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Engelberga
Engelberga (or Angilberga, died between 896 and 901) was the wife of Emperor Louis II and thus Carolingian empress to his death on 12 August 875.Bougard, François (1993)"ENGELBERGA (Enghelberga, Angelberga), imperatrice"‘’Treccani’’. As empress, she exerted a powerful influence over her husband. Engelberga was probably the daughter of Adelchis I of Spoleto and a member of one of the most powerful families in the Kingdom of Italy at that time, the Supponids. Born around 830, Engelberga probably spent her youth in Pavia. She married Louis II in 860, after being his concubine for roughly ten years, but did not play a role in political life until after the death of his father, Lothair I, in 855. Upon his death, Lothair's kingdom was divided between his three sons and, as the eldest, Louis received Italy and the title of emperor. Engelberga had far more political influence than was usual of a queen, partially due to Louis' love for her. Engelberga's active participation in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Louis II
Louis II (825 – 12 August 875), sometimes called the Younger, was the king of Italy and emperor of the Carolingian Empire from 844, co-ruling with his father Lothair I until 855, after which he ruled alone. Louis's usual title was ''imperator augustus'' ("august emperor"), but he used ''imperator Romanorum'' ("emperor of the Romans") after his conquest of Bari in 871, which led to poor relations with the Eastern Roman Empire. He was called ''imperator Italiae'' ("emperor of Italy") in West Francia while the Byzantines called him '' Basileus Phrangias'' ("Emperor of Francia"). The chronicler Andreas of Bergamo, who is the main source for Louis's activities in southern Italy, notes that "after his death a great tribulation came to Italy." Childhood Louis was born in 825, the eldest son of the junior emperor Lothair I and his wife Ermengarde of Tours. His father was the son of the reigning emperor, Louis the Pious. Little is known about his early life, except that he gre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carolingian Empress
The Holy Roman Empress or Empress of the Holy Roman Empire (''Kaiserin des Heiligen Römischen Reiches'') was the wife or widow of the Holy Roman Emperor. The elective dignity of Holy Roman emperor was restricted to males only, but some empresses, such as Theophanu and Maria Theresa, were ''de facto'' rulers of the Empire. Holy Roman empresses Before 924, the title of emperor was not always associated with the German Kingdom; rather, it was initially associated with the Carolingian dynasty, and then possessed by several other figures of the 9th and 10th centuries. Their wives were thus empresses, but not necessarily German queens. Carolingian Holy Roman Empresses/Queens of Germany With the elevation of Otto I of Germany in 962 to the Imperial title, the title 'Roman King/Emperor' became inalienably associated with the Kingdom of Germany – although a King of Germany might not bear the Imperial title, it would be impossible to become a Holy Roman Emperor, without being King ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Queen Consort Of Italy
Queen of Italy (''regina Italiae'' in Latin and ''regina d'Italia'' in Italian) is a title adopted by many spouses of the rulers of the Italian peninsula after the fall of the Roman Empire. The details of where and how the ruling kings ruled are in the article about them. The elective dignity of Roman Emperor was restricted to males only; therefore, there was never an Italian Queen regnant, though women such as Adelaide of Italy and Theophanu and Maria Theresa of Austria, who controlled the power of ruling, ruled as de facto Queens Regnant. Queen consorts of Italy, under Odoacer *''Unknown'' Ostrogothic Queen consorts of Italy Lombardic Queen consorts of Italy Queen consorts of Italy Carolingian dynasty, (774–887) After 887, Italy fell into instability, with many rulers claiming the Kingship simultaneously: Unruoching dynasty, (887–924) Widonid dynasty, (889–896) Carolingian Dynasty, (896–899) Bosonid dynasty, (900–905) Elder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Holy Roman Empresses
