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Eingreif Division
Eingreif division (german: Eingreifdivision) is a term for a type of German Army formation of the First World War , which developed in 1917, to conduct immediate counter-attacks () against enemy troops who broke into a defensive position being held by a front-holding division () or to conduct a methodical counter-attack () 24–48 hours later. Attacks by the French and British armies against the on the Western Front had been met in 1915 and 1916 by increasing the number and sophistication of trench networks, the original improvised defences of 1914 giving way to a centrally-planned system of trenches in a trench-position and then increasing numbers of trench-positions, to absorb the growing firepower and offensive sophistication of the Entente armies. During the Battle of the Somme (1 July – 18 November 1916), the use of defensive lines began to evolve into the defence of the areas between them, using the local troops of the trench holding divisions and (relief divisions), he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Max Bauer
Colonel Max Hermann Bauer (31 January 1869 – 6 May 1929) was a German General Staff officer and artillery expert in the First World War. As a protege of Erich Ludendorff he was placed in charge of the German Army's munition supply by the latter in 1916. In this role he played a leading role in the Hindenburg Programme and the High Command's political machinations. Later Bauer was a military and industrial adviser to the Republic of China under Chiang Kai-shek. Rising in the army Bauer was born in Quedlinburg. He began to study medicine in Berlin, but then enlisted as an officer candidate in Foot Artillery Regiment 2 (heavy artillery) in 1888. The following year he attended the Kriegs-Schule in Hanover and then was commissioned. After regimental service, in 1898 he was appointed Adjutant to the Artillerie-Prüfungskommission (Artillery Testing Commission). In 1902 he took command of a battery as a captain. An observer of the Russo-Japanese war (1904-5), he was impresse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Solesmes, Nord
Solesmes (; Picard: ''Solinmes'') is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. Heraldry Education The city is home to: * the École Saint-Joseph. * the ' Institution Saint Michel: Collège and Lycée', a Catholic Secondary School with boarding facilities. * the Collège Saint Exupéry. See also *Communes of the Nord department The following is a list of the 648 communes of the Nord department of the French Republic. The communes cooperate in the following intercommunalities (as of 2020):Aujourd'hui à Solesmes (in French) [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Von Moser
Otto von Moser (31 March 1860 – 11 October 1931) was a German army officer, originally from Stuttgart in Württemberg, who ended his army career as a lieutenant general. After the First World War he settled at Isny im Allgäu, near the frontier with Bavaria and embarked upon a career as a prolific military historian and author. Life Provenance and early years Otto Moser was the fifth son of Alwin Moser (1823–1906), whose professional career took him to the chairmanship of Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, at Stuttgart. His mother was Auguste Moser (born Auguste Kleinlogel, 1827–1900). After five years at secondary school he enrolled, in 1874, in a Cadet Corps, first in Bensberg and later in Berlin. In 1877 he entered the 8th Württemberg Infantry Regiment ("Großherzog Friedrich von Baden" Nr. 126) as an ensign (Fähnrich). He was promoted to the rank of second lieutenant on 7 October 1878. Pre-war military career In the late 19th century and before the First World War Otto Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Von Clausewitz
Carl Philipp Gottfried (or Gottlieb) von Clausewitz (; 1 June 1780 – 16 November 1831) was a Prussian general and military theorist who stressed the "moral", in modern terms meaning psychological, and political aspects of waging war. His most notable work, (''"On War''"), though unfinished at his death, is considered a seminal treatise on military strategy. Clausewitz was a realist in many different senses, including realpolitik, and while in some respects a romantic, he also drew heavily on the rationalist ideas of the European Enlightenment. Clausewitz's thinking is often described as Hegelian because of his dialectical method; but, although he was probably personally acquainted with Hegel, there remains debate about whether Clausewitz was influenced by him.Cormier, Youri. War As Paradox: Clausewitz & Hegel on Fighting Doctrines and Ethics, (Montreal & Kingston: McGill Queen's University Press, 2016) http://www.mqup.ca/war-as-paradox-products-9780773547698.php He stres ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alberich (World War I German Operation)
Operation Alberich (german: Unternehmen Alberich) was the code name of a German military operation in France during the First World War. Two salients had been formed during the Battle of the Somme in 1916 between Arras and Saint-Quentin and from Saint-Quentin to Noyon. was planned as a strategic withdrawal to new positions on the shorter and more easily defended Hindenburg Line (german: links=no, Siegfriedstellung). General Erich Ludendorff was reluctant to order the withdrawal and hesitated until the last moment. The retirement took place between 9 February and 20 March 1917, after months of preparation. The German retreat shortened the Western front by . The retirement to the chord of the Bapaume and Noyon salients shortened the Western Front, providing 13 to 14 extra divisions for the German strategic reserve being assembled to defend the Aisne front against the Franco-British Nivelle Offensive, preparations for which were barely concealed. Background Winter 1916–1917 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Edward Edmonds
