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First Republic Of Pińczów
The Republic of Pińczów () was an area of Pińczów and the surrounding area which was liberated at the end of 1918 for a period of six weeks by the city's inhabitants, led by Jan Lisowski, after the disarmament of Austrian troops without a fight. History The city was seized at the end of 1918 after an action carried out by a group of about 150 people, consisting of members of the fire brigade and residents. The group that disarmed the Austro-Hungarian Army's occupation unit consisting of Hungarians without a fight was commanded by Jan Lisowski, an activist of the SDKPiL. As agricultural strikes took place in the powiat, a punitive expedition was sent to Rosiejów (the most inflammatory place), which sent the striking fornals to the farm buildings. The strikers were released after the relief organized by Jan Lisowski. Due to this event, Lisowski was arrested and imprisoned. There was also a former Austrian officer Kalinka, pseudonym "Kazuń", leading a group spreading social ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Revolutions Of 1917–1923
The revolutions of 1917–1923 were a revolutionary wave that included political unrest and armed revolts around the world inspired by the success of the Russian Revolution and the disorder created by the aftermath of World War I. The uprisings were mainly Socialism, socialist or anti-Colonialism, colonial in nature. Most socialist revolts failed to create lasting socialist states. The revolutions had lasting effects in shaping the future European political landscape, with, for example, the German Revolution of 1918–1919, collapse of the German Empire and the dissolution of Austria-Hungary. World War I mobilized millions of troops, reshaped political powers and drove social turmoil. From the turmoil outright revolutions broke out, massive strikes occurred, and many soldiers mutinied. In Russian Empire, Russia, the Emperor of all the Russias, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, Nicholas II abdicated during the February Revolution. The short-lived liberal Russian Provisional Government w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bataliony Chłopskie
Peasant Battalions (, abbreviated BCh) was a Polish resistance movement, guerrilla and partisan organisation, during World War II. The organisation was created in mid-1940 by the agrarian political party People's Party and by 1944 was partially integrated with the Armia Krajowa (Home Army). At its height, in summer 1944 the organisation had 160,000 members. History Initially after the occupation of Poland by the Soviet Union and Germany, the peasant parties were reluctant to forming their own armed resistance forces. Since mid-1940 several smaller groups were formed, mostly for self-defence of Polish peasants against German terror and economic policies. Most of members of peasant parties grouped into CKRL (''Central Directorate of Peasant Movement'') who received military training before the war were transferred to other armed resistance organizations, most notably to ZWZ. However, in early 1941 it was decided that an armed force be created. The core of the newly formed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kraków
, officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 (2023), with approximately 8 million additional people living within a radius. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596, and has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life. Cited as one of Europe's most beautiful cities, its Kraków Old Town, Old Town was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978, one of the world's first sites granted the status. The city began as a Hamlet (place), hamlet on Wawel Hill and was a busy trading centre of Central Europe in 985. In 1038, it became the seat of King of Poland, Polish monarchs from the Piast dynasty, and subsequently served as the centre of administration under Jagiellonian dynasty, Jagiellonian kings and of the Polish–Lithuan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sejny Uprising
The Sejny Uprising or Seinai Revolt (, ) refers to a Polish uprising against the Lithuanian authorities in August 1919 in the ethnically mixed area surrounding the town of Sejny (). When German forces, which occupied the territory during World War I, retreated from the area in May 1919, they turned over administration to the Lithuanians. Trying to prevent an armed conflict between Poland and Lithuania, the Entente drew a demarcation line, known as the Foch Line. The line assigned much of the disputed Suwałki (Suvalkai) Region to Poland and required the Lithuanian Army to retreat. While the Lithuanians retreated from some areas, they refused to leave Sejny (Seinai), because of its major Lithuanian population. Polish irregular forces began the uprising on August 23, 1919, and soon received support from the regular Polish Army. After several military skirmishes, Polish forces secured Sejny and the Lithuanians retreated behind the Foch Line. The uprising did not solve the larger ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Republic Of Pińczów
Republic of Pińczów (; ) was a name of short-lived entity in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship liberated by joint forces of Polish Resistance formations: Armia Krajowa, Home Army, Armia Ludowa, People's Army and Bataliony Chłopskie, Peasants' Battalions, during a period from July 21 to August 12, 1944. Power in the Republic belonged to delegate of Polish Government in Exile and local commander of the Home Army Forces. There was also a separate authority for the communist forces which did not recognize the London-based government-in-exile. The Republic collapsed due to concentration of Wehrmacht nearby and lack of supplies. The anniversary of the creation of the Pińczów Republic is commemorated by local Polish authorities. See also * First Republic of Pińczów References Poland in World War II States and territories established in 1944 States and territories disestablished in 1944 1944 disestablishments in Poland Home Army {{mil-hist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of Zakopane
