|
Form Criticism
Form criticism as a method of biblical criticism classifies units of scripture by literary pattern and then attempts to trace each type to its period of oral transmission."form criticism." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 2 Dec. 2007read online/ref> "Form criticism is the endeavor to get behind the written sources of the Bible to the period of oral tradition, and to isolate the oral forms that went into the written sources. Insofar as this attempts to trace the history of the tradition, it is known as tradition criticism." Form criticism seeks to determine a unit's original form and the historical context of the literary tradition. Hermann Gunkel (1862–1932), Martin Noth, Gerhard von Rad, and other scholars originally developed form criticism for Old Testament studies; they used it to supplement the documentary hypothesis with reference to its oral foundations.Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church. New York: Oxford Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biblical Criticism
Modern Biblical criticism (as opposed to pre-Modern criticism) is the use of critical analysis to understand and explain the Bible without appealing to the supernatural. During the eighteenth century, when it began as ''historical-biblical criticism,'' it was based on two distinguishing characteristics: (1) the concern to avoid dogma and bias by applying a neutral, non-sectarian, reason-based judgment to the study of the Bible, and (2) the belief that the reconstruction of the historical events behind the texts, as well as the history of how the texts themselves developed, would lead to a correct understanding of the Bible. This sets it apart from earlier, pre-critical methods; from the anti-critical methods of those who oppose criticism-based study; from the post-critical orientation of later scholarship; and from the multiple distinct schools of criticism into which it evolved in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. The emergence of biblical criticism is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Four Evangelists
In Christian tradition, the Four Evangelists are Matthew the Apostle, Matthew, Mark the Evangelist, Mark, Luke the Evangelist, Luke, and John the Evangelist, John, the authors attributed with the creation of the four canonical Gospel accounts. In the New Testament, they bear the following titles: the Gospel of Matthew; the Gospel of Mark; the Gospel of Luke; and the Gospel of John. Gospels The gospels of Gospel of Matthew, Matthew, Gospel of Mark, Mark, and Gospel of Luke, Luke are known as the Synoptic Gospels, because they include many of the same stories, often in the same sequence or even verbatim. While the periods to which the gospels are usually dated suggest otherwise, convention traditionally holds that the authors were two of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus, John and Matthew, as well as two "apostolic men", Mark and Luke, whom Orthodox Tradition records as members of the 70 Apostles (Luke 10): * Matthew the Evangelist, Matthew – a former tax collector (Levi) who w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Werner H
Werner may refer to: People * Werner (name), origin of the name and people with this name as surname and given name Fictional characters * Werner (comics), a German comic book character * Werner Von Croy, a fictional character in the ''Tomb Raider'' series * Werner von Strucker, a fictional character in the Marvel Comics universe * Werner, a fictional character in '' Darwin's Soldiers'' * Werner Ziegler, a fictional character from tv show Better Call Saul Geography * Werner, West Virginia * Mount Werner, a mountain that includes the Steamboat Ski Resort, in the Park Range of Colorado * Werner (crater), a crater in the south-central highlands of the Moon * Werner projection, an equal-area map projection preserving distances along parallels, central meridian and from the North pole Companies * Carsey-Werner, an American television and film production studio * Werner Enterprises, a Nebraska-based trucking company * Werner Co., a manufacturer of ladders * Werner Motors, an early ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brant J
Brant may refer to: Places * Brant County, Ontario, Canada ** Brant (electoral district), Ontario, Canada ** Brant North, Ontario, Canada ** Brant South, Ontario, Canada ** Brant South (provincial electoral district), Ontario, Canada ** Brant—Wentworth, Ontario, Canada ** Brantford, Ontario, Canada * Brantville, New Brunswick, Canada * Brant, Alberta, Canada * Brant Broughton, a village in Lincolnshire, England * Brant Fell, a hill in the Lake District, North West England * Brant Island, Massachusetts, United States * Brant Township, Michigan, United States * Brant, New York, United States * Brant Lake, New York, United States * Brant, Wisconsin, United States People * Brant (surname), people with the surname Brant * Brant Alyea, American former professional baseball outfielder * Brant Bjork, American musician * Brant Boyer, American former football linebacker * Brant Brown, American hitting coach * Brant Chambers, Australian rules footballer * Brant Colledge, Au ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richard Bauckham
Richard John Bauckham (; born 22 September 1946) is an English Anglican scholar in theology, historical theology and New Testament studies, specialising in New Testament Christology and the Gospel of John. He is a senior scholar at Ridley Hall, Cambridge. In 2006, Bauckham published his most widely-read work '' Jesus and the Eyewitnesses'', a book that defends the historical reliability of the gospels. Bauckham argues that the synoptic gospels are based "quite closely" on the testimony of eyewitnesses, and the Gospel of John is written by an eyewitness. This opposes the view that the four gospels were written later and not via interviews with direct eyewitnesses, but were rather the result of a longer chain of transmission of stories of Jesus filtered through early Christian communities over time. The book was well-received, earning the 2007 ''Christianity Today'' book award in biblical studies and the Michael Ramsey Prize in 2009. Bauckham updated and expanded the b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Dunn (theologian)
