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Fatagar
A medieval map of Fatagar and surrounding areas Fatagar (Amharic: ፈጠጋር) was a historical province that separated Muslim and Christian dominions in the medieval Horn of Africa. In the eleventh century it was part of the Muslim states, then was invaded by the Christian kingdom led by Emperor Amda Seyon I, after which it would serve as central district in, and home of multiple rulers of, the Ethiopian Empire in the 15th century. Location In the 1560's Fatagar operated by alternating between two Centres: Dembiya and Oda Nabi. Fatagar separated Ifat from Shewa and was south of the kingdom of Lasta bounded by the region of Endagabatan in the north west. It is also described as having been located in eastern Ethiopia, where several kingdoms, such as Ifat, Mora, Dawaro, Hadiya and Bale, also existed. The area is now part of modern Shewa southeast of Addis Ababa. Early history Establishment and early campaigns Fatagar was founded during the arrival of Islam in Eastern Et ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adal Sultanate
The Adal Sultanate, also known as the Adal Empire or Barr Saʿad dīn (alt. spelling ''Adel Sultanate'', ''Adal Sultanate'') (), was a medieval Sunni Muslim empire which was located in the Horn of Africa. It was founded by Sabr ad-Din III on the Harar plateau in Adal after the fall of the Sultanate of Ifat. The kingdom flourished to 1577.. At its height, the polity under Sultan Badlay controlled the territory stretching from Cape Guardafui in Somalia to the port city of Suakin in Sudan. The Adal Empire maintained a robust commercial and political relationship with the Ottoman Empire. Sultanate of Adal was alternatively known as the federation of Zeila. Etymology Adal is believed to be an abbreviation of Havilah. Eidal or Aw Abdal, was the Emir of Harar in the eleventh century which the lowlands outside the city of Harar is named. In the thirteenth century, the Arab writer al-Dimashqi refers to the city of Zeila, by its Somali name "Awdal" (). The modern Awdal region ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gelawdewos
Galawdewos (, 1521/1522 – 23 March 1559), also known as Mar Gelawdewos (), was Emperor of Ethiopia from 3 September 1540 until his death in 1559, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. His throne name was Atsnaph Sagad I (Ge'ez: አጽናፍ ሰገድ). A male line descendant of medieval Amhara kings, he was a younger son of Dawit II and Seble Wongel. Early reign The son of Dawit II by his wife, Seble Wongel, after the death of his father Gelawdewos succeeded to the throne on 2 September 1540 at the age of 18. During Ahmed Gragn's occupation of Abyssinia, Galawdewos initially took refuge in the province of Gafat. Despite his youth, over the next few months he made several successful attacks on the Adalite garrisons in northern Ethiopia. At the time of the Portuguese arrival in Ethiopia, Gelawdewos was in northern Shewa leading a small guerrilla movement against the Muslim occupation. When he heard of the Portuguese arrival he marched northward to join them but the Por ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahfuz
Mahfuz (or Mohammed) ( Harari: መሕፉዝ, , Portuguese: Mafudi, Somali: Maxfuud; died July 1517) was a Garad, Emir of Harar and Governor of Zeila in the Adal Sultanate. Although he was originally only emir of a small region he would rise to become leader of Adal due to his popularity, wielding more power than the sultan of Adal. He is often known as the "Captain of Zeila" in medieval texts. Background According to Ethiopian historian Mohammed Hassen, he was either of Harla or Harari origin. However Marco Demichelis claims he was of Somali origin. While Daryll Forde regards him as an ethnic Afar. Life and reign Mahfuz began to dominate politics in the 1480s, being awarded multiple titles. He preferred to continue the conflicts with the Ethiopian Empire, as he desired to sway influence over the Muslim border provinces of Ifat, Fatagar, Dawaro, and Bale, which was in stark contrast to the policy of coexistence favored by Sultan Muhammad ibn Azhar ad-Din and his moderat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nur Ibn Mujahid