The Republic of Zakopane (or Commonwealth of Zakopane; ) refers to an area in Galicia centered on the city of Zakopane that created its own parliament ("National Organisation") on October 13, 1918. The parliament's principal goal was to join an independent state of Poland. On October 30, the Organisation officially declared its independence from Austria-Hungary and, two days later, made itself a "National Council". This was eventually disestablished on November 16 when the Polish Liquidation Committee took control of Galicia. The Republic's only president was the Polish writer Stefan Żeromski. See also * First Republic of Pińczów * Goralenvolk * Komańcza Republic * Lemko Republic * Republic of Gniew * Republic of Ostrów * Republic of Tarnobrzeg References Zakopane Zakopane (Gorals#Language, Podhale Goral: ''Zokopane'') is a town in the south of Poland, in the southern part of the Podhale region at the foot of the Tatra Mountains. From 1975 to 1998, it was pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of Tarnobrzeg
The Republic of Tarnobrzeg (, ) was a short-lived political entity, proclaimed on 6 November 1918 in the Polish town of Tarnobrzeg. Its main founders were two socialist activists, Tomasz Dąbal and Eugeniusz Okoń. History The idea of the Republic had its roots in mass demonstrations of peasants, which were taking place almost on a daily basis in the fall of 1918. Tarnobrzeg had been part of Austria-Hungary (Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria) and the dissolution of this entity created a political unrest. On 6 November, after a demonstration with some 30,000 people, local peasants decided to take advantage of it and seize power. As news of the Russian Revolution came to Tarnobrzeg, socialist activists decided to follow Communist ideas. They demanded the liquidation of capitalist government and the introduction of a land reform, which would result in taking away land from rich owners and giving it to the poor peasantry. Also, directed by Okoń and Dąbal, the peasants started ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of Ostrowiec
These lists of historical unrecognized or partially recognized states give an overview of extinct Geopolitics, geopolitical entities that wished to be recognized as sovereign states, but did not enjoy worldwide diplomatic recognition. The entries listed here had ''de facto'' control over significant claimed territory and were self-governing with a desire for full independence or, if they lacked such control over their territory, they were recognized by at least one other recognized nation. Criteria for inclusion The criteria for inclusion in this list are similar to those of the list of states with limited recognition. To be included here, a polity must have claimed Sovereign state, sovereignty, have not been recognized by any widely accepted state for a significant portion of its ''de facto'' existence, and either: * had a population and an organized government with a capacity to enter into relations with other states; or * had ''de facto'' control over a territory or a signif ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of Ostrów
The Republic of Ostrów () was a short-lived autonomous republic in the Polish area of Ostrów Wielkopolski. The republic, declared on 10 November 1918, Gazeta OstrowskaPrzewrót bez jednego wystrzału/ref>Dwutygodnik Opiekun/ref> intended to liberate Poles from Prussia and the German Empire. It was formed about a month before the Greater Poland Uprising. Background The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was partitioned by Russia, Prussia and Austria during the 18th century. In the second partition, the Greater Poland region, including the town of Ostrów were annexed by Prussia. Throughout the 19th century and into the start of the 20th, the town and the region were a center of the Polish independence movement. End of German rule During the autumn of 1918, the imminent defeat of Germany and Austria-Hungary in the First World War and the dissolution of the Russian Empire following the Russian Revolution raised the possibility that an independent Polish state could be re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Republic Of Gniew
The Republic of Gniew () was a state established on 7 July 1919 in the town of Gniew in the aftermath of World War I. The city-state had a functioning legislature and executive, alongside a volunteer paramilitary force. Background Following the end of World War I, the Second Polish Republic, Republic of Poland was founded. However, the lands around the town of Gniew remained under the administration of the Free State of Prussia. On 18 November 1918, Polish activists, including Aleksander Kupczyński and Franciszek Czarnowski, established a People's Council in Gniew, which began to agitate for the area to become part of the new Polish state. In response, paramilitary units, led by Gerhard Roßbach, were sent to the area to quell Polish activism. Establishment Uncertain about the future prospects of joining Poland, the residents of Gniew organized a people's militia on 7 July 1919, which became the founding date of the Republic of Gniew. Czarnowski became President of the '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
