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Fornjót
Fornjót (Old Norse language, Old Norse: ''Fornjótr'') is a jötunn in Norse mythology, and the father of Ægir, Hlér ('sea'), Logi (mythology), Logi ('fire') and Kári ('wind'). It is also the name of a legendary king of "Finland and Kvenland". The principal study of this figure is by Margaret Clunies Ross.Margaret Clunies Ross,Snorri Sturluson's use of the Norse origin-legend of the sons of Fornjótr in his ''Edda'', ''Arkiv för Nordisk Filologi'', 98 (1983), 47–66. Name The etymology of the Old Norse name ''Fornjótr'' remains unclear. It is often interpreted as ''forn-jótr'' ('ancient or primordial jötunn'), or as ''for-njótr'' ('original owner', or 'destroyer'). Alternative meanings such as ''Forn-njótr'' ('one-who-enjoys-sacrifices') or ''Forn-þjótr'' ('ancient screamer') have also been proposed. According to Peter Erasmus Müller (1818), Fornjótr could be interpreted as the "original owner" (''primus occupans vel utens'') of Norway. An Old English cognate o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Logi (mythology)
Logi (Old Norse: , 'fire, flame') or Hálogi (, 'High Flame') is a jötunn and the personification of fire in Norse mythology. He is a son of the jötunn Fornjótr and the brother of Ægir or Hlér ('sea') and Kári ('wind'). Logi married fire giantess Glöð and she gave birth to their two beautiful daughters—Eisa and Eimyrja. Name The Old Norse name ''Logi'' is generally translated as 'fire', 'flame', or blaze'. It was also used in poetry as a synonym of 'sword, blade'. Since Logi is pitted against the god Loki in a story in the ''Gylfaginning'' section of the ''Prose Edda'', it has been suggested that Loki was also associated with fire, but it is more likely to be wordplay. Loki has no provable connection to the German word ''Lohe'' ('blaze'), despite Richard Wagner's use of the name ''Loge'' for the demigod in his '' Ring des Nibelungen''. Attestations ''Gylfaginning'' In ''Gylfaginning'' ('The Beguiling of Gylfi'), Logi appears in the tale of Thor and Loki's jour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hversu Noregr Byggðist
''Hversu Noregr byggðist'' () is an account of the origin of various legendary Norwegian lineages, which survives only in the ''Flateyjarbók''. It traces the descendants of the primeval Fornjót, a king of ''"Gotland, Kænland and Finnland"'', down to Nór, who is here the eponym and first great king of Norway, and then gives details of the descendants of Nór (and of his brother Gór) in a following section known as the ''Ættartölur'', 'Genealogies'. The ''Hversu'' account is closely paralleled by the opening of the ''Orkneyinga saga'', which gives a slightly different version of the story and provides details on the descendants of Gór only, including information not found in the ''Hversu'' or ''Ættartölur''. This opening portion of Orkneyingers saga is also known as Fundinn Noregr, 'Founding of Norway'. Much of the material in these two accounts is found nowhere else, especially the tracing of many noble families to the stock of giants rather than to the god Odin which ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ægir
Ægir (anglicised as Aegir; Old Norse 'sea'), Hlér (Old Norse 'sea'), or Gymir (Old Norse less clearly 'sea, engulfer'), is a jötunn and a anthropomorphism, personification of the sea in Norse mythology. In the Old Norse record, Ægir hosts the gods in his halls and is associated with brewing ale. Ægir is attested as married to a goddess, Rán, who also personifies the sea, and together the two produced daughters who personify waves, the Nine Daughters of Ægir and Rán, and Ægir's son is Snær, personified snow. Ægir may also be the father of the beautiful jötunn Gerðr, wife of the god Freyr, or these may be two separate figures who share the same name (see below and Gymir (father of Gerðr)). One of Ægir's names, ''Hlér'', is the namesake of the island Læsø (Old Norse ''Hlésey'' 'Hlér's island') and perhaps also Lejre in Denmark. Scholars have long analyzed Ægir's role in the Old Norse corpus, and the concept of the figure has had some influence in modern popular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orkneyinga Saga
