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Fragile States Index
The Fragile States Index (FSI; formerly the Failed States Index) is an annual report mainly published and supported by the American think tank Fund for Peace. The FSI is also published by the American magazine ''Foreign Policy'' from 2005 to 2018, then by The New Humanitarian since 2019. The list aims to assess states' vulnerability to conflict or collapse, ranking all sovereign states with membership in the United Nations where there is enough data available for analysis. Taiwan, Northern Cyprus, Kosovo and Western Sahara are not ranked, despite being recognized as sovereign by one or more other nations. The Palestinian Territories were ranked together with Israel until 2021. Ranking is based on the sum of scores for 12 indicators (see below). Each indicator is scored on a scale of 0 to 10, with 0 being the lowest intensity (most stable) and 10 being the highest intensity (least stable), creating a scale spanning 0−120. Indicators Twelve conflict risk indicators are used to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fragile States Index 2023
Fragile or The Fragile may refer to: Film and television * Fragile (film), ''Fragile'' (film), a 2005 film by Jaume Balagueró * Fragile (Smallville), "Fragile" (''Smallville''), a television episode * Fragile (TV series), ''Fragile'' (TV series), an upcoming South Korean television series Literature * Fragile (manga), ''Fragile'' (manga), a 2016 Japanese series by Bin Kusamizu and Saburō Megumi * Fragile (novel), ''Fragile'' (novel), a 2010 novel by Lisa Unger * ''Fragile'', a 2003–2004 comics series by Stefano Raffaele Music * Fragile Records, an American record label Albums * Fragile (Cherrelle album), ''Fragile'' (Cherrelle album), 1984 * Fragile (Dead or Alive album), ''Fragile'' (Dead or Alive album), 2000 * Fragile (Junko Onishi album), ''Fragile'' (Junko Onishi album), 1998 * Fragile (Midge Ure album), ''Fragile'' (Midge Ure album) or the title song, 2014 * Fragile (Yes album), ''Fragile'' (Yes album), 1971 * ''Fragile'', by Eaeon, 2021 * ''Fragile'', by Saron Gas, no ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Freedom House
Freedom House is a nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C. It is best known for political advocacy surrounding issues of democracy, Freedom (political), political freedom, and human rights. Freedom House was founded in October 1941, with Wendell Willkie and Eleanor Roosevelt serving as its first honorary chairpersons. Most of the organization's funding comes from the U.S. State Department and other government grants. It also receives funds from various semi-public and private foundations, as well as individual contributions. The organization's annual ''Freedom in the World'' report assesses each country's degree of political freedoms and civil liberties. Another key annual report, ''Freedom on the Net'', is Freedom House's annual survey and analysis of internet freedom around the world. While often cited by political scientists, journalists, and policymakers, the organization's List of democracy indices, democracy indices have received criticism. Between the 1970s and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Violent Non-state Actor
In international relations, violent non-state actors (VNSAs), also known as non-state armed actors or non-state armed groups (NSAGs), are individuals or groups that are wholly or partly independent of governments and which threaten or use violence to achieve their goals. VNSAs vary widely in their goals, size, and methods. They may include narcotics cartels, popular liberation movements, religious and ideological organizations, corporations (e.g. private military contractors), self-defence militia, and paramilitary groups established by state governments to further their interests. While some VNSAs oppose governments, others are allied to them. Some VNSAs are organized as paramilitary groups, adopting methods and structure similar to those of state armed forces. Others may be informally structured and use violence in other ways, such as kidnapping, using improvised explosive devices, or hacking into computer systems. Description Thomas, Kiser, and Casebeer asserted in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crisis States Research Centre
James Putzel is a Professor of Development Studies and Director of the Crisis States Research Centre at the LSE. He was educated at McGill and Oxford universities. His research focus has been on agrarian reform, social capital, political economy of development and crisis and fragile states. He is perhaps best known for his book: ''A Captive Land: the Politics of Agrarian Reform in the Philippines''. Crisis States Research Centre The Crisis States Research Centre or 'Crisis States' was based within the LSE Development Studies Institute (DESTIN, now the Department of International Development) and led by Putzel. It was a broad research initiative funded by a grant from the UK Department for International Development (DFID) from 2000-2010. Its research concerned the origins and management of political conflict in the Global South. The Centre produced a number of articles, chapters, policy briefings, and other communications dealing with the origins, political economy, and mitigatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ochlocracy
Mob rule or ochlocracy or mobocracy is a pejorative term describing an oppressive majoritarianism, majoritarian form of government controlled by the common people through the intimidation of authorities. Ochlocracy is distinguished from democracy or similarly legitimate and representative governments by the absence or impairment of a procedurally civil process reflective of the entire polity. Names Ochlocracy comes from Latin , from Ancient Greek, Greek (''okhlokratía''), from (''ókhlos'', "mass", "mob", or "common people") and (''krátos'', "rule"). An ochlocrat is one who is an advocate or partisan of ochlocracy. The adjective may be either ochlocratic or ochlocratical. Ochlocracy is synonymous in meaning and usage to mob rule or wikt:mobocracy, mobocracy, which neologism, was coined in the 18th century from the sense of "mob" meaning the common rabble that arose from the Latin phrase ("the fickle crowd") in the 1680s during disputes over the United Kingdom's Glori ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rogue State
