Focal-JMLab
Focal Opal 19ti Focal-JMlab is a French company that has been designing and selling high fidelity audio systems since 1979. Based in Saint-Étienne, the company manufactures loudspeakers for the home, speaker drivers for automobiles, headphones, professional studio monitors, as well as outdoor speakers and systems dedicated to yachts. The Grande Utopia is the brand's emblematic loudspeaker, which earned the company its worldwide reputation. It is considered one of the best high-fidelity loudspeakers in the world. Focal's industrial strategy concentrates on having full control over the entire production process, from the design and manufacturing of the speaker drivers to the assembly of the final product. Its products are entirely designed and developed in France, and the majority of the production is carried out at the workshops in Saint-Étienne (France). Focal has been a member of the Comité Colbert since 2024. Focal-JMlab generates a €156 million annual turnover and empl ...
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Naim Audio
Naim Audio is a British High fidelity, hi-fi manufacturer based in Wiltshire, United Kingdom. The company was founded in 1973. Following a 2011 merger with French loudspeaker manufacturer Focal-JMLab, Focal, Naim is owned by VerVent Audio Group. History Naim began when Julian Vereker started Naim Audio Visual in 1969 and created a sound-to-light box that he hired out to film production companies. He designed his own power amplifier. The company Naim Audio was incorporated in 1973.Price, DavidNaim That Tume. ''Hi-Fi World Magazine''. Archived froon 23 November 2010 The convention at the time – dating back to audio pioneer Edgar Villchur – It was believed that the loudspeakers determined the sound of a hi-fi system, and amplifiers were simply a means to drive the speakers. Amplifiers The first product Naim put on the market was the NAP160 power electronic amplifier, amplifier; it was followed by the NAC12 pre-amplifier.Everard, Andrew (6 June 2013).A famous Naim for 40 yea ...
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Focal JM Lab Opal 19ti Crop
Focal or FOCAL may refer to: *Focal (lexicographical website), an Irish lexicographical website *FOCAL (programming language), a programming language for the PDP-8 and similar machines *Focal (HP-41), for programming HP calculators *FOCAL (spacecraft), a proposed space telescope *FOCAL International, a trade body representing the film archive industry *Focal-JMLab, a French manufacturer of audio equipment *Focal Radio, a radio station based in Stoke-on-Trent, England *Focal neurologic signs See also *Focal point (other) *Focus (other) Focus (: foci or focuses) may refer to: Arts * Focus or Focus Festival, former name of the Adelaide Fringe arts festival in East Australia Film * ''Focus'' (2001 film), a 2001 film based on the Arthur Miller novel * ''Focus'' (2015 film), a 201 ...

Bourbon-Lancy
Bourbon-Lancy is a commune in the Saône-et-Loire department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. It is a rural town on the river Loire with a walled medieval area on the dominant hill. It has an authentic medieval belfry, wooden frame houses and fortifications which date from 1495. Geography The commune is located primarily on the right bank of the Loire, the river running through the far west corner of its territory. History Situated in Burgundy on the road from Paris to Lyon, and on the Loire River, the city's history spans well over 2000 years. Bourbon-Lancy is a spa town with thermal springs which have been known since Roman times, when it was known as ''Aquae Bormonis'' and enjoyed great prosperity. In the Middle Ages, Bourbon-Lancy was an important stronghold and a fief of the Bourbon family, and its suffix is derived from the name of a member of the family. Cardinal Richelieu, Madame de Sévigné, James II of England, Catherine de Medici and ot ...
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La Talaudière
La Talaudière () is a commune in the Loire department in central France. Population Twin towns La Talaudière is twinned with: * Sio, Mali * Küssaberg, Germany See also *Communes of the Loire department The following is a list of the 320 communes of the Loire department of France. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2025):

Frequency Response
In signal processing and electronics, the frequency response of a system is the quantitative measure of the magnitude and Phase (waves), phase of the output as a function of input frequency. The frequency response is widely used in the design and analysis of systems, such as audio system, audio and control systems, where they simplify mathematical analysis by converting governing differential equations into algebraic equations. In an audio system, it may be used to minimize audible distortion by designing components (such as microphones, Audio power amplifier, amplifiers and loudspeakers) so that the overall response is as flat (uniform) as possible across the system's Bandwidth (signal processing), bandwidth. In control systems, such as a vehicle's cruise control, it may be used to assess system Stability theory, stability, often through the use of Bode plots. Systems with a specific frequency response can be designed using analog filter, analog and digital filters. The frequency ...
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Rimac Automobili
Rimac Automobili (, ) is a Croatian automotive manufacturer headquartered in Sveta Nedelja, Zagreb County, Sveta Nedelja, Croatia, that develops and produces electric car, electric sports cars. Its sister company, Rimac Technology (part of the Rimac Group) also produces drivetrains and battery systems for automotive businesses. The company was founded in 2009 by Mate Rimac and now sits under the Bugatti Rimac joint company, which includes both Bugatti Automobiles and Rimac Automobili. Rimac Automobili's first model, the Rimac Concept One, Concept One, was allegedly the world's fastest production electric vehicle, even though only 8 of them were ever produced. During the 88th Geneva Motor Show, Geneva International Motor Show in 2018, the company unveiled its second model, the Rimac Nevera. History The groundwork for the company was laid in 2007 as a hobby garage activity of Mate Rimac. Working on his own, he converted his BMW 3 Series (E30) to incorporate an electric powertrai ...