James Douglas Grant Dunn (21 October 1939 – 26 June 2020), also known as Jimmy Dunn, was a British New Testament scholar, who was for many years the Lightfoot Professor of Divinity in the Department of Theology at the University of Durham. He is best known for his work on the New Perspective on Paul, which is also the title of a book he published in 2007. He worked broadly within the Methodist tradition and was a member of the Church of Scotland and the Methodist Church of Great Britain during his life. Biography Dunn was born on 21 October 1939 in Birmingham, England. He had the following degrees: *Bachelor of Science (BSc) in economics and statistics at University of Glasgow, second class honours, 1961. * Bachelor of Divinity (BD) at University of Glasgow, 1964, with distinction. *Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) at University of Cambridge, 1968. *Bachelor of Divinity (BD) at University of Cambridge, 1976. Dunn was licensed as a minister of the Church of Scotland in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martin Hengel
Martin Hengel (14 December 1926 – 2 July 2009) was a German historian of religion, New Testament scholar, and Lutheran theologian, focusing on the Second Temple period and Hellenistic period of ancient Judaism and early Christianity. Early life Hengel was born in 1926 in Reutlingen, south of Stuttgart, at the time part of the Free People's State of Württemberg, Weimar Republic, and grew up in nearby Aalen. In 1943 he was conscripted as a 17-year-old schoolboy into the ''Wehrmacht'' and served in an anti-aircraft battery on the Western Front. In 1945, after one of the final battles of World War II, he threw away his weapons and uniform and walked home from France, completing his schooling in 1946.Obituary in '' |
Genre Criticism
Genre criticism is a method within rhetorical criticism that analyzes texts in terms of their genre: the set of generic expectations, conventions, and constraints that guide their production and interpretation. In rhetoric, the theory of genre provides a means to classify and compare artifacts in terms of their formal, substantive and contextual features. By grouping artifacts with others which have similar formal features or rhetorical exigencies, rhetorical critics can shed light on how authors use or flout conventions for their own purposes. Genre criticism has thus become one of the main methodologies within rhetorical criticism. Literary critics have used the concepts of genres to classify speeches and works of literature since the time of Aristotle, who distinguished three rhetorical genres: the legal or judicial, the deliberative or political, and the ceremonial or epideictic. Since then, rhetorical approaches to genre and understanding of the term "genre" have evolved in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Old Testament Studies
Biblical studies is the academic application of a set of diverse disciplines to the study of the Bible, with ''Bible'' referring to the books of the canonical Hebrew Bible in mainstream Jewish usage and the Christian Bible including the canonical Old Testament and New Testament, respectively.''Introduction to Biblical Studies, Second Edition'' by Steve Moyise (Oct 27, 2004) pages 11–12 For its theory and methods, the field draws on disciplines ranging from ancient history, historical criticism, philology, theology, textual criticism, literary criticism, historical backgrounds, mythology, and comparative religion. Definition The ''Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies'' defines the field as a set of various, and in some cases independent disciplines for the study of the collection of ancient texts generally known as the Bible.''The Oxford Handbook of Biblical Studies'' by J. W. Rogerson and Judith M. Lieu (May 18, 2006) page xvii These disciplines include but are not limited ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rolf Rendtorff
Rolf Rendtorff (1925–2014) was Professor of Old Testament at the University of Heidelberg from 1963 to 1990. He was one of the more significant German Old Testament scholars from the latter half of the twentieth-century and published extensively on various topics related to the Hebrew Bible. Rendtorff was especially notable for his contributions to the question of the origins of the Pentateuch, his adoption of a "canonical criticism, canonical approach" to Old Testament theology, and his concerns over the relationship between Jews and Christians. Biography Rendtorff was born in Preetz, Holstein, Germany on 10 May 1925. After serving in the German Navy (''Kriegsmarine'') during World War II, he studied theology from 1945 to 1950 at the universities of University of Kiel, Kiel, University of Göttingen, Göttingen and University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg. He completed his doctoral studies under the supervision of Gerhard von Rad in 1950, then returned to Göttingen to finish a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hans Heinrich Schmid
Hans Heinrich Schmid (22 October 1937 in Winterthur, Canton of Zürich – 4 October 2014) was a Swiss Protestant Reformed theologian, university professor and university rector. Life He was the son of the Zurich pastor Gotthard Schmid (1909–1968). He studied theology at the Universities of Zurich and Göttingen and received his doctorate in 1965 in Zurich. In the winter semester 1966/67 he was habilitated in Zurich and a year later was appointed as an assistant professor. In 1969, Schmid was made associate professor of Old Testament studies. In 1972, he became the rector of Bethel Theological Seminary (Kirchlichen Hochschule Bethel). In the summer semester 1976 he was professor of Old Testament scholarship and general history of religion at the University of Zurich. From 1988 to 2000 he served as rector of the University of Zurich. During his tenure, in 1998, the University of Zurich became an independent legal entity of the Canton of Zurich. Hans Heinrich Schmid was married i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Van Seters
John Van Seters (May 2, 1935 – April 9, 2025) was a Canadian scholar of the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) and the Ancient Near East. He was a University Distinguished Professor at the University of North Carolina, and James A. Gray Professor of Biblical Literature at UNC. He took his Ph.D. at Yale University in Near Eastern Studies (1965) and a Th.D. h.c. from the University of Lausanne (1999). His honours and awards include a Guggenheim Fellowship, an NEH fellowship, an ACLS Fellowship, and research fellowships at Oxford, Cambridge, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, and National Research Foundation of South Africa. His many publications include '' The Hyksos: A New Investigation'' (1966); ''Abraham in History and Tradition'' (1975); ''In Search of History'' (1983, for which he won the James H. Breasted Prize and the American Academy of Religion book award); ''The Edited Bible'' (2006); and ''The Biblical Saga of King David'' (2009). Van Seters died in Waterloo, Ontario on Apri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
