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François Louis Alfred Durrieu
François Louis Alfred Durrieu (18 January 1812, Hamburg – 27 September 1877, Paris) was a French major general and Governor of Algeria. He became Baron Durrieu in 1862, inheriting the title from his uncle General Antoine Simon Durrieu. He attended the military academy of Saint-Cyr. He became a captain in 1840 and was attached to do topographical work in Algeria. He was a squadron leader of Spahis in 1845, lieutenant colonel of the 1st Chasseurs d'Afrique in May 1849, colonel of the 2nd Spahis in July 1851, and was promoted to brigadier general on 29 August 1854. He received the command of the subdivision of Mascara Mascara (, ) is a Cosmetics, cosmetic commonly used to enhance the upper and lower eyelashes. It is used to darken, thicken, lengthen, and/or define the eyelashes. Normally in one of three forms—liquid, powder, or cream—the modern mascara p ..., then was promoted to major general on 11 December 1859. He held the post of Deputy Governor of Algeria from 19 N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hamburg
Hamburg (, ; ), officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg,. is the List of cities in Germany by population, second-largest city in Germany after Berlin and List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits, 7th-largest in the European Union with a population of over 1.9 million. The Hamburg Metropolitan Region has a population of over 5.1 million and is the List of EU metropolitan areas by GDP, eighth-largest metropolitan region by GDP in the European Union. At the southern tip of the Jutland Peninsula, Hamburg stands on the branching River Elbe at the head of a estuary to the North Sea, on the mouth of the Alster and Bille (Elbe), Bille. Hamburg is one of Germany's three city-states alongside Berlin and Bremen (state), Bremen, and is surrounded by Schleswig-Holstein to the north and Lower Saxony to the south. The Port of Hamburg is Germany's largest and Europe's List of busiest ports in Europe, third-largest, after Port of Rotterdam, Rotterda ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chasseurs D'Afrique
''Chasseur'' ( , ), a French language, French term for "hunter", is the designation given to certain regiments of France, French and Belgium, Belgian light infantry () or light cavalry () to denote troops trained for rapid action. History This branch of the French Army originated during the War of the Austrian Succession when, in 1743, Jean Chrétien Fischer was authorized by the Charles Louis Auguste Fouquet, duc de Belle-Isle, Marshal de Belle-Isle to raise a 600 strong mixed force of infantry and cavalry. It was called ''Chasseurs de Fischer.'' During the remainder of the 18th century various types of light troops () were employed within the French army, either as independent units or as companies within existing regiments. In 1788, there were 8 battalions of chasseurs, and in March 1793 this was expanded to 21 battalions. The first battalions of Chasseurs raised by 1788 included: * (1st) ''Chasseurs Royaux de Provence'' * (2nd) ''Chasseurs Royaux de Dauphiné'' * (3rd) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Generals
French may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to France ** French language, which originated in France ** French people, a nation and ethnic group ** French cuisine, cooking traditions and practices Arts and media * The French (band), a British rock band * "French" (episode), a live-action episode of ''The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!'' * ''Française'' (film), a 2008 film * French Stewart (born 1964), American actor Other uses * French (surname), a surname (including a list of people with the name) * French (tunic), a type of military jacket or tunic * French's, an American brand of mustard condiment * French (catheter scale), a unit of measurement * French Defence, a chess opening * French kiss, a type of kiss See also * France (other) * Franch, a surname * French Revolution (other) * French River (other), several rivers and other places * Frenching (other) Frenching may refer to: * Frenching (automobile), recessing or mou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
19th-century French Military Personnel
The 19th century began on 1 January 1801 (represented by the Roman numerals MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 (MCM). It was the 9th century of the 2nd millennium. It was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was Abolitionism, abolished in much of Europe and the Americas. The First Industrial Revolution, though it began in the late 18th century, expanded beyond its British homeland for the first time during the 19th century, particularly remaking the economies and societies of the Low Countries, France, the Rhineland, Northern Italy, and the Northeastern United States. A few decades later, the Second Industrial Revolution led to ever more massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit, and prosperity, a pattern that continued into the 20th century. The Catholic Church, in response to the growing influence and power of modernism, secularism and materialism, formed the First Vatican Council in the late 19th century to deal with such problems an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1877 Deaths
Events January * January 1 – Queen Victoria is proclaimed Empress of India by the Royal Titles Act 1876, introduced by Benjamin Disraeli, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom . * January 8 – Great Sioux War of 1876: Battle of Wolf Mountain – Crazy Horse and his warriors fight their last battle with the United States Cavalry in Montana. * January 20 – The Conference of Constantinople ends, with Ottoman Turkey rejecting proposals of internal reform and Balkan provisions. * January 29 – The Satsuma Rebellion, a revolt of disaffected samurai in Japan, breaks out against the new imperial government; it lasts until September, when it is crushed by a professionally led army of draftees. February * February 17 – Major General Charles George Gordon of the British Army is appointed Governor-General of the Sudan. March * March 2 – Compromise of 1877: The 1876 United States presidential election is resolved with the selection of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1812 Births
