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François Marie, Prince Of Lillebonne
François Marie de Lorraine (4 Apr 1624 – 19 January 1694) was a French nobleman and member of the House of Lorraine. He was known as the ''prince de Lillebonne''. He was also the Duke of Joyeuse. Biography François Marie was born to Charles de Lorraine, Duke of Elbeuf, and his wife Catherine Henriette de Bourbon, ''Légitimée de France'', legitimised daughter of Henry IV of France and Gabrielle d'Estrées. He was the couple's fourth and youngest son. In his youth, he was styled as the Count of Lillebonne, later styling himself as Prince. He was only sold the County of Lillebonne in 1692 by his nephew Henri, Duke of Elbeuf, who had recently lost his father Charles III, Duke of Elbeuf. A member of the ''House of Guise'' founded by Claude, Duke of Guise, he was a ''Prince of Lorraine'' as a male line descendant of René II, Duke of Lorraine. At court, he, like members of his Lorraine family, held the rank of ''Foreign Prince'', a rank which was below that of the immediate Roy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles, Prince Of Commercy
Charles de Lorraine, Prince de Commercy (11 July 1661 – 15 August 1702), was a French field marshal of the Holy Roman Empire and a military advisor to Prince Eugene of Savoy. He acquired military prominence after leading imperial troops in the Great Turkish War, in the Nine Years' War, and the War of Spanish Succession. Life Charles de Lorraine was born 11 July 1661 in Bar-le-Duc, in the Duchy of Lorraine. He belonged to the Elbeuf cadet branch of the ruling dynasty of that duchy, domiciled in France. His father was Francois de Lorraine, Comte de Lillebonne, a cavalry commander in the French army. His mother was Anne of Lorraine, daughter of Duke Charles IV. His paternal grandmother was Catherine Henriette de Bourbon, an illegitimate daughter of Henry IV of France. Commercy was never married and had no children. He died during the War of Spanish Succession in the Battle of Luzzara. He was Duke of Joyeuse but after Charles entered into the service of Leopold I, Holy Ro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foreign Prince
Foreign may refer to: Government * Foreign policy, how a country interacts with other countries * Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in many countries ** Foreign Office, a department of the UK government ** Foreign office and foreign minister * United States state law, a legal matter in another state Science and technology * Foreign accent syndrome, a side effect of severe brain injury * Foreign key, a constraint in a relational database Arts and entertainment * Foreign film or world cinema, films and film industries of non-English-speaking countries * Foreign music or world music * Foreign literature or world literature * ''Foreign Policy'', a magazine Music * "Foreign", a song by Jessica Mauboy from her 2010 album ''Get 'Em Girls'' * "Foreign" (Trey Songz song), 2014 * "Foreign", a song by Lil Pump from the album '' Lil Pump'' Other uses * Foreign corporation, a corporation that can do business outside its jurisdiction * Foreign language A foreign language is a language that is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François Annibal D'Estrées
François-Annibal d'Estrées, duc d'Estrées (1573 – 5 May 1670) was a French diplomat, soldier and Marshal of France. Biography François-Annibal d'Estrées was born in 1573, to Antoine d'Estrées and Françoise Babou de La Bourdaisière, and the brother of Gabrielle d'Estrées, mistress of Henry IV of France and Julienne-Hypolite-Joséphine, Duchess of Villars, Julienne-Hippolite-Joséphine, Duchess of Villars. His first title was that of a marquis de Cœuvres. He was destined for the church but preferred a military career and joined the army where he became Lieutenant General. In 1624, under Marie de' Medici, he was given supreme command over the troops of France, Venice and Savoy in the conquest of Valtellina. For this, he was given in 1626 the title of a List of Marshals of France, Marshal of France. In 1630, he tried in vain to conquer Mantua. In 1632, he was put in command of the Army of the Rhine and took Trier. After his military career, he became a diplomat. Betw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Theresa Of Spain