"Rogue state" (or sometimes "outlaw state") is a term applied by some international theorists to states that they consider threatening to the world's peace. These states meet certain criteria, such as being ruled by authoritarian or totalitarian governments that severely restrict human rights, sponsoring terrorism, or seeking to proliferate weapons of mass destruction. The term is used most by the United States (although the US State Department officially stopped using the term in 2000); in his speech at the United Nations (UN) in 2017, U.S. President Donald Trump reiterated this phrase. U.S. politicians have used the term to describe countries such as Iran, North Korea, Pakistan , Afghanistan, Cuba and Venezuela. However, the term has been applied to other countries, as well as to the United States itself.Minnerop, Petra. (2002)"Rogue States – State Sponsors of Terrorism?". ''German Law Journal'', 9. Usage by the United States As early as July 1985, President Ronald Reagan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Countries By Fragile States Index
This is a list of countries by order of appearance in the Fragile States Index (formerly the Failed States Index) of the United States think tank Fund for Peace. A fragile state has several attributes. Common indicators include a state whose central government is so weak or ineffective that it has little practical control over much of its territory; non-provision of public services; widespread corruption and criminality; refugees and involuntary movement of populations; and sharp economic decline. Since 2005, the index has been published annually by the Fund for Peace and the magazine ''Foreign Policy''. The list has been cited by journalists and academics in making broad comparative points about countries or regions. The report uses 12 factors to determine the rating for each nation, including security threats, economic implosion, human rights violations and refugee flows. Indicators of a fragile state Fund For Peace ranks (between 0 and 10) the following factors to determine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Non-governmental Organization
A non-governmental organization (NGO) is an independent, typically nonprofit organization that operates outside government control, though it may get a significant percentage of its funding from government or corporate sources. NGOs often focus on humanitarian or social issues but can also include clubs and associations offering services to members. Some NGOs, like the World Economic Forum, may also act as lobby groups for corporations. Unlike international organizations (IOs), which directly interact with sovereign states and governments, NGOs are independent from them. The term as it is used today was first introduced in Article 71 of the UN Charter, Article 71 of the newly formed United Nations Charter in 1945. While there is no fixed or formal definition for what NGOs are, they are generally defined as nonprofit entities that are independent of governmental influence—although they may receive government funding. According to the United Nations Department of Global Communic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Crisis Group
The International Crisis Group (ICG; also known as the Crisis Group) is a global non-profit, non-governmental organisation founded in 1995. It is a think tank, used by policymakers and academics, conducting research and analysis on global crises. ICG has described itself as "working to prevent wars and shape policies that will build a more peaceful world". ICG states that it provides early warning through its monthly ''CrisisWatch'' bulletin, a global conflict tracker designed to identify both risks of escalation and opportunities to advance peace. The organisation says that it produces detailed analysis and advice on specific policy issues that are affecting conflict or potential conflict situations; that it engages with policy-makers, regional organisations and other key actors to promote peaceful solutions to major conflicts; and that it offers new strategic and tactical thinking on intractable conflicts and crises. The ICG has been characterized as "liberal". Its permanent fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organisation For Economic Co-operation And Development
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD; , OCDE) is an international organization, intergovernmental organization with 38 member countries, founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and international trade, world trade. It is a forum (legal), forum whose member countries describe themselves as committed to democracy and the market economy, providing a platform to compare policy experiences, seek answers to common problems, identify good practices, and coordinate domestic and international policies of its members. The majority of OECD members are generally regarded as developed country, developed countries, with High-income economy, high-income economies, and a very high Human Development Index. their collective population is 1.38 billion people with an average life expectancy of 80 years and a median age of 40, against a global average of 30. , OECD Member countries collectively comprised 62.2% of list of countries by GDP (nominal), global nom ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Guardian
''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in Manchester in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'' and changed its name in 1959, followed by a move to London. Along with its sister paper, ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Guardian Media Group, owned by the Scott Trust Limited. The trust was created in 1936 to "secure the financial and editorial independence of ''The Guardian'' in perpetuity and to safeguard the journalistic freedom and liberal values of ''The Guardian'' free from commercial or political interference". The trust was converted into a limited company in 2008, with a constitution written so as to maintain for ''The Guardian'' the same protections as were built into the structure of the Scott Trust by its creators. Profits are reinvested in its journalism rather than distributed to owners or shareholders. It is considered a newspaper of record in the UK. The editor-in-chief Katharine Viner succeeded Alan Rusbridger in 2015. S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State-building
State-building as a specific term in social sciences and humanities, refers to political and historical processes of creation, institutional consolidation, stabilization and sustainable development of states, from the earliest emergence of statehood up to the modern times. Within historical and political sciences, there are several theoretical approaches to complex questions related to the role of various contributing factors (geopolitical, economic, social, cultural, ethnic, religious, internal, external) in state-building processes. Since the end of the 20th century, ''state-building'' has developed into becoming an integral part and even a specific approach to peacebuilding by the international community. Observers across the political and academic spectra have come to see the state-building approach as the preferred strategy to peacebuilding in a number of high-profile conflicts, including the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, and war-related conflicts in Bosnia and Herzegov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
