (Upper Haberberg) to the south. The village administered Alter Garten to its west, but Nasser Garten was a separate quarter; the two garden territories were divided by the Brandenburg Gate. The Viehmarkt in eastern Haberberg was a market for cattle and horses from Natangia, Bar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vorstadt (Königsberg)
View of Vorstadt from the south Vorstadt ("suburb" in German) was a quarter of southern Königsberg, Germany. Its territory is now part of the Moskovsky District of Kaliningrad, Russia. History Postcard of Vordere Vorstadt across from the Stock Exchange In 1329 the Teutonic Knights granted land on the southern shore of the Pregel River to the island town of Kneiphof primarily for constructing docks, but also for gardens, agriculture, and pastureland. The suburb which developed there, the Kneiphöfische Vorstadt, became a '' Freiheit'' district with special rights under the control of Kneiphof. Its ''Gerichtssiegel'', or court seal, depicted a hand descending from clouds holding a weighing scale, flanked by the two hunting horns of Kneiphof. Much of Königsberg's Russian population was settled in Vorstadt. By the ''Rathäusliche Reglement'' of 13 June 1724, King Frederick William I of Prussia merged Kneiphof and Vorstadt into the united city of Königsberg. Locations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kneiphof
Coat of arms of Kneiphof Postcard of Kneiphöfsche Langgasse Reconstruction of Kneiphof in Kaliningrad's museum Kneiphof (; ; ) was a quarter of central Königsberg (Kaliningrad). During the Middle Ages it was one of the three towns that composed the city of Königsberg, the others being Altstadt and Löbenicht. The town was located on a 10-hectare (25-acre) island of the same name in the Pregel River and included Königsberg Cathedral and the original campus of the University of Königsberg. Its territory is now part of the Moskovsky District of Kaliningrad, Russia. Etymology Medieval variations of Kneiphof included ''Knipaw'',Gause I, p. 37 ''Knipab'',Albinus, p. 163 and ''Knypabe''. The name was of Old Prussian origin, referring to a swampy land or area flushed by water; the island was bounded to the north by the '' Neue Pregel'' and to the south by the ''Alte Pregel'' (or ''Natangische Pregel''), branches of the Pregel River. At the start of the 14th century the isla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Steindamm (Königsberg)
Steindamm and Steindamm Church, c. 1908 Steindamm was the oldest quarter of Königsberg, Germany. Its territory is now part of Kaliningrad, Russia. History Medieval Steindamm After the Teutonic Knights conquered the region in 1255, they allowed the creation of a German settlement northwest of their newly built castle. However, this initial settlement was destroyed by Sambians led by Nalube during the 1262 Siege of Königsberg. When the new town of Altstadt south of the castle received its town charter in 1286, the area of the previous settlement was designated as Altstadt's '' Freiheit'' suburb and began to be redeveloped. The resettled area, which became known as Steindamm (stone causeway or embankment) after its main thoroughfare, extended northwest of Königsberg Castle. Medieval Steindamm began at the original southern Steindamm Gate (Steindammsches Tor) by Koggenstraße, traveled north past Steindamm Bridge (Steindammsche Brücke) and the castle's moat, and ended ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neurossgarten
Neurossgarten () was a quarter of northwestern Königsberg, Germany. Its territory is now part of Kaliningrad, Russia. History The name ''Neuroßgarten'' means "new horse pasture" in German, with the eastern Königsberg suburb of Rossgarten (or ''Altroßgarten'') being its namesake. The area of Neurossgarten was first mentioned as the ''Altstädtischer Roßgarten'' in 1466 in archives of the Teutonic Knights, and consisted of meadows, pastures, gardens, and a cemetery used by Steindamm. Neurossgarten was established as a new suburb of Altstadt separate from Steindamm in 1635.Albinus, p. 225 By the ''Rathäusliche Reglement'' of 13 June 1724, King Frederick William I of Prussia merged Altstadt and Neurossgarten into the united city of Königsberg. By 1890 the area from Neurossgarten's Wagnerstraße through Steindamm to Tragheimer Pulverstraße was the most densely settled part of the city. The quarter was heavily damaged by the 1944 Bombing of Königsberg and 1945 Battle of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lastadie
Postcard of Lastadie Lastadie was a quarter of central Königsberg, Germany. Its territory is now part of Kaliningrad, Russia. Etymology The name Lastadie is derived from the Medieval Latin ''Lastagium'', referring specifically to sailing ballast and generally to loading docks.Mühlpfordt, p. 88 In Old High German it became ''ladastat'' and in Middle Low German ''Lastadie''. In the Low Prussian dialect of Königsberg it was pronounced ''Lastaadje''. While medieval docks were also built by Kneiphof (in Vordere Vorstadt) and Löbenicht (in neighboring Anger), the usage of "Lastadie" in Königsberg referred almost exclusively to those of Altstadt built south of Laak. History Lastadie warehouses The oldest docks of Königsberg were located on an island then known as Vogtswerder within the Pregel River. The 1286 charter of Altstadt allowed the town to build these initial docks (later known as the ''Kai'', meaning quay) on the western coast of the island, connected to Altstadt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