The ''Orkneyinga saga'' (Old Norse: ; ; also called the ''History of the Earls of Orkney'' and ''Jarls' Saga'') is a narrative of the history of the Orkney and Shetland islands and their relationship with other local polities, particularly Norway and Scotland. The saga has "no parallel in the social and literary record of Scotland" and is "the only medieval chronicle to have Orkney as the central place of action". The main focus of the work is the Earl of Orkney, line of ''jarls'' who ruled the Earldom of Orkney, which constituted the ''Norðreyjar'' or Northern Isles of Orkney and Shetland and there are frequent references to both archipelagoes throughout. The narrative commences with a brief mythical ancestry tale and then proceeds to outline the Norse take-over of the ''Norðreyjar'' by Harald Fairhair – the take-over is not in doubt although the role of the king is no longer accepted by historians as a likelihood. The saga then outlines, with varying degrees of detail, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yngling
The Ynglings were a dynasty of kings, first in Sweden and later in Norway, primarily attested through the poem ''Ynglingatal''. The dynasty also appears as Scylfings (, ) in ''Beowulf''. When ''Beowulf'' and ''Ynglingatal'' were composed sometime in the eighth to tenth centuries, their respective authors (scops and skalds) expected their audience to have a great deal of background information about these kings, which is shown in the allusiveness of the references. According to sources such as ''Ynglingatal'' and ''Íslendingabók'', the Fairhair dynasty in Oppland, Norway was in fact a branch of the Ynglings (here Yngling is explicitly used as the name of the dynasty). Saxo Grammaticus held that the Ynglings also included Eric the Victorious, who is usually the first king in modern regnal lists, and his House of Munsö, descendants. However, this does not tally with Icelandic sources. The dynasty claimed descent from the gods Freyr and Njörðr, and other kings were likely mythic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kvenland
Kvenland, known as ''Cwenland'', ''Qwenland'', ''Kænland'', and similar terms in medieval sources, is an ancient name for an area in Fennoscandia and Scandinavia. Kvenland, in that or nearly that spelling, is known from an Old English account written in the 9th century, which used information provided by Norwegian adventurer and traveler Ohthere, and from Nordic sources, primarily Icelandic. A possible additional source was written in the modern-day area of Norway. All known Nordic sources date from the 12th and 13th centuries. Other possible references to Kvenland by other names and spellings are also discussed here. Old English Orosius A Norwegian adventurer and traveler named Ohthere visited England around 890 CE. King Alfred of Wessex had his stories written down and included them in his Old English version of a world history written by the Romano-Hispanic author Orosius. Ohthere's story contains the only contemporary description about Kvenland that has survived from the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Þjóðólfr Of Hvinir
Þjóðólfr ór Hvini (; anglicized as Thjódólf of Hvinir or Thiodolf; fl. late 9th–early 10th c. AD), was a Norwegian skald, said to have been one of the court-poets of the Norwegian king Harald Fairhair. His name suggests that he was from the region of Hvinir ( Kvinesdal). Two skaldic poems, '' Haustlǫng'' (Autumn-long) and '' Ynglingatal'' (Enumeration of the Ynglingar), are generally attributed to him. Saga account According to Heimskringla, he fostered Harald's sons Sigurd Hrisi, Halfdan Long-Leg, Gudröd the Radiant, Ragnvald Rettilbein. Works Both ''Haustlǫng'' and ''Ynglingatal'' are ascribed to Þjóðólfr of Hvinir from a relatively early period. They were preserved, along with some of his other verses, by the 13th-century Icelandic writer Snorri Sturluson in the '' Prose Edda''. A third poem, '' Hrafnsmál'', is also attributed to him by Snorri, although scholars rather think that it was composed by another of Harald Fairhair's court-poets named ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skald
A skald, or skáld (Old Norse: ; , meaning "poet"), is one of the often named poets who composed skaldic poetry, one of the two kinds of Old Norse poetry in alliterative verse, the other being Eddic poetry. Skaldic poems were traditionally composed to honor kings, but were sometimes Extemporaneous speaking, ex tempore. They include both extended works and single verses (''Lausavísa, lausavísur''). They are characteristically more ornate in form and diction than eddic poems, employing many kennings, which require some knowledge of Norse mythology, and heiti, which are formal nouns used in place of more prosaic synonyms. ''Dróttkvætt'' metre (poetry), metre is a type of skaldic verse form that most often use internal rhyme and alliteration. More than 5,500 skaldic verses have survived, preserved in more than 700 manuscripts, including in several sagas and in Snorri Sturluson's ''Prose Edda'', a handbook of skaldic composition that led to a revival of the art. Many of these vers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kenning