Events January–March * January 1 – The ''Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch'' (the Austrian civil code) enters into force in the Austrian Empire. * January 19 – Peninsular War: The French-held fortress of Ciudad Rodrigo Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1812), is stormed by the Anglo-Portuguese Army, under the Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, Earl of Wellington. * February 7 – The last 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes, New Madrid earthquake strikes New Madrid, Missouri, with an estimated moment magnitude scale, moment magnitude of over 8. * February 12 – Napoleon authorizes the usage of ''Mesures usuelles'', the basis of the metric system. * February 13 – The first Chilean newspaper ''Aurora de Chile'' deals with political philosophy, and stands in favor of the new national government. * February 27 ** Argentine War of Independence: Manuel Belgrano raises the Flag of Argentina (which he designed) in the city of Rosario, for the first time. ** English poet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of French Governors Of Algeria
In 1830, in the days before the outbreak of the July Revolution against the Bourbon Restoration in France, Bourbon Restoration in France, the French conquest of Algeria, conquest of Algeria was initiated by Charles X of France, Charles X as an attempt to increase his popularity amongst the French people. The Invasion of Algiers (1830), invasion began on 5 July 1830. Afterwards Algeria would become a French Algeria, territory within the French colonial empire from 1830 to 1962, under a variety of governmental systems. List (Dates in italics indicate ''de facto'' continuation of office) French colony of Algeria (1830–1848) French departments of Algeria (1848–1962) Shortly after the July Monarchy of Louis Philippe I was overthrown in the French Revolution of 1848, Revolution of 1848, the new government of the French Second Republic, Second Republic ended Algeria's status as a colony and declared it in the French Constitution of 1848, 1848 Constitution an integral pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mascara, Algeria
Mascara (), also spelled Maskara, is the capital city of Mascara Province. It has 150,000 inhabitants (2008 estimate). It was founded in the 10th century by the Banu Ifran, a Berber tribe, and was the capital city of Emir Abd al-Qadir, a leader of the Algerian resistance to early French colonial rule in the 19th century. Mascara is an administrative, commercial and a market centre. Its trade is mostly centered on leather goods, grains, and olive oil, but it is especially famous for its good wine. It has good road and rail connections with other urban centres of Algeria. Relizane is northeast, Sidi Bel Abbes southwest, Oran 105 kkm northwest and Saïda south. Mascara has two parts, a newer French area, and an older Muslim one. Large parts of the town lie inside the ruins of its ancient ramparts. The city is the home of Lakhdar Belloumi, a former Algerian football (soccer) star. Etymology The word ''mascara'' is a Francisation of the Arabic word ''معسكر'' (mu'askar), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spahi
Spahis () were light cavalry, light-cavalry regiments of the French army recruited primarily from the Arab and Berber populations of Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco. The modern French Army retains one regiment of Spahis as an armoured unit, with personnel now recruited in mainland France. Senegal also maintains a mounted unit with spahi origins as a presidential escort: the Red Guard of Senegal, Red Guard. Etymology The name is the French form of the Ottoman Turkish language, Ottoman Turkish word , a word derived from Persian language#New Persian, Persian , "soldier", "horseman", ultimately from Persian meaning "army", "cavalry". Early history Following the French occupation of Algiers in 1830, detachments of locally recruited irregular horsemen were attached to the regiments of light cavalry assigned to North African service. These auxiliaries were designated as ''chasseurs spahis''. Between 1834 and 1836 they were organised into four squadrons of regular spahis. In 1841 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bouches-de-l'Elbe
Bouches-de-l'Elbe (; , ) was a department of the First French Empire in present-day Germany that survived for three years. It was named after the mouth of the river Elbe. It was formed in 1811, when the region, originally belonging partially to Bremen-Verden (which in 1807 had been intermittently incorporated into the Kingdom of Westphalia), to Hamburg, Lübeck and Saxe-Lauenburg, was annexed by France. Its territory is part of the present-day German states of Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg. Its capital was Hamburg. The department was subdivided into four arrondissements and the following cantons (situation in 1812, French translated names where applicable):Almanach Impérial an bissextil MDCCCXII p. 376-377, accessed in [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Algeria
Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to Algeria–Tunisia border, the northeast by Tunisia; to Algeria–Libya border, the east by Libya; to Algeria–Niger border, the southeast by Niger; to Algeria–Western Sahara border, the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and Western Sahara; to Algeria–Morocco border, the west by Morocco; and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The capital and List of cities in Algeria, largest city is Algiers, located in the far north on the Mediterranean coast. Inhabited since prehistory, Algeria has been at the crossroads of numerous cultures and civilisations, including the Phoenicians, Numidians, Ancient Rome, Romans, Vandals, and Byzantine Greeks. Its modern identity is rooted in centuries of Arab migrations to the Maghreb, Arab Muslim migration waves since Muslim conquest of the Maghreb, the seventh century and the subsequent Arabization, Arabisation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
École Spéciale Militaire De Saint-Cyr
The École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr (, , abbr. ESM) is a French military academy, and is often referred to as Saint-Cyr (). It is located in Coëtquidan in Guer, Morbihan, Brittany. Its motto is ''Ils s'instruisent pour vaincre'', literally meaning "They study to vanquish" or, more freely put, "Training for victory". French cadet officers are called ''saint-cyriens'' or ''cyrards''. France's other most senior War college, military education institute is the ' (EdG) (School of Warfare), located in the ''École militaire'' complex, in Paris. French students who enter Saint-Cyr as cadets are about 21 years old, and undergo three years of training. All ESM cadets graduate with a Master of Arts or a Master of Science and are Officer (armed forces), commissioned officers. The academy was founded in Fontainebleau in 1802 by Napoleon. It was moved in 1806 to the buildings of the former ''Maison royale de Saint-Louis, Maison Royale de Saint-Louis'', in Saint-Cyr-l'École, west of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