Nur al-Din or Nur ibn Mujahid ibn ‘Ali ibn ‘Abdullah al Dhuhi Suha ( Harari: ኑር ኢብን ሙጃሂድ, , ; died 1567) was an Emir of Harar who ruled over the Adal Sultanate. He was known for marrying his uncle's widow, Bati del Wambara, and also succeeding Imam Ahmad as the leader of the Muslim forces fighting Christian Ethiopia. He is often known as the "King of Adel" in medieval texts. History Nur ibn Mujahid was the son of Wazir Mujahid ibn 'Ali ibn 'Abdallah ad-Duhi Suha, one of the cavalry commanders of Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi who himself was the son of Garad Ali who was from a well established noble family. Mujahid married Ahmad’s sister, from which marriage Nur was born. Mohammed Hassen states Nur's father was a chief of the Harari people. According to several oral traditions recorded by Enrico Cerulli, Nur ibn Mujahid was Somali and hailed from the Marehan subclan of the greater Darod clan. The ''Royal Chronicle'' ''of Gelawdewos considered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ahmed Gragn
Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (, Harari: አሕመድ ኢብራሂም አል-ጋዚ, ; 21 July 1506 – 10 February 1543) was the Imam of the Adal Sultanate from 1527 to 1543. Commonly named Ahmed ''Gragn'' in Amharic and ''Gurey'' in Somali, both meaning the left-handed, he led the invasion and conquest of Abyssinia from the Sultanate of Adal during the Ethiopian–Adal War. He is often referred to as the "King of Zeila" in medieval texts. Dubbed "The African Attila" by Orientalist Frederick A. Edwards, Imam Ahmed's conquests reached all the way to the borders of the Sultanate of Funj. Imam Ahmed won nearly all his battles against the Ethiopians before 1541 and after his victory at Battle of Amba Sel, the Ethiopian Emperor, Dawit II was never again in a position to offer a pitched battle to his army and was subsequently forced to live as an outlaw constantly hounded by Imam Ahmed's soldiers, the Malassay. Early years Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi was born in 1506 and hailed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harar
Harar (; Harari language, Harari: ሀረር / ; ; ; ), known historically by the indigenous as Harar-Gey or simply Gey (Harari: ጌይ, ݘٛىيْ, ''Gēy'', ), is a List of cities with defensive walls, walled city in eastern Ethiopia. It is also known in Arabic as the City of Wali, Saints (). Harar is the capital city of the Harari Region. The ancient city is located on a hilltop in the eastern part of the country and is about from the Ethiopian capital Addis Ababa at an elevation of . For centuries, Harar has been a major commercial center, linked by the trade routes with the rest of Ethiopia, the entire Horn of Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Asia, and through its ports, the outside world. Harar Jugol, the old walled city, was listed as a World Heritage Site in 2006 by UNESCO in recognition of its cultural heritage. Because of Harar's long history of involvement during times of trade in the Arabian Peninsula, the Government of Ethiopia has made it a criminal offence to demol ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zara Yaqob
Zara Yaqob (; 1399 – 26 August 1468) was Emperor of Ethiopia, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty who ruled under the regnal name Qostantinos I (; "Constantine"). He is known for the Geʽez literature that flourished during his reign, the handling of both internal Christian affairs and external wars with Muslims, along with the founding of Debre Birhan as his capital. He reigned for 34 years and 2 months (r. 1434-1468). The British historian, Edward Ullendorff, stated that Zara Yaqob "was unquestionably the greatest ruler Ethiopia had seen since Ezana, during the heyday of Aksumite power, and none of his successors on the throne – excepted only the emperors Menelik II and Haile Selassie – can be compared to him." Early life Born at Telq in the province of Fatagar, Zara Yaqob hailed from the Amhara people, he was the youngest son of Emperor Dawit I by his wife, Igzi Kebra. His mother Igzi lost her first son and having been sick during her second pregnancy, pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ifat (historical Region)
Ifat (Harari language, Harari: ኢፋት; ; Somali Language, Somali: Awfat) also known as Yifat, Awfat or Wafat was a historical Muslim region in the Horn of Africa. It was located on the eastern edge of Shewa. Geography According to thirteenth century Arab geographer Ibn Sa'id al-Maghribi, Ifat was alternatively known as ''Jabarta''. In the fourteenth century Ibn Fadlallah al-Umari, Al Umari mentioned seven cities or domains within Ifat: Biqulzar, Adal (historical region), Adal, Shewa, Kwelgora, Shimi, Jamme and Laboo. Ifat designated the Muslim dominated portion of Shewa in Abyssinia according to post seventeenth century Harari language, Harari texts, its territory extended from the Shewan uplands east, towards the Awash River. History During Islam's inception tradition states the Banu Makhzum and Umayyad Caliphate, Umayyad coalitions quarreled in Ifat. According to historian Enrico Cerulli, in thirteenth century Sultan Umar Walasma founded the Ifat Sultanate in Ifat after ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adal (historical Region)