A kenning ( Icelandic: ) is a figure of speech, a figuratively-phrased compound term that is used in place of a simple single-word noun. For instance, the Old English kenning () means , as does (). A kenning has two parts: a base-word (also known as a head-word) and a determinant. So in ''whale's road'', ''road'' is the base-word, and ''whale's'' is the determinant. This is the same structure as in the modern English term ''skyscraper''; the base-word here would be ''scraper'', and the determinant ''sky''. In some languages, kennings can recurse, with one element of the kenning being replaced by another kenning. The meaning of the kenning is known as its referent (in the case of ''whale's road'', ''sea'' is the referent). Note that ''skyscraper'' is not a kenning, as it is not a circumlocution for a simpler term; it just means . Kennings are strongly associated with Old Norse-Icelandic and Old English alliterative verse. They continued to be a feature of Icelandic poe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nafnaþulur
''Nafnaþulur'' (Old Norse: ) is a subsection of the ''Prose Edda'', the last part of the ''Skáldskaparmál''. It is a listing in verse of names that may be used in poetry for various items, such as gods A deity or god is a supernatural being considered to be sacred and worthy of worship due to having authority over some aspect of the universe and/or life. The ''Oxford Dictionary of English'' defines ''deity'' as a God (male deity), god or god ..., jötnar, people, animals, and weapons. The verses are not in all manuscripts of the ''Edda'' and appear independently, and are probably a later addition to Snorri's original composition; they may have been one of its sources. Jan de Vries, ''Altnordische Literaturgeschichte'' volume 2, Berlin: de Gruyter, 1967pp. 225-26 They are often omitted from editions and translations of the ''Edda''. References External links (verses 1-20; continues Remser fra Snorra Eddas håndskrifter (B1) – heimskringla.noTillæg fra 748, 757 (B1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ynglingatal
''Ynglingatal'' or ''Ynglinga tal'' (Old Norse: 'Enumeration of the Ynglingar') is a Skaldic poem cited by Snorri Sturluson in the ''Ynglinga saga'', the first saga of Snorri's ''Heimskringla''. Þjóðólfr of Hvinir (Thjodolf), who was a poet for Harald Fairhair (r. 872–930), is traditionally credited with its authorship. Snorri quotes frequently from this poem and cites it as one of the sources of the saga. The composition of the poem is dated to the 9th century. The poem lists the partly mythical and partly historical ancient Swedish kings; twenty-seven of whom are mentioned in the poem, along with details about their deaths and burial places. The title ''Ynglingatal'' alludes to Yngling, who had the name Yngve-Frey—another List of names of Freyr, name for Frey, the god who was worshipped in Sweden. Yngling allegedly descended from Frey's son Fjölnir. Snorri portrayed Harald Fairhair as a descendant of the Ynglings. The poem was written on behalf of Ragnvald the Mountain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jötunn
A (also jotun; plural ; in the normalised scholarly spelling of Old Norse, ; or, in Old English, , plural ) is a type of being in Germanic mythology. In Norse mythology, are often contrasted with gods (the Æsir and Vanir) and with other non-human figures, such as dwarf (mythology), dwarfs and elf, elves, although the groupings are not always mutually exclusive. The entities included in the category are referred to by several other terms, including , (or ) and if male and or if female. The typically dwell across boundaries from the gods and humans in lands such as . The are frequently attested throughout the Old Norse records, with also featuring in the Old English epic poem ''Beowulf''. The usage of the terms is dynamic, with an overall trend that the beings become portrayed as less impressive and more negative as Christianity becomes more influential over time. Although the term "giant" is sometimes used to gloss the word "" and its apparent synonyms in some transl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
