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Fereydun
Fereydun (, ; New Persian: , ''Fereydūn/Farīdūn'') is an Iranian mythical king and hero from the Pishdadian dynasty. He is known as an emblem of victory, justice, and generosity in Persian literature. According to Abolala Soudavar, Fereydun is partially a reflection of Cyrus the Great (), the first Achaemenid King of Kings. Etymology All of the forms of the name shown above derive, by regular sound laws, from Proto-Iranian ''*Θraitauna-'' (Avestan ''Θraētaona-'') and Proto-Indo-Iranian ''*Traitaunas''. Traitaunas is a derivative (with augmentative suffix -una/-auna) of ''Tritas'', the name of a deity or hero reflected in the Vedic '' Trita'' and the Avestan ''Θrita''. Both names are identical to the adjective meaning "the third", a term used of a minor deity associated with two other deities to form a triad. In the Indian Vedas, Trita is associated with thunder gods and wind gods. Trita is also called ''Āptya'', a name that is probably cognate with '' Āθβiya'', t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azhi Dahaka
Zahhāk or Zahāk () (), also known as Zahhak the Snake Shoulder (), is an evil figure in Persian mythology, evident in ancient Persian folklore as Azhi Dahāka (), the name by which he also appears in the texts of the ''Avesta''. In Middle Persian he is called Dahāg () or Bēvar Asp () the latter meaning "he who has 10,000 horses". In Zoroastrianism, Zahhak (going under the name Aži Dahāka) is considered the son of Ahriman, the foe of Ahura Mazda. In the ''Shahnameh, Shāhnāmeh'' of Ferdowsi, Zahhāk is the son of a ruler named Merdās. Etymology and derived words ''Aži'' (nominative ''ažiš'') is the Avestan word for "serpent" or "dragon". It is cognate to the Vedic Sanskrit word ''ahi'', "snake", and without a sinister implication. The original meaning of ''dahāka'' is uncertain. Among the meanings suggested are "stinging" (source uncertain), "burning" (cf. Sanskrit ''dahana''), "man" or "manlike" (cf. Saka language, Khotanese ''daha''), "huge" or "foreign" (cf. the Da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pishdadian Dynasty
The Pishdadian dynasty ( ) is a mythical line of primordial kings featured in Zoroastrian belief and Persian mythology. They are presented in legend as originally rulers of the world but whose realm was eventually limited to ''Ērānshahr'' or Greater Iran. Although there are scattered references to them in the Zoroastrian scriptures—the Avesta—and later Pahlavi literature, it is through the 11th-century Iranian national epic, the ''Shahnameh'', that the canonical form of their legends is known. From the 9th century, Muslim writers, notably Tabari, re-told many of the Pishdadian legends in prose histories and other works. The Pishdadian kings and the stories relating to them have no basis in historical fact, however. According to the ''Shahnameh'', the Pishdadians were the first Iranian peoples, Iranian dynasty, pre-dating the historical Achaemenids, and ruling for a period of over two thousand years. Their progenitor was Keyumars, the first human and the "Zoroastrian Adam". H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salm (Shahnameh)
Salm () or Sarm (Middle Persian) is a character in the Persian language, Persian Epic poetry, epic Shahnameh. He is the oldest son of legendary hero and king Fereydun. It is believed that his name was given to him by his father, after Salm chooses to seek safety and run instead of fighting the dragon that had attacked him and his brothers (the dragon was Fereydun himself who had disguised himself to test his sons). When Fereydun decides to divide his kingdom among his sons, he gives Salm Anatolia and West. Salm and his brother Tur (Shahnameh), Tur become jealous of their younger brother Iraj (Shahnameh), Iraj. They combine their forces against him and eventually murder the young prince. Years later Iraj’s grandson Manuchehr avenges his grandfather’s death by killing both Salm and Tur. Name English scholar Harold Walter Bailey (1899–1996) derived the base word from Avestan language, Avestan ''sar-'' (to move suddenly) from ''tsar-'' in Old Iranian (''tsarati, tsaru-'', hun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tur (Shahnameh)
