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False Dmitry II
False Dmitry II (; died ), historically known as Pseudo-Demetrius II and also called ("the thief of Tushino"), was the second of three pretenders to the Russian throne who claimed to be Tsarevich Dmitry Ivanovich, the youngest son of Ivan the Terrible, during the Time of Troubles. The real Dmitry had died under uncertain circumstances, most likely an assassination in 1591 at the age of nine at his widowed mother's appanage residence in Uglich. The second False Dmitry first appeared on the scene around 20 July 1607, at Starodub. He is believed to have been either a priest's son or a converted Jew, and was relatively highly educated for the time. He spoke both the Russian and Polish languages and was something of an expert in liturgical matters. He pretended at first to be the Muscovite boyar Nagoy, but falsely confessed under torture that he was Tsarevich Dmitry, whereupon he was taken at his word and joined by thousands of Cossacks, Poles, and Muscovites. Dunning states, "Acc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyrus The Great
Cyrus II of Persia ( ; 530 BC), commonly known as Cyrus the Great, was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire. Achaemenid dynasty (i. The clan and dynasty) Hailing from Persis, he brought the Achaemenid dynasty to power by defeating the Median Empire and embracing all of the previous civilized states of the ancient Near East, expanding vastly across most of West Asia and much of Central Asia to create what would soon become the List of largest empires#Timeline of largest empires at the time, largest empire in history at the time. The Achaemenid Empire's greatest territorial extent was achieved under Darius the Great, whose rule stretched from Southeast Europe in the west to the Indus Valley in the east. After absorbing the Median Empire, Cyrus conquered Lydia and eventually the Neo-Babylonian Empire, granting him control of Anatolia and the Fertile Crescent, respectively. He also led a major expedition into Central Asia, where his army brought "into subjection every nation wit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Starodub
Starodub (, , ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, town in Bryansk Oblast, Russia, on the Babinets (river), Babinets River in the Dnieper basin, southwest of Bryansk. Population: 16,000 (1975). History Starodub has been known since the 11th century, when it was a part of the Principality of Chernigov. It was plundered by the Cumans in 1080. It was burned to the ground by the Mongol Empire, Mongols in the 13th century. It became a part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 14th century (soon part of the Polish–Lithuanian union), and Grand Duke Algirdas rebuilt it as a defensive stronghold against Grand Duchy of Moscow, Muscovites and Tatars. In 1408, it was granted to Duke Švitrigaila. In 1503, it passed to the Grand Duchy of Moscow. In 1535, it was besieged and captured by Polish-Lithuanian forces and the defenders were executed however, it soon fell back to Muscovy. In 1616, it was recaptured by the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, within which it became ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Verst
A verst (; ) is an obsolete Russian unit of length, defined as 500 sazhen. This makes a verst equal to . Plurals and variants In the English language, ''verst'' is singular with the normal plural ''versts''. In Russian, the nominative singular is , but the form usually used with numbers is the genitive plural —10 verst, 25 verst, etc.—whence the English form. A (, literally "border verst") is twice as long as a verst. The verst of the 17th century was 700 sazhens or 1.49 km as against the 500 sazhens or 1.067 km it became at the time of Peter the Great. Finnish ''virsta'' In Finland, a was 1,068.84 m according to the Swedish standard, defined in 1827 as of a , the Finnish language name for the pre-metric Swedish '' mil'', used in Finland since the early 17th century (see Obsolete Finnish units of measurement), or 600 (Swedish fathoms, 1.781 m). Metrication replaced with the kilometre The kilometre (SI symbol: km; or ), spelt kilometer in American E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bolkhov
