François-Étienne Caulet
François-Étienne Caulet (born at Toulouse, 1610; died at Pamiers, 1680) was a French bishop and Jansenist. Life After completing his studies at the Collège of La Flèche, Caulet worked for some time under Charles de Condren, Superior of the French Oratory. He then joined Jean-Jacques Olier in founding the Vaugirard Seminary and the Company of Saint-Sulpice. When Olier accepted the parish of Saint-Sulpice (1642), Caulet became practically the head of the seminary. In 1644 Louis XIV, at the suggestion of Vincent de Paul, made him Bishop of Pamiers. Caulet had not sought episcopal honours, but once a bishop he showed great zeal in the reformation of the clergy, the annual visitation of the diocese, the holding of synods, and the founding of schools, one of which was devoted especially to the training of teachers. The chapters of Foix and Pamiers, which he tried to reform, revolted openly, and had to be coerced into submission by Briefs of Pope Alexander VII and ordinances of Lou ...
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Commendatory Abbot
A commendatory abbot () is an ecclesiastic, or sometimes a layman, who holds an abbey ''in commendam'', drawing its revenues but not exercising any authority over its inner monastic discipline. If a commendatory abbot is an ecclesiastic, however, he may have limited jurisdiction. Originally only vacant abbeys, or those that were temporarily without an actual superior, were given ''in commendam'', in the latter case only until an actual superior was elected or appointed. An abbey is held ''in commendam'', i.e. provisorily, in distinction to one held ''in titulum'', which is a permanent benefice.Ott, Michael. "In Commendam." The Catholic Encyclopedia
Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 26 Jul. 2015

History

Originally only vacant abbeys, or such as were temporarily witho ...
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