The Holy Roman Empress or Empress of the Holy Roman Empire (''Kaiserin des Heiligen Römischen Reiches'') was the wife or widow of the Holy Roman Emperor. The elective dignity of Holy Roman emperor was restricted to males only, but some empresses, such as Theophanu and Maria Theresa, were ''de facto'' rulers of the Empire. Holy Roman empresses Before 924, the title of emperor was not always associated with the German Kingdom; rather, it was initially associated with the Carolingian dynasty, and then possessed by several other figures of the 9th and 10th centuries. Their wives were thus empresses, but not necessarily German queens. Carolingian Holy Roman Empresses/Queens of Germany With the elevation of Otto I of Germany in 962 to the Imperial title, the title 'Roman King/Emperor' became inalienably associated with the Kingdom of Germany – although a King of Germany might not bear the Imperial title, it would be impossible to become a Holy Roman Emperor, without being King of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Supponid
The Supponids were a Frankish noble family of prominence in the Carolingian '' regnum Italicum'' in the ninth century. They were descended from Suppo I, who appeared for the first time in 817 as a strong ally of the Emperor Louis the Pious. He and his descendants were on and off dukes of Spoleto, commonly in opposition to the Guideschi clan, another Frankish family powerful in central Italy. History The family consolidated its holdings in northern Italy through the 820s, 830s, and 840s, often controlling the counties of Brescia (hereditarily), Parma, Cremona, and Piacenza among others. Their power was extended and not highly centralised. They shared power with the bishops in the cities and were stoutly loyal to the emperors in order to ensure the peace and stability necessary to rule their vast and separated domains in the Po valley. This loyalty bought them great power, especially in their heartland of Emilia. A Supponid daughter, Engelberga, even married the Emperor Louis II ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ermengard Of Provence
Ermengard of Italy, also ''Ermengarda'', ''Ermengarde'', or ''Irmingard'' (852/855 – 897) was a queen and regent of Provence. She was the second and only surviving daughter of Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor. Life Born in around 852, she was the daughter of Louis II. In 855, Emperor Lothair I died, and her father became Holy Roman Emperor. In 876, she married Boso, a Frankish nobleman who was related to the Carolingian dynasty and who rose to become King of Lower Burgundy and Provence in 879. In May 878, she and her husband sheltered Pope John VIII, who was taking refuge from the Saracens, in Arles. After her husband's coup d'état in October 879, she helped defend his cities from her Carolingian relatives. In 880, she successfully defended Vienne itself, the capital, from the combined forces of Charles the Fat and the co-ruling kings of West Francia, Louis III and Carloman. In August 881, the newly crowned Emperor Charles the Fat pillaged and burned Vienne, forcing Ermengard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Richilde Of Metz
Richilde of Provence (c. 845 – 2 June 910, Kingdom of Lower Burgundy) was the second wife of the Frankish emperor Charles the Bald.Pierre Riche, ''The Carolingians: The Family who forged Europe'', transl. Michael Idomir Allen (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1983), 198. By her marriage, she became queen and later empress. She ruled as regent in 877. Life Richilde was the daughter of Bivin of Gorze, Count of the Ardennes, and the sister of Boso of Provence (of the Bosonid dynasty). Her aunt was Theutberga, the wife of Lothar II of Lotharingia. Her marriage to Charles the Bald, in 870 after the death of his first wife, Ermentrude of Orléans, was intended to secure his rule in Lotharingia through her powerful family and her connection to Theutberga, the previous queen. Richilde bore Charles five children, but only the eldest daughter, Rothilde, survived to adulthood. Whenever Charles went to war, Richilde managed the realm. She ruled as regent after the death of Charles in 877 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ermengarde Of Tours
Ermengarde of Tours (- 20 Mar 851) was daughter of Hugh of Tours and Ava of Morvois. In October 821 in Thionville, Ermengarde married the Carolingian Emperor Lothair I of the Franks (795–855). Ermengarde used her bridal gift to found the abbey Erstein in the Elsass, in which she is buried. Ermengarde died in 851. Lothair and Ermengarde had: *Louis II of Italy * Helletrud (Hiltrud) (c. 826–after 865/866) m. Count Berengar (d. before 865/866) * Bertha (c. 830–after 7 May 852, probably 877), became before 847 Abbess of Avenay, perhaps Äbtissin of Faremoutiers * A daughter of unknown name (b. probably 826/830), called Ermengarde in later sources, kidnapped 846 by Gilbert, Count of the Maasgau, who then married her * Gisla (c. 830–860) 851–860 Abbess of San Salvatore in Brescia *Lothair II * Rotrud (baptized 835/840 in Pavia) m. around 850/851 Lambert, Margrave of Brittany, Count of Nantes (Widonen), who died 1 May 852 * Charles of Provence Charles of Prove ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Boso Of Provence