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Opel
Opel Automobile GmbH (), usually shortened to Opel, is a German automobile manufacturer which has been a subsidiary of Stellantis since 16 January 2021. It was owned by the American automaker General Motors from 1929 until 2017 and the PSA Group prior to its merger with Fiat Chrysler Automobiles to form Stellantis in 2021. Most of the Opel lineup is marketed under the Vauxhall Motors, Vauxhall brand in the United Kingdom since the 1980s. Some Opel vehicles were badge engineering, badge-engineered in Australia under the Holden brand until 2020, in North America and China under the Buick, Saturn Corporation, Saturn (until 2010), and Cadillac brands, and in South America under the Chevrolet brand. Opel traces its roots to a sewing machine manufacturer founded by Adam Opel in 1862 in Rüsselsheim am Main. The company began manufacturing bicycles in 1886 and produced its first automobile in 1899. With the Opel RAK program, the world's first rocket program, under the leadership of F ...
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Alpine A110 (2017)
The Alpine A110 is a rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive sports car introduced by French car manufacturer Alpine () at the 87th Geneva International Motor Show in March 2017. Deliveries began in late 2017 for Continental European markets and in 2018 for the UK, Japan and Australia. Both its name and design refer back to the original Alpine A110 that was produced from 1961 to 1977. Specifications Based on an all-aluminium construction, the A110 is powered by a Nissan-derived 1.8-litre turbocharged gasoline direct injection 4 valves per cylinder inline-four engine mated to a 7-speed dual-clutch transmission manufactured by Getrag. Developed by Renault–Nissan and reworked by Alpine engineers, the engine has an output of at 6,000 rpm and of torque at 2,000–5,000 rpm. According to Alpine, the A110 can accelerate from in 4.5 seconds, and has an electronically limited top speed of . The A110 was initially available in three trims: Pure, Première, and Legende. The Pure c ...
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Automobiles Alpine
Société des Automobiles Alpine SAS, commonly known as Alpine (, ), is a French manufacturer of sports cars and Auto racing, racing cars established in 1955. The Alpine car marque was created in 1954. Jean Rédélé, the founder of Alpine, was originally a Dieppe, Seine-Maritime, Dieppe garage proprietor who began to achieve success in motorsport with the Renault 4CV, one of the few French cars produced after the Second World War. The company has been closely associated to Renault throughout its history, and was bought by it in 1973. The Alpine competition department merged into Renault Sport in 1976 and the production of Alpine-badged models ceased in 1995. The Alpine brand was relaunched with the 2017 introduction of the new Alpine A110 (2017), Alpine A110. In January 2021, as part of a company revamp, Renault announced that Renault Sport was again merged into Alpine to form an Alpine business unit. In 2024, Alpine started producing electric vehicles by rolling out the Alpi ...
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DS Automobiles
DS Automobiles is a French Luxury car, luxury-Premium segment, premium marque created in 2009. Formerly part of Automobiles Citroën, Automobiles Citroën S.A., DS has been a standalone brand ultimately owned by PSA Group, later Stellantis. The independent DS marque was created in 2014 from the former ''DS'' Brand#Subbranding, subbrand and line of models of Citroën cars made since 2009, although it had been separated from Citroën in Asia since 2012. DS can be an abbreviation of Different Spirit or Distinctive Series, although it is also considered a nod to the classic executive car Citroën DS. The name is also a play on words, as in French language, French it is pronounced like the word ', meaning "goddess". History The PSA Group originally consisted of three automobile brands, Peugeot, Citroën and the soon dropped Talbot (automobile), Talbot, but none was considered a "premium" brand. Since 1976, PSA has experimented with differentiating the brands by price level, similar ...
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Peugeot
Peugeot (, , ) is a French automobile brand owned by Stellantis. The family business that preceded the current Peugeot companies was established in 1810, making it the oldest car company in the world. On 20 November 1858, Émile Peugeot applied for the lion trademark. Armand Peugeot (1849–1915) built the company's first vehicle, a Steam car, steam-powered tricycle. In 1886, the company collaborated with Léon Serpollet, followed by the development of an internal combustion car in 1890, which used a Panhard-Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft, Daimler engine. The Peugeot family and company are originally from Sochaux, where Peugeot still operates a large manufacturing facility and the Musée de l'Aventure Peugeot, Peugeot Museum. Peugeot vehicles have received numerous international accolades, including six European Car of the Year awards. The brand also boasts over a century of success in motorsport, with victories including the Indianapolis 500 in 1913, 1916, and 1919. Peugeot Spo ...
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Recording Studio
A recording studio is a specialized facility for Sound recording and reproduction, recording and Audio mixing, mixing of instrumental or vocal musical performances, spoken words, and other sounds. They range in size from a small in-home project studio large enough to record a single singer-guitarist, to a large building with space for a full orchestra of 100 or more musicians. Ideally, both the Studio recording, recording and monitoring (listening and mixing) spaces are specially designed by an acoustician or audio engineer to achieve optimum acoustic properties (acoustic isolation or diffusion or absorption of reflected sound reverberation that could otherwise interfere with the sound heard by the listener). Recording studios may be used to record singers, instrumental musicians (e.g., electric guitar, piano, saxophone, or ensembles such as orchestras), voice-over artists for advertisements or Dubbing, dialogue replacement in film, television, or animation, Foley (filmmaking) ...
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