Bolkhov () is a town and the administrative center of Bolkhovsky District in Oryol Oblast, Russia, located on the Nugr River ( Oka's tributary), from Oryol, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 12,800 (1969); 20,703 (1897). History Bolkhov was first documented in a chronicle from 1196.Official website of Bolkhovsky DistrictУездный город Болхов After the Mongol invasion of Rus', it became the seat of a local princely dynasty, whose descendants may be traced until the 19th century. In the 16th century, it became one of the fortified posts for defending Moscow from the Tatars on the south. It was there that the army of Vasily IV was defeated by False Dmitry II in 1608. During World War II, Bolkhov was occupied by the German Army from October 9, 1941 to July 28, 1943. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, Bolkhov serves as the administrative center of Bolkhovsky District.Law # ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vasili IV Of Russia
Vasili IV Ivanovich Shuisky (, 12 September 1612) was Tsar of all Russia from 1606 to 1610, after the murder of False Dmitri I. His rule coincided with the Time of Troubles. He was the only member of Shuysky, House of Shuisky to become tsar and the last member of the Rurikid dynasty (Yurievichi branch) to rule as tsar. Life He was a son of Ivan Andreyevich Shuisky. Born Knyaz, Prince Vasili Ivanovich Shuisky, he descended from the Yurievichi sovereign princes of Nizhny Novgorod, and was allegedly a 20th-generation male-line descendant of the 9th-century Varangian prince Rurik. Vasili Ivanovich was one of the leading boyars of the Tsardom of Russia during the reigns of Feodor I of Russia , Feodor I () and Boris Godunov (). In the court intrigues of the Time of Troubles (1598–1613), Vasily and his younger brother Dmitry Shuisky usually acted together and fought as one. It was Shuisky who, in obedience to the secret orders of tsar-to-be Boris, went to Uglich to inquire i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bryansk
Bryansk (, ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city and the administrative center of Bryansk Oblast, Russia, situated on the Desna (river), Desna River, southwest of Moscow. It has a population of 379,152 at the 2021 census. Bryansk is one of the oldest cities in the oblast, with 985 regarded as the year of foundation. It was part of the Kievan Rus', Mongol Empire and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Lithuania during the Middle Ages, medieval period, then was contested by Grand Duchy of Moscow, Moscow and Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Poland–Lithuania in the early modern period, before ultimately passing to Russia, within which it was a major regional trading center. History Medieval period Based on excavations at the end of the 20th century, information was found on the birth of the city in the 10th century on the Chashin Kurgan. For ease of perception, the conventional date of birth was chosen as 985 AD. The first written mention of Bryansk, as Debryansk, dates t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Karachev
Karachev () is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, town and the administrative center of Karachevsky District in Bryansk Oblast, Russia. Population: History First chronicled in 1146, it was the capital of one of the Upper Oka Principalities in the Middle Ages, until its rulers moved their seats to Peremyshl, Russia, Peremyshl. In the 14th century it became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and in 1503 it passed to the Grand Duchy of Moscow. Karachev was part of the Oryol Governorate from 1796 to 1920. Its old architecture was heavily damaged during World War II. Karachev was occupied by the Wehrmacht, German Army from 5 October 1941 to 15 August 1943. The Germans operated a Nazi prison and temporarily also the Dulag 185 German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II, prisoner-of-war camp in the town. Local Jews were confined in a Jewish ghettos established by Nazi Germany, ghetto and eventually massacred by the occupiers on 12 December 1941, with some 100 victims. Ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jan Piotr Sapieha
Jan Piotr Sapieha (English: ''John Peter Sapieha'', 1569–1611) was a Polish-Lithuanian nobleman, general, politician, diplomat, governor of Uświat county, member of the Parliament and a skilled commander of the Polish troops stationing in the Moscow Kremlin. Sapieha was a participant of the Polish-Swedish War – he brought a private regiment of 100 Cossacks, and commanded the right wing, consisting of 400 winged hussars and mounted 700 Cossack, of the Polish-Lithuanian army during the famous Battle of Kircholm in 1605. He also participated in the Polish–Muscovite War (1605–18), where he commanded the failed siege of Troitse-Sergiyeva Lavra in 1608 and later fought anti-Polish Muscovite forces near Moscow, led by Prokopy Lyapunov. He died suddenly on 15 October, during the siege of the Moscow Kremlin. Known for his ruthlessness towards the Russian peoples, he was nicknamed ''Pan Hetman'', literally meaning Mr General. Biography Jan Piotr was born in 1569 as the son o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tushino Camp
