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Estonian Literature
Estonian literature ( et, eesti kirjandus) is literature written in the Estonian language (c. 1,100,000 speakers) The domination of Estonia after the Northern Crusades, from the 13th century to 1918 by Germany, Sweden, and Russia resulted in few early written literary works in the Estonian language. The oldest records of written Estonian date from the 13th century. ''Originates Livoniae'' in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia contains Estonian place names, words and fragments of sentences. The '' Liber Census Daniae'' (1241) contains Estonian place and family names.The Development of Written Estonian by George Kurman The earliest extant samples of connected Estonian are the so-called Kullamaa prayers dating from 1524 and 1528. The first known printed book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonia
Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, and to the east by Lake Peipus and Russia. The territory of Estonia consists of the mainland, the larger islands of Saaremaa and Hiiumaa, and over 2,200 other islands and islets on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, covering a total area of . The capital city Tallinn and Tartu are the two largest urban areas of the country. The Estonian language is the autochthonous and the official language of Estonia; it is the first language of the majority of its population, as well as the world's second most spoken Finnic language. The land of what is now modern Estonia has been inhabited by '' Homo sapiens'' since at least 9,000 BC. The medieval indigenous population of Estonia was one of the last " pagan" civilisations in Europe to adopt Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian Language
Estonian ( ) is a Finnic language, written in the Latin script. It is the official language of Estonia and one of the official languages of the European Union, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people; 922,000 people in Estonia and 160,000 outside Estonia. Classification Estonian belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family. The Finnic languages also include Finnish and a few minority languages spoken around the Baltic Sea and in northwestern Russia. Estonian is subclassified as a Southern Finnic language and it is the second-most-spoken language among all the Finnic languages. Alongside Finnish, Hungarian and Maltese, Estonian is one of the four official languages of the European Union that are not of an Indo-European origin. From the typological point of view, Estonian is a predominantly agglutinative language. The loss of word-final sounds is extensive, and this has made its inflectional morphology markedly more fusional, especially with respect to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jaan Kaplinski
Jaan Kaplinski (22 January 1941 – 8 August 2021 ) was an Estonian poet, philosopher, politician, and culture critic, known for his focus on global issues and support for left-wing/ liberal thinking. He was influenced by Eastern philosophical schools (Taoism and especially Buddhism). He worked as a translator, editor, and sociologist and as an ecologist at the Tallinn Botanic Garden. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature. Early life and education Kaplinski was born 22 January 1941 in Tartu to Polish teacher Jerzy Kaplinski and Estonian dancer Nora Raudsepp-Kaplinski. He studied Romance language and linguistics at the University of Tartu, graduating as a French philologist in 1964. Career Kaplinski worked as a translator, editor, and sociologist, and ecologist at the Tallinn Botanic Garden. Political career From 1992 to 1995 Kaplinski was a member of the Riigikogu (the Estonian parliament). He was originally a candidate on the Centre Party list, but soon beca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kristjan Jaak Peterson
Kristian Jaak Peterson (, Riga – , Riga) also known as Christian Jacob Petersohn, was an Estonian poet, commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and the founder of modern Estonian poetry. He died of tuberculosis aged 21. His birthday is celebrated in Estonia as Mother Tongue Day. Biography and work He was born on 14 March 1801 in Riga. Best known as an Estonian poet, he is commonly regarded as a herald of Estonian national literature and the founder of modern Estonian poetry. His literary career was cut short by the tuberculosis that killed him at the age of 21. : ''Cannot the tongue of this land,'' : ''In the wind of incantation,'' : ''Rising up to the heavens,'' : ''Seek eternity?'' ::::''Kristian Jaak Peterson'' Those lines have been interpreted as a claim to reestablish the birthright of the Estonian language. After the University of Tartu was reopened in 1802, but with lectures given in German only, Kristian Jaak Peterson became the first universit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaba Eesti Sõna
''Vaba Eesti Sõna'' (Estonian for ''Free Estonian Word'') is an Estonian expatriate weekly newspaper published in New York City, United States established in 1949. The Nordic Press Nordic most commonly refers to: * Nordic countries, written in plural as Nordics, the northwestern European countries, including Scandinavia, Fennoscandia and the North Atlantic * Scandinavia, a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region ... was founded on 18 January 1949 by August Waldman, August Salony, Mihkel Allik and Boris Rea to publish the newspaper. The editorial office of ''Vaba Eesti Sõna'' is located in New York Estonian House (243 East 34th Street). See also *Harald Raudsepp, a long-time editor References External links * 1949 establishments in New York City Newspapers published in New York City Estonian-language newspapers published in the United States Estonia–United States relations Non-English-language newspapers published in New York (state) Newspapers es ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estonian Children's Literature Centre
