|
Foramen
In anatomy and osteology, a foramen (; : foramina, or foramens ; ) is an opening or enclosed gap within the dense connective tissue (bones and deep fasciae) of extant and extinct amniote animals, typically to allow passage of nerves, artery, arteries, veins or other soft tissue structures (e.g. muscle tendon) from one body compartment to another. Skull The skulls of vertebrates have foramina through which nerves, arteries, veins, and other structures pass. The human skull has many foramina, collectively referred to as the cranial foramina. Spine Within the vertebral column (spine) of vertebrates, including the Human vertebral column, human spine, each bone has an opening at both its top and bottom to allow nerves, arteries, veins, etc. to pass through. Other * Apical foramen, the hole at the tip of the root of a tooth * Foramen ovale (heart), a hole between the venous and arterial sides of the fetal heart * Vertebra#Cervical vertebrae, Transverse foramen, one of a pair ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Foramen Ovale (heart)
In the fetal heart, the foramen ovale (), also foramen Botalli or the ostium secundum of Born, allows blood to enter the left atrium from the right atrium. It is one of two fetal cardiac shunts, the other being the ductus arteriosus (which allows blood that still escapes to the right ventricle to bypass the pulmonary circulation). Another similar adaptation in the fetus is the ductus venosus. In most individuals, the foramen ovale closes at birth. It later forms the fossa ovalis. Development The foramen ovale () forms in the late fourth week of gestation, as a small passageway between the septum secundum and the ostium secundum. Initially the atria are separated from one another by the septum primum except for a small opening below the septum, the ostium primum. As the septum primum grows, the ostium primum narrows and eventually closes. Before it does so, bloodflow from the inferior vena cava wears down a portion of the septum primum, forming the ostium secundum. Some e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greater Sciatic Foramen
The greater sciatic foramen is an opening (:wikt:foramen, foramen) in the posterior human pelvis. It is formed by the sacrotuberous ligament, sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments. The piriformis muscle passes through the foramen and occupies most of its volume. The greater sciatic foramen is wider in women than in men. Structure It is bounded as follows: * anterolaterally by the greater sciatic notch of the Ilium (bone), ilium. * posteromedially by the sacrotuberous ligament. * inferiorly by the sacrospinous ligament and the ischial spine. * superiorly by the anterior sacroiliac ligament. Function The piriformis, which exits the pelvis through the foramen, occupies most of its volume. The following structures also exit the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen: See also *Lesser sciatic foramen References External links * * (, ) {{Authority control Anatomy Bones of the pelvis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Omental Foramen
In human anatomy, the omental foramen (epiploic foramen, foramen of Winslow after the anatomist Jacob B. Winslow, or uncommonly aditus; ) is the passage of communication, or foramen, between the greater sac, and the lesser sac of the peritoneal cavity. Borders It has the following borders: * ''anterior'': the free border of the lesser omentum, known as the hepatoduodenal ligament. This has two layers and within these layers are the common bile duct, hepatic artery, and hepatic portal vein. * ''posterior'': the peritoneum covering the inferior vena cava * ''superior'': the peritoneum covering the caudate lobe of the liver * ''inferior'': the peritoneum covering the commencement of the duodenum and the hepatic artery, the latter passing forward below the foramen before ascending between the two layers of the lesser omentum. * ''left lateral'': gastrosplenic ligament and splenorenal ligament As the portal vein is the most posterior structure in the hepatoduodenal ligament, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lesser Sciatic Foramen
The lesser sciatic foramen is an opening (foramen) between the pelvis and the back of the thigh. The foramen is formed by the sacrotuberous ligament which runs between the sacrum and the ischial tuberosity and the sacrospinous ligament which runs between the sacrum and the ischial spine. Structure The lesser sciatic foramen has the following boundaries: * Anterior: the tuberosity of the ischium * Superior: the spine of the ischium and sacrospinous ligament * Posterior: the sacrotuberous ligament Alternatively, the foramen can be defined by the boundaries of the lesser sciatic notch and the two ligaments. Function The following pass through the foramen: * the tendon of the obturator internus * internal pudendal vessels * pudendal nerve * nerve to the obturator internus See also *Greater sciatic foramen The greater sciatic foramen is an opening (:wikt:foramen, foramen) in the posterior human pelvis. It is formed by the sacrotuberous ligament, sacrotuberous and sacrospino ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Interventricular Foramina (neuroanatomy)
In the brain, the interventricular foramina (foramina of Monro) are channels that connect the paired lateral ventricles with the third ventricle at the midline of the brain. As channels, they allow cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produced in the lateral ventricles to reach the third ventricle and then the rest of the brain's ventricular system. The walls of the interventricular foramina also contain choroid plexus, a specialized CSF-producing structure, that is continuous with that of the lateral and third ventricles above and below it. Structure The interventricular foramina are two holes (, pl. ''foramina'') that connect the left and the right lateral ventricles to the third ventricle. They are located on the underside near the midline of the lateral ventricles, and join the third ventricle where its roof meets its anterior surface. In front of the foramen is the fornix and behind is the thalamus. The foramen is normally crescent-shaped, but rounds and increases in size depending o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apical Foramen
