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Fernão Carrilho
Fernão Carrilho (ca. 1640 – ca. 1703) was an army officer and administrator in Colonial Brazil. In 1676–77, he led an attack on the ''quilombo'' Palmares, during which its leader Ganga Zumba was wounded and some of his children and grandchildren were captured. He was captain-major of Ceará (when it was subordinate to Pernambuco) between 1693 and 1695, and in 1699. He was governor of Maranhão from June 1701 to July 1702. During this time, he held various harassment campaigns against the Indigenous people on the island Marajó Marajó () is a large coastal island in the state of Pará, Brazil. It is the main and largest of the islands in the Marajó Archipelago. Marajó Island is separated from the mainland by Marajó Bay, Pará River, smaller rivers (especially M ..., including the Aruã. References {{DEFAULTSORT:Carrilho, Fernao Portuguese colonial governors and administrators ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colonial Brazil
Colonial Brazil (), sometimes referred to as Portuguese America, comprises the period from 1500, with the Discovery of Brazil, arrival of the Portuguese, until 1815, when Brazil was elevated to a United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves, kingdom in union with Portugal. During the 300 years of Brazilian colonial history, the main economic activities of the territory were based first on Paubrasilia, brazilwood extraction (brazilwood cycle), which gave the territory its name; sugar production (Brazilian sugar cycle, sugar cycle); and finally on gold and diamond mining (Brazilian Gold Rush, gold cycle). Slaves, especially those Atlantic slave trade to Brazil, brought from Africa, provided most of the workforce of the Brazilian export economy after a brief initial period of Indigenous slavery to cut brazilwood. In contrast to the neighboring Spanish America, Spanish possessions, which had several Viceroy, viceroyalties with jurisdiction initially over New Spain (Mexico) and V ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quilombo
A ''quilombo'' (); from the Kimbundu word , ) is a Brazilian hinterland town, settlement founded by people of Afro-Brazilians, African origin, and others sometimes called Carabali. Most of the inhabitants of quilombos, called quilombolas, were maroons, a term for escaped slaves. Documentation about refugee slave communities typically uses the term mocambo (settlement), mocambo for settlements, which is an Ambundu word meaning "war camp". A mocambo is typically much smaller than a quilombo. "Quilombo" was not used until the 1670s, primarily in the more southerly parts of Brazil. In the Spanish language, Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America, such villages or camps were called . Its inhabitants are . They spoke various Spanish language, Spanish-African languages, African-based creole languages such as Palenquero. Quilombos are classified as one of the three basic forms of active resistance by enslaved Africans. They also regularly attempted to seize power and conducted ar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palmares (quilombo)
Palmares, or Quilombo dos Palmares, was a ''quilombo'', a community of escaped slaves and others, in colonial Brazil that developed from 1605 until its suppression in 1694. It was located in the captaincy of Pernambuco, in what is today the Brazilian state of Alagoas. The quilombo was located in what is now the municipality of União dos Palmares. Background The modern tradition has been to call the community the ''Quilombo of Palmares''. ''Quilombos'' were settlements mainly of survivors and free-born enslaved African people. The ''quilombos'' came into existence when Africans began arriving in Brazil in the mid-1530s and grew significantly as slavery expanded. No contemporary document called Palmares a ''quilombo''; instead the term '' mocambo'' was used. Palmares was home to not only escaped enslaved Africans, but also to Indigenous peoples, caboclos, and poor or marginalized Portuguese settlers, especially Portuguese soldiers trying to escape forced military service. Ove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganga Zumba
Nganga Nzumba () (c. 1630 - 1678) was the first leader of the massive runaway slave settlement of Quilombo dos Palmares, or Angola Janga, in the present-day state of Alagoas, Brazil. Zumba was enslaved and escaped bondage on a sugar plantation and eventually rose to the position of highest authority within the kingdom of Palmares, and the corresponding title of ''Ganga Zumba''. The name Although some Portuguese documents regard Ganga Zumba as his proper name, and this name is widely used today, the most important of the documents translates the name as "Great Lord." In Kikongo, ''nganga a nzumbi'' was "the priest responsible for the spiritual defense of the community" which was a ''kilombo'' or military settlement made up multiple groups. A letter written to him by the governor of Pernambuco in 1678 and now found in the Archives of the University of Coimbra, calls him "Ganazumba," which is a better translation of "Great Lord" (in Kimbundu). Early life Ganga is said to hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Captaincy Of Ceará