Adal ( Harari: አደል; Somali: Awdal), known as Awdal or Aw Abdal was a historical Muslim region in the Horn of Africa. Located east of Ifat and the Awash river as far as the coast, and including Harar as well as Zeila. The Zeila state often denoted Adal and other Muslim dominions in medieval texts. Geography Adal was situated east of the province of Ifat and was a general term for a region inhabited by Muslims. According to Portuguese explorer Francisco Alvarez, Adal in 1520 bordered on the Abyssinian frontier province of Fatagar in the west and stretched to Cape Guardafui in the east. He further stated that it was confined by the Kingdom of Dankali in the north west and that the leaders of Adal were considered saints by the locals for their warfare with neighboring Abyssinia. It was used ambiguously in the medieval era to indicate the Muslim inhabitant low land portion east of the Ethiopian Empire. Including north of the Awash River towards Lake Abbe in modern Dji ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wej Province
Wej (Amharic: ወጅ) was a province established in the 10th-century and located in the southwest of what is now Ethiopia. Location According to G. W. B Huntingford, Wej occupied an area near Lake Zway, west of Fatagar and east of Hadiya. Origins There have been arguments over the ruling family's ethnicity. The extinct ethnic group Maya are held by some sources to have been the original rulers, but others state that Wej campaigned against the Maya, while early Arab writers recorded that Oromos were living in the area and founded several kingdoms, Wej among them. According to Mohammed Hassen the inhabitants of Wej were probably the Waji Oromo a sub clan of the Arusi Barentu tribe. History Enrico Cerulli asserted the people of Wej had leaders whose lineage identified with eleventh century Muslim Queen Badit of the Makhzumi dynasty. Pankhurst states that Wej was an ally of Ethiopian king Yekuno Amlak and supported him in his conquest of Abyssinia. It is described as a tribu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dawit II
Dawit II (; – 2 September 1540), also known by the macaronic name Wanag Segad (ወናግ ሰገድ, ''to whom the lions bow''), better known by his birth name Lebna Dengel (, ''essence of the virgin''), was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1508 to 1540, whose political center and palace was in Shewa. A male line descendant of the medieval Amhara kings, and thus a member of the House of Solomon, he was the son of Emperor Na'od and Empress Na'od Mogesa. The important victory over the Adal's Emir Mahfuz may have given Dawit the appellation "Wanag Segad," which is a combination of Geʽez and the Harari terms. Biography Early reign In contrast to previous emperors, Dawit had only one wife, Seble Wongel, whom he married around 1512–13. The couple had eight children: four sons and four daughters. Taking only one wife throughout his life was seen as a Christian act that fit with the ideals of the Church. Although she was well into her seventies, the Empress Mother Elen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dawaro
Dawaro or Doaro (Amharic: ደዋሮ) was a Muslim principality which laid near Hadiya. The state was originally independent until becoming a vassal and later a province due its subjugation by Emperor Amda Seyon I in the early 14th century. The region was situated east of Hadiya and north of Bali which covered much of Ethiopia's Arsi Province. The capital of Dawaro was called Sabboch. History The earliest mention of this province comes from the ''Royal Chronicle'' of Emperor Amda Seyon. After occupying Ifat, Amda Seyon then proceeded to garrison Dawaro. However, in the late 1320s the ruler of the province, Haydara, ended up siding with Sabr ad-Din I during his rebellion and "treacherously" executed some of the Emperor's messengers. Amda Seyon, incensed by this act of rebellion, at once set out with his troops. On reaching Dawaro he "laid waste the country from one end to the other". He killed young men, took women and children prisoners, seized livestock "without number" and "de ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