The Tushino Camp was the camp of False Dmitry II near the village of Tushino near Moscow from June 1608 to December 1609. The Tushino Camp served as False Dimitry II's capital, and as a result False Dimitry II received the name "Tushino Thief." All those dissatisfied with the elected Tsar Vasili IV of Russia, Vasily Shuisky, flocked to the Tushino Camp, which made it a shadow capital with its own state institutions and leaders. From December 1609 to March 1610, the Tushino Camp supported the Polish King Sigismund. Location The camp was located on the Volokolamsk Road on a hill outside the village of Tushino. It was located between the Skhodnya (river), Skhodnya and Moskva (river), Moskva Rivers, in the place where the Skhodnya flows into the Moskva River. The camp was located on a high hill from which the territory was visible for several miles in the direction of Moscow. The hill was surrounded by cliffs to the north, east, and south. To the west the camp was surrounded by an ea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jerzy Mniszech
Jerzy Mniszech (c. 1548 – 1613) was a Polish nobleman and diplomat in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Member of the House of Mniszech. Krajczy koronny in 1574, castellan of Radom in 1583, voivode of Sandomierz Voivodship in 1590, żupnik ruski, starost of Lwów in 1593, starost of Sambor, Sokal, Sanok, Rohatyn. Biography Father of Marina Mniszech (c. 1588—1614). Dealt with providing courtisans for the courts of some Commonwealth magnates. He is known for meddling in the Muscovy Times of Troubles, as he wed his daughter Marina to the False Dmitri I and later convinced her to marry the False Dmitri II. He had several other children: * His daughter Urszula Mniszech, born in 1603, married prince Konstanty Wiśniowiecki, voivode of Russia (1564–1641). * Anna Mniszech married Piotr Szyszkowski, castellan of Wojno. * Eufrozyna Mniszech married Hermolaus Jordan. * Mikołaj Mniszech (1587–1613) became starost of Łuków * Stanisław Bonifacy Mniszech (?-1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grand Duchy Of Moscow
The Grand Principality of Moscow, or Muscovy, known as the Principality of Moscow until 1389, was a late medieval Russian monarchy. Its capital was the city of Moscow. Originally established as a minor principality in the 13th century, the grand principality was transformed into a centralized Russian state in the late 15th century. Moscow became a separate principality when Daniel of Moscow, Daniel (), the youngest son of Alexander Nevsky, received the city and surrounding area as an appanage. By the end of the 13th century, Moscow had become one of the leading principalities within the Vladimir-Suzdal, Vladimir grand principality, alongside Principality of Tver, Tver. A struggle between the princes of Moscow and Tver began after Mikhail of Tver became Grand Prince of Vladimir, grand prince in 1304. Yury of Moscow, Yury () contested the title and was later made grand prince in 1318 by the Khan (title), khan of the Golden Horde, who held suzerainty over the princes. However, Yu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polish People
Polish people, or Poles, are a West Slavic ethnic group and nation who share a common History of Poland, history, Culture of Poland, culture, the Polish language and are identified with the country of Poland in Central Europe. The preamble to the Constitution of the Republic of Poland defines the Polish nation as comprising all the citizenship, citizens of Poland, regardless of heritage or ethnicity. The majority of Poles adhere to Roman Catholicism. The population of self-declared Poles in Poland is estimated at 37,394,000 out of an overall population of 38,512,000 (based on the 2011 census), of whom 36,522,000 declared Polish alone. A wide-ranging Polish diaspora (the ''Polish diaspora, Polonia'') exists throughout Eurasia, the Americas, and Australasia. Today, the largest urban concentrations of Poles are within the Warsaw metropolitan area and the Katowice urban area. Ethnic Poles are considered to be the descendants of the ancient West Slavic Lechites and other tribes t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