Tur (; , ) is a character in the Persian epic Shahnameh. He is the second son of the legendary Iranian king Fereydun and brother of both Salm and Iraj. His name, meaning "brave", was given to him by his father when the young prince bravely fights the dragon that had attacked him and his brothers. When Fereydun divides his empire among his sons, he gives Turkistan and China to his second son Tur. This is the beginning of the Turanians, the neighbor and rival of the Iranians. Some of the most important characters of Shahnameh, such as Afrasiab, are his descendants. He was killed by Manuchehr. Family tree See also * Arya (Iran) * Turya (Avesta) * Turan * Aniran Anērān (Middle Persian, ) or Anīrân ( Modern Persian, ) is an ethno-linguistic term that signifies "non-Iranian" or "non-Iran" (non-Aryan). Thus, in a general sense, 'Aniran' signifies lands where Iranian languages are not spoken. In a pejorati ... External linksA king's book of kings: the Shah-nameh of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraj
Iraj (; Pahlavi: ērič; from Avestan: , literally "Aryan") is the seventh Shah of the Pishdadian dynasty, depicted in the ''Shahnameh''. Based on Iranian mythology, he is the youngest son of Fereydun. He was killed by his brothers Salm and Tour. In the Avestan legends, Pahlavi literature, Sasanian-based Persian sources, some Persian sources, and particularly in ''Shahnameh'', he is considered the name-giver of the Iranian Iranian () may refer to: * Something of, from, or related to Iran ** Iranian diaspora, Iranians living outside Iran ** Iranian architecture, architecture of Iran and parts of the rest of West Asia ** Iranian cuisine, cooking traditions and practic ... nation, the ancestor of their royal houses, and a paragon of those slain in defense of just causes. Gallery Family Tree Sources External links''Shahnameh'' in Persian Wikisource: Freydun chapter(in Persian) * The story of Freydun and his three sons in English Wikisourse {{Shahnameh Myth ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faranak
Farānak () is a female character in the Persian epic ''Shahnameh''. She is married to Abtin and the mother of Fereydun. Etymology Farânak is derived from the word ''Parvâneh'', which means "butterfly" in Persian. Like many other words and names in Persian, the letter P was transformed to F in post-Arabic period, as the letter P does not exist in Arabic. Parvânak, meaning "the little butterfly", is another name for the Persian lynx or caracal, also called ''siâh-goosh'' , which means "black-eared" in Persian. Both the name ''siâh-goosh'' ("black-eared") and ''parvânak'' ("little butterfly") refer to the pointy long black ears of the Persian lynx that look like butterflies. The Persian lynx or caracal accompanies the lion as the lion is a strong hunter and often leaves some food for the lynx which is a much smaller cat. In return, the lynx has a much stronger sense of smell and can lead the lion to the prey. Attestation Farânak as a female name was first documented in Sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abtin
Abtin (), or Athwya, is a character in Shahnama (national epic of Iran), who is the father of Fereydun. He is mentioned as the father of Fereydun in the Avesta, having been the "second man" to prepare Ahura-Mazda for the "corporeal world" (the first being Jamshid, and the third being Thrita). His name comes from the same origin as " Āptya", a title for water-born deities or heroes in the Rigveda. According to the Shatapatha Brahmana, that the first to bear this title was Agni Agni ( ) is the Deva (Hinduism), Hindu god of fire. As the Guardians of the directions#Aṣṭa-Dikpāla ("Guardians of Eight Directions"), guardian deity of the southeast direction, he is typically found in southeast corners of Hindu temples. ..., and that he subsequently created three Aptyas, Trita, Dvita, and Ekata, when he spat on the waters in anger. References Encyclopædia Iranica Pishdadian dynasty Male characters in literature {{Shahnameh-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avesta
The Avesta (, Book Pahlavi: (), Persian language, Persian: ()) is the text corpus of Zoroastrian literature, religious literature of Zoroastrianism. All its texts are composed in the Avestan language and written in the Avestan alphabet. Modern Edition (book), editions of the Avesta are based on the various manuscript traditions that have survived in Zoroastrianism in India, India and Zoroastrianism in Iran, Iran. The individual texts of the Avesta were originally Oral tradition, oral compositions. They were composed over a long period of several centuries during the Avestan period, Old Iranian period (possibly ranging from 15th century BCE – 4th century BCE). The written transmission began during the Sassanian empire, Sassanian period, with the creation of the Avestan alphabet. The resulting texts were then compiled into a comprehensive edition of the Sasanian Avesta, Avesta in 21 volumes. This edition was lost sometime after the 10th century CE and only a small part survi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parthian Language