Maria Theresa of Spain (; ; 10 September 1638 – 30 July 1683) was Queen consort of France, Queen of France from 1660 to 1683 as the wife of King Louis XIV. She was born an Infante, Infanta of Spain and Portugal as the daughter of King Philip IV of Spain, Philip IV and Elisabeth of France (1602–1644), Elisabeth of France, and was also an Archduke#Usage, Archduchess of Austria as a member of the Spanish branch of the House of Habsburg. Her marriage in 1660 to King Louis XIV, her double first cousin, was arranged with the purpose of ending the lengthy Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659), war between France and Spain. Famed for her virtue and piety, she saw five of her six children die in early childhood, and is frequently viewed as an object of pity in historical accounts of her husband's reign, since she was often neglected by the court and overshadowed by the King's many mistresses. Without any political influence in the French court or government (except briefly in 1672, when sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis XIV
LouisXIV (Louis-Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. His verified reign of 72 years and 110 days is the List of longest-reigning monarchs, longest of any monarch in history. An emblem of the Absolutism (European history), age of absolutism in Europe, Louis XIV's legacy includes French colonial empire, French colonial expansion, the conclusion of the Thirty Years' War involving the Habsburgs, and a controlling influence on the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture, style of fine arts and architecture in France, including the transformation of the Palace of Versailles into a center of royal power and politics. Louis XIV's pageantry and opulence helped define the French Baroque architecture, French Baroque style of art and architecture and promoted his image as absolute ruler of France in the early modern period. Louis XIV began his personal rule of France ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Nördlingen (1645)
The second Battle of Nördlingen (or Battle of Allerheim) was fought on 3 August 1645 southeast of Nördlingen near the village of Alerheim. France and its Protestant German allies defeated the forces of the Holy Roman Empire and its Bavarian ally. Prelude The Imperials and their main German ally Electorate of Bavaria, Bavaria were facing increasingly severe pressure in the war from the French, Swedes and their Protestant allies and were struggling to prevent a French attempt to advance into Bavaria. Geography The 16,000-man Imperial-Bavarian army, led by Field Marshal Franz von Mercy, Franz Baron von Mercy and Johann von Werth entrenched on rising ground near the village of Alerheim, 10 km southeast of Nordlingen. One km to the northeast of the village, the ridge rises to a height called the Wennenberg. Exactly 1 km to the southwest of the village is the Schloss Alerheim, which crowns a hill. Mercy and Werth deployed their right wing on the Wennenberg, anchored their ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Siege Of Lleida (1644)
Siege of Lleida took place between May – 30 July 1644 during the Reapers' War when a Spanish force under Felipe da Silva besieged and attacked the Franco- Catalan garrison of Lleida—after intense fighting the city finally surrendered on 30 July. Located between Aragon and Catalonia, once captured, the city's citadel served to support the Spanish troops' offensive eastwards towards Barcelona. Duffy, Christopher (2013)''Siege Warfare: The Fortress in the Early Modern World 1494-1660'', pp. 127. Taylor & Francis.''Google Books''. Retrieved 4 March 2025. Philippe de La Mothe-Houdancourt, who failed to lift the Spanish siege was replaced by Henri de Lorraine, count of Harcourt. The Spanish took Balaguer in September and Agramunt in October. After the conquest of Roses, the frontline stabilized for a few years, until the Spanish Siege of Barcelona (1651). Once the terms of surrender had been signed, King Philip IV, who had been on the scene since the early days of the siege, h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thirty Years War
The Thirty Years' War, fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648, was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. An estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died from battle, famine, or disease, while parts of Germany reported population declines of over 50%. Related conflicts include the Eighty Years' War, the War of the Mantuan Succession, the Franco-Spanish War, the Torstenson War, the Dutch-Portuguese War, and the Portuguese Restoration War. The war had its origins in the 16th-century Reformation, which led to religious conflict within the Holy Roman Empire. The 1555 Peace of Augsburg attempted to resolve this by dividing the Empire into Catholic and Lutheran states, but the settlement was destabilised by the subsequent expansion of Protestantism beyond these boundaries. Combined with differences over the limits of imperial authority, religion was thus an important factor in starting the war. However, its scope and extent wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cardinal Mazarin