In dental anatomy, the apical foramen, literally translated "small opening of the apex," is the tooth's natural opening, found at the root's very tip—that is, the root apex — whereby an artery, vein, and nerve enter the tooth and commingle with the tooth's internal soft tissue, called pulp. Additionally, the apical foramen is the point where the pulp meets the periodontal tissues, the connective tissues that surround and support the tooth. The foramen is located 0.5mm to 1.5mm from the apex of the tooth. Each tooth has an apical foramen. Characteristics The average size of the orifice is 0.3 to 0.4 mm in diameter. There can be two or more foramina separated by a portion of dentin and cementum or by cementum only. If more than one foramen is present on each root, the largest one is designated as the apical foramen and the rest are considered accessory foramina. Apical delta Apical delta refers to the branching pattern of small accessory canals and minor foramina seen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vertebra
Each vertebra (: vertebrae) is an irregular bone with a complex structure composed of bone and some hyaline cartilage, that make up the vertebral column or spine, of vertebrates. The proportions of the vertebrae differ according to their spinal segment and the particular species. The basic configuration of a vertebra varies; the vertebral body (also ''centrum'') is of bone and bears the load of the vertebral column. The upper and lower surfaces of the vertebra body give attachment to the intervertebral discs. The posterior part of a vertebra forms a vertebral arch, in eleven parts, consisting of two pedicles (pedicle of vertebral arch), two laminae, and seven processes. The laminae give attachment to the ligamenta flava (ligaments of the spine). There are vertebral notches formed from the shape of the pedicles, which form the intervertebral foramina when the vertebrae articulate. These foramina are the entry and exit conduits for the spinal nerves. The body of the vertebr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obturator Foramen
The obturator foramen is the large, Bilateral symmetry, bilaterally paired opening of the bony pelvis. It is formed by the pubis and ischium. It is mostly closed by the obturator membrane except for a small opening, the obturator canal, through which the obturator nerve and vessels pass. Structure The obturator foramen is situated inferior and somewhat anterior to the acetabulum. It is bounded by the pubis bone and the ischium: superiorly by the (grooved obturator surface) of the Superior rami of the pubes, superior ramus of pubis, inferiorly by the Ischium#Structure, ramus of ischium, and laterally by (the anterior edge of) the body of ischium (including by the margin of the acetabulum). The margin of the foramen is thin and uneven, and gives attachment to the obturator membrane. Superiorly, it presents a deep groove - the obturator groove - which passes obliquely inferomedially from the pelvis. The foramen is largely closed by the obturator membrane save for a small opening at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Human Skull
The skull, or cranium, is typically a bony enclosure around the brain of a vertebrate. In some fish, and amphibians, the skull is of cartilage. The skull is at the head end of the vertebrate. In the human, the skull comprises two prominent parts: the neurocranium and the facial skeleton, which evolved from the first pharyngeal arch. The skull forms the frontmost portion of the axial skeleton and is a product of cephalization and vesicular enlargement of the brain, with several special senses structures such as the eyes, ears, nose, tongue and, in fish, specialized tactile organs such as barbels near the mouth. The skull is composed of three types of bone: cranial bones, facial bones and ossicles, which is made up of a number of fused flat and irregular bones. The cranial bones are joined at firm fibrous junctions called sutures and contains many foramina, fossae, processes, and sinuses. In zoology, the openings in the skull are called fenestrae, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Greater Sac
In human anatomy, the greater sac, also known as the general cavity (of the abdomen) or peritoneum of the peritoneal cavity proper, is the cavity in the abdomen that is inside the peritoneum but outside the lesser sac. It is connected with the lesser sac via the omental foramen, also known as the ''foramen of Winslow'' or ''epiploic foramen'', which is anteriorly bounded by the portal triad – portal vein, hepatic artery, and common bile duct. Additional images File:Gray989.png, Schematic figure of the bursa omentalis, etc. Human embryo of eight weeks. File:Gray990.png, Diagrams to illustrate the development of the greater omentum and transverse mesocolon. See also * Coelom * Greater omentum * Lesser omentum * Omental bursa (Lesser sac) * Omental foramen (Epiploic foramen, Foramen of Winslow) * Peritoneum The peritoneum is the serous membrane forming the lining of the abdominal cavity or coelom in amniotes and some invertebrates, such as annelids. It covers most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Skull
The skull, or cranium, is typically a bony enclosure around the brain of a vertebrate. In some fish, and amphibians, the skull is of cartilage. The skull is at the head end of the vertebrate. In the human, the skull comprises two prominent parts: the neurocranium and the facial skeleton, which evolved from the first pharyngeal arch. The skull forms the frontmost portion of the axial skeleton and is a product of cephalization and vesicular enlargement of the brain, with several special senses structures such as the eyes, ears, nose, tongue and, in fish, specialized tactile organs such as barbels near the mouth. The skull is composed of three types of bone: cranial bones, facial bones and ossicles, which is made up of a number of fused flat and irregular bones. The cranial bones are joined at firm fibrous junctions called sutures and contains many foramina, fossae, processes, and sinuses. In zoology, the openings in the skull are called fenestrae, the most ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lesser Sac
The lesser sac, also known as the omental bursa, is a part of the peritoneal cavity that is formed by the lesser omentum, lesser and greater omentum. Usually found in mammals, it is connected with the greater sac via the omental foramen or ''Foramen of Winslow''. In mammals, it is common for the lesser sac to contain considerable amounts of fat. Anatomic margins ;Anterior margin: listed from the top-to-bottom margin: Caudate lobe of the liver, lesser omentum, stomach, gastrocolic ligament ;Lateral margin: listed from the most anterior to the most posterior margin: Gastrosplenic ligament, spleen, Lienorenal ligament ;Posterior margin: Left kidney and adrenal gland, pancreas ;Inferior margin: Greater omentum ;Superior margin: Liver If any of the marginal structures rupture their contents could leak into the lesser sac. If the stomach were to rupture on its anterior side though the leak would collect in the greater sac. The lesser sac is formed during embryogenesis from an inf ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