The Captaincy of Ceará () was one of the administrative subdivisions of Brazilian territory during the Colonial Brazil, colonial period of Portuguese America. It was created in 1534 along with thirteen other Captaincies of Brazil, hereditary captaincies and granted by John III of Portugal, John III, King of Portugal, to the so-called ''donatários.'' Initially, it was donated to Antônio Cardoso de Barros, subordinate of Fernão Álvares de Andrade and D. António de Ataíde, Antônio de Ataíde. History Background Portuguese colonization of the Americas, European colonization in America effectively began in 1534, when King John III divided the territory into fourteen hereditary captaincies and gave them to twelve ''donatários'', who could exploit the land's resources, but in exchange had to populate and protect the regions. Since the 15th century, the system of captaincies had been used by the Portuguese Empire on the islands of Madeira and Cape Verde. In a letter addressed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Captaincy Of Pernambuco
The Captaincy of Pernambuco or New Lusitania () was a hereditary land grant and administrative subdivision of northern Portuguese Brazil during the colonial period from 1534 to 1821, with a brief interruption from 1630 to 1654 when it was part of Dutch Brazil. At the time of the Independence of Brazil, it became a province of United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. Captaincies were originally horizontal tracts of land (generally) 50 leagues wide extending from the Atlantic Ocean to the Treaty of Tordesillas#Tordesillas meridian, Tordesillas meridian. During the earliest years of colonial Brazil, the Captaincy of Pernambuco was one of only two prosperous captaincies in Brazil (the other being Captaincy of São Vicente), primarily due to growing sugar cane. As a result of the failure of other captaincies, in part due to the invasion of the Northeast coast of Brazil by the Dutch during the Seventeenth Century, Pernambuco's geographical area grew as failed captaincies wer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Of Maranhão (colonial)
The State of Maranhão () was the northern of two 17–18th century administrative divisions of the colonial Portuguese Empire in South America. History In 1621 the Governorate General of Brazil was separated into two states; the State of Brazil and the State of Maranhão. The state was created on 13 June 1621 by Philip II of Portugal. With the creation of the state Portuguese America had two administrative units: the State of Maranhão with its capital in São Luís, and the State of Brazil whose capital was São Salvador. After the 1670s Belem became the operational base of the Maranhão governors and it was formally designated the state capital in 1737. The purpose of creating this state was to improve military defense in the Northern Region and stimulate economic activities and regional trade with the mainland. The State of Maranhão was extinguished in 1652 and in 1654 reconstituted as Maranhão and Grão-Pará. In 1751 the State of Maranhão and Grão-Pará had it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marajó
Marajó () is a large coastal island in the state of Pará, Brazil. It is the main and largest of the islands in the Marajó Archipelago. Marajó Island is separated from the mainland by Marajó Bay, Pará River, smaller rivers (especially Macacos and Tajapuru), Companhia River, Jacaré Grande River, Vieira Grande Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. From approximately 400 BC to 1600 AD, Marajó was the site of an advanced pre-Cabraline society called the Marajoara culture, which may have numbered more than 100,000 people at its peak. Today, the island is known for its large water buffalo population, as well as the ''pororoca'' tidal bore periodically exhibited by high tides overcoming the usual complex hydrodynamic interactions in the surrounding rivers. It is the second-largest island in South America, and the 35th largest island in the world. With a land area of Marajó is comparable in size to Switzerland. Its maximum span is long and in perpendicular width. Geography ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aruã People
The Aruã were an Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Indigenous people in Brazil. In the 17th and 18th Century, they lived near the mouth of the Amazon River. Their stronghold was on the island Caviana, with a large presence in the north-east of the island Marajó. The Aruã language belongs to the Arawakan languages, Arawakan family. Name Through the centuries, people who described the Aruã have used different spellings for their name. When ethnographist Domingos Soares Ferreira Penna, Ferreira Penna spoke in 1877 with the last Aruã in the town Afuá, who was around 75 years old, he self-designated their people as ''Àroanáuintá''. The first written mention of their name is in documents from 1621 by the Irish settler Bernard O'Brien, who spells it as ''Arrua''. On maps of Guyana by Joannes de Laet from the year 1625, a group of islands north of Marajó is denoted ''Arouen I.'' Walloon Huguenot Jessé de Forest wrote about the ''Arouen'' who "wear their hair long like women". ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