The Parthian language, also known as Arsacid Pahlavi and Pahlawānīg, is an extinct ancient Northwestern Iranian language once spoken in Parthia, a region situated in present-day northeastern Iran and Turkmenistan. Parthian was the language of state of the Arsacid Parthian Empire (248 BC – 224 AD), as well as of its eponymous branches of the Arsacid dynasty of Armenia, Arsacid dynasty of Iberia, and the Arsacid dynasty of Caucasian Albania. Parthian had a significant impact on Armenian, a large part of whose vocabulary was formed primarily from borrowings from Parthian, and had a derivational morphology and syntax that was also affected by language contact but to a lesser extent. Many ancient Parthian words were preserved and now survive only in Armenian. The Semnani or Komisenian languages may descend from Parthian directly or be a Caspian language with Parthian influences, but the topic lacks sufficient research. Classification Parthian was a Western Middle Iranian lang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wind Gods
A wind god is a god who controls the wind(s). Air deities may also be considered here as wind is nothing more than moving air. Many polytheistic religions have one or more wind gods. They may also have a separate air god or a wind god may double as an air god. Many wind gods are also linked with one of the four seasons. Africa Egyptian *Amun, god of creation and the wind. *, god of the east wind. In art, Henkhisesui appears as a winged man with a ram head, or a winged, ram headed Scarab. *, god of the west wind. In art, Hutchai appears as a winged man with a snake head. *Qebui, god of the north wind who appears as a man with four ram heads or a winged ram with four heads. *, god of the south wind. In art, Shehbui appears as a winged man with a lion head. * Shu, god of the air. Henkhisesui.svg, Henkhisesui Hutchai.svg, Ḥutchai Qebui.svg, Qebui Shehbui.svg, Shehbui Qebui as ram.svg, Qebui alternative form Henkhisesui as ram headed-Scarab.svg, Henkhisesui alternative form ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thunder Gods
Polytheistic peoples from many cultures have postulated a thunder deity, the creator or personification of the forces of thunder and lightning; a lightning god does not have a typical depiction and will vary based on the culture. In Indo-European cultures, the thunder god is frequently depicted as male and known as the chief or King of the Gods, e.g.: Indra in Hinduism, Zeus in Greek mythology, Zojz in Albanian mythology, and Perun in ancient Slavic religion. Mediterranean * Adad, Bel, Ishkur, Marduk ( Babylonian-Assyrian mythology) * Baʿal, Hadad ( Canaanite and Phoenician mythology) * I Verbti ( Albanian mythology) * Novensiles (Etruscan mythology) * Perëndi ( Albanian mythology) * Set (Egyptian mythology) * Shurdh (Albanian mythology) * Śuri (Etruscan mythology) * Tarḫunna (Hittite mythology and religion, Hittite mythology) * Tarḫunz (Luwian religion, Luwian mythology) * Teshub (Hurrian religion, Hurrian mythology) * Vahagn (Armenian mythology) * Zibelthiu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Classical Armenian
Classical Armenian (, , ; meaning "literary anguage; also Old Armenian or Liturgical Armenian) is the oldest attested form of the Armenian language. It was first written down at the beginning of the 5th century, and most Armenian literature from then through the 18th century is in Classical Armenian. Many ancient manuscripts originally written in Ancient Greek, Hebrew, Syriac and Latin survive only in Armenian translation. Classical Armenian itself, in turn, was heavily influenced by the Iranian languages, in particular by Parthian. Classical Armenian continues to be the liturgical language of the Armenian Apostolic Church and the Armenian Catholic Church and is often learned by Biblical, Intertestamental, and Patristic scholars dedicated to textual studies. Classical Armenian is also important for the reconstruction of the Proto-Indo-European language. Phonology Vowels There are seven monophthongs: * (Ա), (Ի), (Ը), or open ''e'' (Ե), or closed ''e'' (Է ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