Brigadier (United Kingdom), Brigadier-General Sir James Edward Edmonds (25 December 1861 – 2 August 1956) was an commissioned officer, officer of the Royal Engineers in the late-Victorian era British Army who worked in the Intelligence Corps (United Kingdom), Intelligence Division, took part in the creation of the forerunner of MI5 and promoted several spy scares, which failed to impress Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane, Richard Haldane, the Secretary of State for War (1905–1912). Viscount Esher said that Edmonds was In 1911, Edmonds returned to soldiering as the chief of staff of the 4th Infantry Division (United Kingdom), 4th Division, despite being advised that it was a bad career move. In the manoeuvres of 1912, with the 3rd Division, the 4th Division took part in the defeat of I Corps (United Kingdom), I Corps, commanded by Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig, Douglas Haig and the only permanent corps headquarters in the army. The 4th Division training emphasised the re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Arras (1917)
The Battle of Arras (also known as the Second Battle of Arras) was a British Empire, British offensive on the Western Front (World War I), Western Front during the First World War. From 9 April to 16 May 1917, British troops attacked German Empire, German defences near the French Third Republic, French city of Arras on the Western Front. The British achieved the longest advance since trench warfare had begun, surpassing the record set by the French Sixth Army (France), Sixth Army on 1 July 1916. The British advance slowed in the next few days and the German defence recovered. The battle became a costly stalemate for both sides and by the end of the battle, the British Third Army (United Kingdom), Third Army and the First Army (United Kingdom), First Army had suffered about 160,000 casualties and the German 6th Army (German Empire), 6th Army about 125,000. For much of the war, the opposing armies on the Western Front were at stalemate, with a continuous line of Trench warfare, tre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Military Doctrine
Military doctrine is the expression of how military forces contribute to campaigns, major operations, battles, and engagements. It is a guide to action, rather than being hard and fast rules. Doctrine provides a common frame of reference across the military. It helps standardize operations, facilitating readiness by establishing common ways of accomplishing military tasks. Doctrine links theory, history, experimentation, and practice. Its objective is to foster initiative and creative thinking. Doctrine provides the military with an authoritative body of statements on how military forces conduct operations and provides a common lexicon for use by military planners and leaders. Defining doctrine NATO's definition of doctrine, used unaltered by many member nations, is: :"Fundamental principles by which the military forces guide their actions in support of objectives. It is authoritative but requires judgement in application". The Canadian Army states: "Military doctrine is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Arras, April 1917
A battle is an occurrence of combat in warfare between opposing military units of any number or size. A war usually consists of multiple battles. In general, a battle is a military engagement that is well defined in duration, area, and force commitment. An engagement with only limited commitment between the forces and without decisive results is sometimes called a skirmish. The word "battle" can also be used infrequently to refer to an entire operational campaign, although this usage greatly diverges from its conventional or customary meaning. Generally, the word "battle" is used for such campaigns if referring to a protracted combat encounter in which either one or both of the combatants had the same methods, resources, and strategic objectives throughout the encounter. Some prominent examples of this would be the Battle of the Atlantic, Battle of Britain, and Battle of Stalingrad, all in World War II. Wars and military campaigns are guided by military strategy, whereas bat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hindenberg Line Bullecourt
Hindenburg may refer to: Film and television * ''The Hindenburg'' (film), the 1975 film * '' Hindenburg: The Untold Story'', a 2007 television docudrama Places * Hindenburg, a village in Templin, Brandenburg, Germany * Hindenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, a village in Stendal, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany * Hindenburg Range, a mountain range in Papua New Guinea * Hindenburg O.S., former name of Zabrze, Poland Vessels * LZ 129 ''Hindenburg'', an airship involved in a disaster ** ''Hindenburg''-class airships * ''Hindenburg'' (icebreaker) * SMS ''Hindenburg'', a 1917 battlecruiser built for the Imperial German Navy * SS ''Columbus'' or SS ''Hindenburg'', a German liner People with the name * Carl Hindenburg (1741–1808), mathematician * Gertrud von Hindenburg (1860–1921), German noblewoman and wife of Paul von Hindenburg * Paul von Hindenburg (1847–1934), German general in World War I and president of Germany (1925–1934) * Oskar von Hindenburg (1883–1960), German officer, Paul vo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1st Army (German Empire)
The 1st Army (german: 1. Armee / Armeeoberkommando 1 / A.O.K. 1) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 from the VIII Army Inspectorate. The army was dissolved on 17 September 1915, but reformed on 19 July 1916 during the Battle of the Somme. It was finally disbanded in 1919 during demobilization after the war. History First formation The 1st Army during World War I, fought on the Western Front and took part in the Schlieffen Plan offensive against France and Belgium in August 1914. Commanded by General Alexander von Kluck, the 1st Army's job was to command the extreme right of the German forces in attacking the left flank of the French Army and encircling Paris, bringing a rapid conclusion to the war. His army had the greatest striking power of the offensive, a density of about 18,000 men per mile of front (about 10 per metre). The First Army captured Brussels on 20 August and was almost successful in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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