Jules Mazarin (born Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino or Mazarini; 14 July 1602 – 9 March 1661), from 1641 known as Cardinal Mazarin, was an Italian Catholic prelate, diplomat and politician who served as the chief minister to the Kings of France Louis XIII and Louis XIV from 1642 to his death. He was made a cardinal in 1641. After serving as a papal diplomat for Pope Urban VIII, Mazarin offered his diplomatic services to Cardinal Richelieu and moved to Paris in 1640. After the death of Richelieu in 1642, Mazarin took his place as first minister of Louis XIII, and then of Louis XIV, when he succeeded to the throne in 1643. Mazarin acted as the head of the government for Anne of Austria, the regent for the young Louis XIV, and was also responsible for the king's education until he came of age. The first years of Mazarin in office were marked by military victories in the Thirty Years' War, which he used to make France the main European power and establish the Peace of Westphalia (1646� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis XIV Of France
LouisXIV (Louis-Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. His verified reign of 72 years and 110 days is the List of longest-reigning monarchs, longest of any monarch in history. An emblem of the Absolutism (European history), age of absolutism in Europe, Louis XIV's legacy includes French colonial empire, French colonial expansion, the conclusion of the Thirty Years' War involving the Habsburgs, and a controlling influence on the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture, style of fine arts and architecture in France, including the transformation of the Palace of Versailles into a center of royal power and politics. Louis XIV's pageantry and opulence helped define the French Baroque architecture, French Baroque style of art and architecture and promoted his image as absolute ruler of France in the early modern period. Louis XIV began his personal rule of France ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis, Count Of Armagnac
Louis of Lorraine (7 December 1641 – 13 June 1718) was the Count of Armagnac from his father's death in 1666. The ''Grand Squire of France'', he was a member of a cadet branch of the House of Guise, itself a cadet branch of the sovereign House of Lorraine. His descendants include Albert II, Prince of Monaco, Umberto II of Italy, and Diana Álvares Pereira de Melo, 11th Duchess of Cadaval. Biography ''Louis de Lorraine'' was born in Paris to Henri de Lorraine, count of Harcourt, Henri de Lorraine, Count of Armagnac and his wife Marguerite Philippe du Cambout. His younger brother, Chevalier de Lorraine, Philippe, chevalier de Lorraine, was Infamy, infamously the lover of ''Monsieur#History, Monsieur'', i.e., Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, younger brother of Louis XIV. He, like his father before him, was the ''Grand Squire of France'', one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France and a member of the King's Household. At Louis' death, the post, as well as style of ''Monsieur le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Philippe I, Duke Of Orléans
''Monsieur'' Philippe I, Duke of Orléans (21 September 1640 – 9 June 1701) was the younger son of King Louis XIII of France and Anne of Austria, and the younger brother of King Louis XIV. He was the founder of the House of Orléans, a cadet branch of the ruling House of Bourbon. Styled Duke of Anjou from birth, Philippe became Duke of Orléans upon the death of his uncle Gaston, Duke of Orléans, Gaston in 1660. He was also granted the dukedoms of Counts and dukes of Valois, Valois, List of counts and dukes of Chartres, Chartres and Duke of Nemours, Nemours. Known as ''le Petit Monsieur'' or simply ''Monsieur'', Philippe was a distinguished military commander and took part in the War of Devolution and the Franco-Dutch War, the latter of which saw his victory over William III of England, William of Orange at the Battle of Cassel (1677), Battle of Cassel. Through careful personal administration, he greatly augmented the fortunes of the House of Orléans, which rivalled th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