Boso (french: Boson; c. 841 – 11 January 887) was a Frankish nobleman of the Bosonid family who was related to the Carolingian dynasty and who rose to become King of Lower Burgundy and Provence. Origin Boso was the son of Bivin of Gorze, count of Lotharingia, by Richildis, the daughter of Boso the Elder by his wife Engeltrude. His maternal aunt Teutberga was the wife of King Lothair II of Lotharingia. Boso was also the nephew of Count Boso of Valois, for whom he was named, and of Hucbert, lay abbot of St. Maurice's Abbey, to which Boso succeeded in 869. Countship In 870, King Charles the Bald of West Francia married Boso's sister Richilde. This marriage paved the way for Boso's career in the service of his royal brother-in-law. In the same year, Boso was appointed count of Lyon and Vienne, replacing Gerard of Roussillon. In 872, Charles appointed him chamberlain and ''magister ostiariorum'' (master of porters) to his heir Louis the Stammerer. Boso likewise received in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lothair I
Lothair I or Lothar I ( Dutch and Medieval Latin: ''Lotharius''; German: ''Lothar''; French: ''Lothaire''; Italian: ''Lotario'') (795 – 29 September 855) was emperor (817–855, co-ruling with his father until 840), and the governor of Bavaria (815–817), King of Italy (818–855) and Middle Francia (840–855). Lothair was the eldest son of the Carolingian emperor Louis the Pious and his wife Ermengarde of Hesbaye, daughter of Ingerman the duke of Hesbaye. On several occasions, Lothair led his full-brothers Pepin I of Aquitaine and Louis the German in revolt against their father to protest against attempts to make their half-brother Charles the Bald a co-heir to the Frankish domains. Upon the father's death, Charles and Louis joined forces against Lothair in a three-year civil war (840–843). The struggles between the brothers led directly to the breakup of the Frankish Empire assembled by their grandfather Charlemagne, and laid the foundation for the development of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pope Nicholas I
Pope Nicholas I ( la, Nicolaus I; c. 800 – 13 November 867), called Nicholas the Great, was the bishop of Rome and ruler of the Papal States from 24 April 858 until his death. He is remembered as a consolidator of papal authority, exerting decisive influence on the historical development of the papacy and its position among the Christian nations of Western Europe. Nicholas I asserted that the pope should have suzerainty over all Christians, even royalty, in matters of faith and morals. Nicholas refused King Lothair II of Lotharingia's request for an annulment of his marriage to Teutberga. When a council pronounced in favor of annulment, Nicholas I declared the council deposed, its messengers excommunicated, and its decisions invalid. Despite pressure from the Carolingians, who laid siege to Rome, his decision held. During his reign, relations with the Byzantine Empire soured because of his support for Patriarch Ignatios of Constantinople, who had been removed from h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pietro Tradonico
Pietro Tradonico ( la, Petrus Tradonicus; c. 800 - 13 September 864) was Doge of Venice from 836 to 864. He was, according to tradition, the thirteenth doge, though historically he is only the eleventh. His election broke the power of the Participazio family. History An Istrian native, he was perhaps born in the late eighth or early ninth century. His family, originally from Pula, had come to Rialto from Jesolo. He was illiterate and thus signed many state documents with a ''signum manus''. He was a warrior, not an administrator. At his election in 836 he nominated his son Giovanni as co-regent, continuing the process begun a century earlier of establishing a hereditary dukedom with dynastic succession. All previous attempts had failed and this would turn out no differently. He fought the Saracens of Bari and Taranto, who had earlier defeated Venice at Sansego, an island south of Pula. He had to deal not only with Saracen pirates, but with Slavs as well. He led a large fl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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