The Estonian Children's Literature Centre (in et, Eesti Lastekirjanduse Keskus) is a centre devoted to children's literature from Estonia. It is located at Pikk 73 in Tallinn's old town and is open daily for visitors. The history of the centre dates back to 1933. The mascot of the centre is (in English: Bumpy), a character in a story by Estonian author Oskar Luts Oskar Luts ( – 23 March 1953) was an Estonian writer and playwright. Biography Oskar Luts was born into a middle-class family in Järvepera, central Estonia, at that time in the governorate of Livonia (Russian Empire). His younger brother was .... External links * Organizations based in Tallinn Estonian children's literature {{child-lit-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ABD Ehk Luggemise-Ramat Lastele
''ABD ehk Luggemise-Ramat Lastele'' ("ABD or the Book Reading for Children" in English) is an Estonian alphabet book by Otto Wilhelm Masing published in Tartu in 1795.Spotted Mother Tongue – '''' The work is the first book with a . For the first time, the book included a guide on how to teach reading. In the Estonian language, the abbreviation "ABC" is not used for the alphabet, because the letter [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alphabet Book
An alphabet book is a type of children's book giving basic instruction in an alphabet. Intended for young children, alphabet books commonly use pictures, simple language and alliteration to aid language learning. Alphabet books are published in several languages, and some distinguish the capitals and lower case letters in a given alphabet. Some alphabet books are intended for older audiences, using the simplicity of the genre as a device to convey humor or other concepts. Purposes Alphabet books introduce the sounds and letters of an ordered alphabet. As elementary educational tools, Alphabet books provide opportunities for: #Developing conversations and proficiency in oral language #Increasing phonemic awareness #Teaching phonics #Making text connections (Activating prior knowledge) #Predicting (Text talk) #Building vocabulary #Inferencing / drawing conclusions #Sequencing #Identifying elements of story structure #Recognizing point of view #Visualizing setting (Time, pl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Wilhelm Masing
Otto Wilhelm Masing ( in Lohusuu, Kreis Dorpat, Livland Governorate – in Äksi, Livland Governorate) was an early Baltic German Estophile and a major advocate of peasant rights, especially regarding education. Life He received schooling at the town school of Narva (1777–1779) and then (1779–1782) at the Gymnasium of Torgau (Germany) before studying theology, music and drawing at the University of Halle, returning to Estonia in 1786. In 1796 he married Dorothea Amalie Ehlertz (1776–1809) in St. John's Church of Dorpat (Tartu), a daughter of the city councillor Carl Ulrich Ehlertz (1739–1790) and his wife Louisa Dorothea née Stockenberg (1755–1803), a great-granddaughter of the sculptor Johann Gustav Stockenberg. Work His first employment after concluding his studies was as private tutor at the Manor in Neu-Isenhof (Püssi) for the children of the nobleman Otto Magnus von Toll. In 1788 he became the pastor of the (Lutheran) church in Lüg (Lüganuse) (178 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tallinn
Tallinn () is the most populous and capital city of Estonia. Situated on a bay in north Estonia, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea, Tallinn has a population of 437,811 (as of 2022) and administratively lies in the Harju '' maakond'' (county). Tallinn is the main financial, industrial, and cultural centre of Estonia. It is located northwest of the country's second largest city Tartu, however only south of Helsinki, Finland, also west of Saint Petersburg, Russia, north of Riga, Latvia, and east of Stockholm, Sweden. From the 13th century until the first half of the 20th century, Tallinn was known in most of the world by variants of its other historical name Reval. Tallinn received Lübeck city rights in 1248,, however the earliest evidence of human population in the area dates back nearly 5,000 years. The medieval indigenous population of what is now Tallinn and northern Estonia was one of the last " pagan" civilisations in Europe to adopt Christianity ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baltic German
Baltic Germans (german: Deutsch-Balten or , later ) were ethnic German inhabitants of the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, in what today are Estonia and Latvia. Since their coerced resettlement in 1939, Baltic Germans have markedly declined as a geographically determined ethnic group. However, it is estimated that several thousand people with some form of (Baltic) German identity still reside in Latvia and Estonia. Since the Middle Ages, native German-speakers formed the majority of merchants and clergy, and the large majority of the local landowning nobility who effectively constituted a ruling class over indigenous Latvian and Estonian non-nobles. By the time a distinct Baltic German ethnic identity began emerging in the 19th century, the majority of self-identifying Baltic Germans were non-nobles belonging mostly to the urban and professional middle class. In the 12th and 13th centuries, Catholic German traders and crusaders (''see '') began settling in the eastern B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
